Negative visuospatial priming in isolation-reared rats: Evidence of resistance to the disruptive effects of amphetamine

Negative visuospatial priming in isolation-reared rats: Evidence of resistance to the disruptive effects of amphetamine Amitai Powell Weber Swerdlow Young

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Negative visuospatial priming in isolation-reared rats: Evidence of resistance to the disruptive effects of amphetamine 2015 Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience 10.3758/s13415-015-0369-0 Amitai2015-negative-visuospatial-priming-in-isolation-r Amitai2015-negative-visuospatial-priming-in-isolation-r.txt, the project's staged copy c7ad6c8e0e84ddd7935cce30e6456ec1989369ba not-redistributable neuroscience

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them null-result Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. negative visuospatial priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. behavioural-experiment behavioural-experiment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Isolation rearing lowers dopamine responsivity in the prefrontal cortex, so amphetamine no longer pushes PFC dopamine past the level that disrupts negative priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Negative priming depends on an optimal (inverted-U) level of prefrontal dopamine transmission, which amphetamine shifts away from optimum Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Rats inhibit responding at the distractor location during the prime, and must overcome that inhibition when the target later appears there, which lowers accuracy on negative trials Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Blunted prefrontal serotonin release after amphetamine in isolates removes the drug-driven rise in premature responding Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Only one amphetamine dose was tested, so hypo- versus hypersensitivity in isolates cannot be decided. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Because many more isolates failed to reach criterion and were excluded, a priming deficit in the excluded animals could have been missed. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The task may have a ceiling that hides group differences or drug-induced increases in priming. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The proposed prefrontal monoaminergic explanation is not measured in this study. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. target and non-target locations varied pseudorandomly so each location held the stimuli an equal number of times per session while remaining unpredictable trial to trial eliminates: a location bias and an anticipation strategy at once - equal frequency removes the first, unpredictability removes the second, and the paper states both · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. baseline and negative trials alternated pseudorandomly, each type equally often per session and not predictable in advance eliminates: the animal preparing for the trial type it expects next, which would make the priming effect a preparation effect · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. negative visuospatial priming negative visuospatial priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. inhibitory information processing inhibitory information processing Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. isolation rearing isolation rearing Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. amphetamine amphetamine Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. A NULL AGAINST THE AUTHORS' OWN HYPOTHESIS, WITH A POSITIVE CONTROL IN THE SAME ANIMALS: `In contrast with our hypothesis, however, Quotation withheld in rats, despite inducing PPI deficits consistent with various developmental and psychiatric disorders.` The manipulation demonstrably worked - prepulse inhibition was disrupted - and the measure demonstrably did not move. A null with an internal manipulation check is a different object from a null on its own, and this corpus should be able to tell them apart Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE SELECTION PROBLEM STATED IN THE SENTENCE THAT REPORTS THE RESULT: `Quotation withheld` The comparison runs on survivors - the isolates who got far enough to be measured - so the null holds on a sample the manipulation has already filtered. The authors put that in the abstract rather than leaving it to a reader, which is the shape this corpus wants from a limitation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. PRIMING AS AN INSTRUMENT, DECLARED IN THE FIRST SENTENCE: negative visuospatial priming `represents a quantifiable measure of inhibitory information processing that is disrupted in several neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia`. The clinical claim attaches to the PROCESS, not to the priming effect - priming is the dial, inhibition is the quantity, and the disorder is a property of the quantity. Second Amitai record where priming is a measuring device rather than a phenomenon Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE TITLE'S FINDING, AND IT IS A NULL INSIDE A NULL: `Quotation withheld` The drug disrupts negative priming in socially reared animals and does not in isolates - so the rearing that failed to disrupt the measure directly nonetheless changed how the measure responds to a drug. The discussion offers reduced prefrontal dopamine responsivity as the reason, hedged twice: `suggest that` and `might account for` Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. claim_type: mechanism a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: null-result — note: A BLIND second reading by the project on 2026-08-25: the record's own claim type/method/phenomenon were not looked at until every value here was written and substring-verified. Not applied - a person decides. Sampling frame: the 504 staged records carrying no alternatives block, so this never re-measures the 202. All 11 records with 130+ tags were taken as a census and 19 more spread one per discipline across 22 disciplines - the dense non-neuroscience cell is the one the 202 do not contain (inside them, 94-100% of the densest bands are neuroscience; among these 11, one is)., Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. method: behavioural-experiment a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: behavioural-experiment — note: A BLIND second reading by the project on 2026-08-25: the record's own claim type/method/phenomenon were not looked at until every value here was written and substring-verified. Not applied - a person decides. Sampling frame: the 504 staged records carrying no alternatives block, so this never re-measures the 202. All 11 records with 130+ tags were taken as a census and 19 more spread one per discipline across 22 disciplines - the dense non-neuroscience cell is the one the 202 do not contain (inside them, 94-100% of the densest bands are neuroscience; among these 11, one is)., Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. phenomenon: negative visuospatial priming as a measure of inhibitory information processing, and its resistance to amphetamine in isolation-reared rats a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: negative visuospatial priming — note: A BLIND second reading by the project on 2026-08-25: the record's own claim type/method/phenomenon were not looked at until every value here was written and substring-verified. Not applied - a person decides. Sampling frame: the 504 staged records carrying no alternatives block, so this never re-measures the 202. All 11 records with 130+ tags were taken as a census and 19 more spread one per discipline across 22 disciplines - the dense non-neuroscience cell is the one the 202 do not contain (inside them, 94-100% of the densest bands are neuroscience; among these 11, one is)., Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. replicates → Amitai et al., 2013 (the rat negative-priming task and its disruption by amphetamine) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Amitai et al., 2013 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. isolation rearing —causes→ negative visuospatial priming isolation rearing negative visuospatial priming direction on the measure: no-change · strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: A NULL RECORDED AS A DIRECTION, and this one is safe to record that way - unlike Takarada2018, the authors state the null as their finding and contrast it with their own hypothesis rather than hedging it later. The 'despite inducing PPI deficits' clause is inside the quote because without it the null is uninterpretable. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ANOVA ANOVA Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. chi-squared chi-squared Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. t-test t-test Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. t-test t-test Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. statistical-significance statistical-significance Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Fewer isolation-reared rats learned the task, but those that did showed negative priming no different from socially reared rats. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. D-amphetamine impaired negative priming and raised motor impulsivity in socially reared rats. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. D-amphetamine left negative priming and motor impulsivity unaffected in isolation-reared rats. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Significantly fewer isolation-reared than socially reared rats reached criterion performance in Experiment 1, showing a learning deficit for this complex task. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Amphetamine abolished negative priming by selectively lowering accuracy on baseline trials rather than by changing accuracy on negative trials. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Because the same isolates showed prepulse-inhibition deficits but intact negative priming, the two inhibitory-processing measures are dissociable. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. negative priming negative priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. inhibitory information processing inhibitory information processing Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. accuracy priming value accuracy priming value Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. negative trials negative trials Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. baseline trials baseline trials Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. drug treatment drug treatment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. trial type trial type Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prime stimulus duration prime stimulus duration Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. accuracy priming value accuracy priming value Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. premature responses premature responses Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ISI responses ISI responses Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. n = 23 socials and n = 14 isolates — Final animal numbers analysed in Experiment 1 after exclusions Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. n = 19 socials and n = 18 isolates — Final animal numbers analysed in the amphetamine experiment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 0.25 mg/kg — Subcutaneous D-amphetamine dose used in the drug challenge Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Fifty-five — Total number of male Long-Evans rats weaned into the study Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 33.3 % — Chance accuracy level in the three-aperture task, which drugged animals still exceeded Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. F (1, 35) = 24.4, p < 0.001 — Main effect of amphetamine on the number of premature responses Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-015-0369-0.