standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| second reading | alternatives | an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees |
| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| contribution | contribution | what the paper claims to add |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| research question | research_question | the question the paper sets itself |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 11 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | the alvear pathway from entorhinal cortex to hippocampal CA1 - a major excitatory input whose physiological impact was unknown Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| research_question | what the synapses this pathway makes in the deep layers actually do, since their existence was known from anatomy and never tested Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | research_question | the paper's words | |
| contribution | the pathway cannot drive pyramidal cells to fire but does drive interneurons, unequally by subtype, so its effect on the region is feedforward inhibition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | contribution | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | entorhinal alvear pathway input to hippocampal CA1 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: electrophysiology | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | the excitatory input onto pyramidal cells is monosynaptic but too weak to reach threshold even under theta burst stimulation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | while the same input drives interneurons to fire, and the inhibition arriving at PC is therefore disynaptic Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | with parvalbumin cells doing more than half of it, shown by silencing them during the stimulation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | and both sets of synapses facilitating, which marks them as low release probability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | Most recorded stratum oriens interneurons could not be anatomically classified because biocytin fills were insufficient. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: every result reported by interneuron type: NONE OF THESE 13 NEURONS HAD SUFFICIENT AXONAL FILL TO PERMIT ANATOMICAL IDENTIFICATION | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Whether the theta-coherent MEC layer 2 pyramidal cells actually contribute to the alvear pathway is unknown, weakening the proposed link to theta rhythm generation. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the link between the theta-coherent MEC L2 pyramidal cells and this pathway: IT IS UNKNOWN WHETHER THESE MEC L2 PCs CONTRIBUTE TO THE ALVEAR PATHWAY | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The relative strength of the temporo-ammonic and alvear pathways cannot be settled from earlier work. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any ranking of the two pathways by strength: A DIRECT COMPARISON BETWEEN THE STRENGTHS OF TA AND ALVEAR INPUTS WAS NOT POSSIBLE WITH PREVIOUS STUDIES | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | whether the recently identified projection neurons that fire with theta actually contribute to this pathway is unknown Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[1] - the calbindin-expressing projection neurons whose firing correlates with theta are not shown to contribute here | limitations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the region studied was chosen by which transgenic mice existed rather than by the question Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: why this region and not another: THE MEC WAS CHOSEN AS THE VIRAL EXPRESSION TARGET BY VIRTUE OF THE available transgenic line, so the anatomy studied follows the reagent | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | and the comparison with the other pathway cannot be made against the earlier literature, because the standard stimulation site activates both plus a third input Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[2], with the reason: SLM STIMULATION POTENTIALLY ACTIVATES ALVEAR INPUTS, so the earlier comparison does not isolate the pathway it names | limitations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | a channel expressed in one projection population, which is what makes a single pathway separable from the three that share its target layer Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | the driver lines that decide which region can be targeted - and here, which region was studied Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | the reported distribution of tau across the two pathways, used to argue the studied one matters clinically Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | theta burst stimulation as the physiological input pattern, rather than single shocks Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[3] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| controls | the light stimulus confined to the two deep layers rather than delivered to the whole slice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: the responses arising from the same axons' terminals in the distal layer, which the pathway also reaches · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | sodium channel blockade followed by potassium channel blockade, applied to both response types Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a monosynaptic origin for the inhibitory response - 4-AP could not rescue the IPSCs inhibited by TTX, so inhibitory synaptic transmission driven by alvear input stimulation was NOT monosynaptic · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | synaptic delay measured separately for the two postsynaptic populations Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: the reading that the interneuron responses are relayed rather than direct, since their delay is shorter than the pyramidal one · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | post hoc anatomical reconstruction of the recorded interneurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: the possibility that the recorded cells were not the horizontally oriented population the pathway is claimed to engage · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | optogenetic silencing of parvalbumin interneurons during the same stimulation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: attributing the whole inhibitory response to the subtype merely because it fires most - the silencing measures its share at more than half · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | A MAJOR INPUT PATHWAY WITH NO PHYSIOLOGY ATTACHED TO IT: the alvear pathway is a MAJOR EXCITATORY INPUT to hippocampal CA1, YET NOTHING IS KNOWN ABOUT ITS PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPACT Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and it is not a minor route - in rodent it CARRIES MOST of the entorhinal input to dorsal CA1, and its effect on the postsynaptic neurons HAS NOT, TO OUR KNOWLEDGE, BEEN REPORTED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | with the gap dated - the synaptic boutons were described in 1996 and THE PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF THE SYNAPSES HAS NOT BEEN INVESTIGATED since Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE REGION STUDIED WAS CHOSEN BY THE TOOLS THAT EXISTED: the medial entorhinal cortex was chosen as the viral expression target BY VIRTUE OF THE TRANSGENIC MICE AVAILABLE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | A DISAGREEMENT DIVIDED BY PREPARATION: SOME GROUPS observed monosynaptic suprathreshold activation after stimulation in vivo, WHEREAS OTHER GROUPS observed only subthreshold events Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and the in vitro literature does not disagree with itself at all - ex vivo stimulation has CONSISTENTLY been found to give subthreshold responses, so the preparation is what the disagreement turns on Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE COMPARISON EVERYONE WOULD WANT COULD NOT BE MADE BEFORE, AND THE PAPER SAYS WHY: stimulating the distal layer activates the other pathway, this pathway's own distal terminals, AND a thalamic input, so A DIRECT COMPARISON BETWEEN THE STRENGTHS OF THE TWO WAS NOT POSSIBLE WITH PREVIOUS STUDIES Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE SAME TARGET REGION, TWO INPUTS, DIFFERENT INTERNEURON SUBSETS: parvalbumin cells produce LITTLE TO NO RESPONSE to distal-layer stimulation and fire strongly to this one, so the two inputs ACTIVATE DIFFERENT SUBSETS OF INTERNEURONS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and the selectivity was already known for the other pathway - specific subsets can be POTENTLY ACTIVATED while others are ONLY WEAKLY AFFECTED OR NOT AFFECTED AT ALL Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | NOT ALL SUBTYPES ARE EQUALLY AFFECTED: parvalbumin cells fire at higher frequencies than the other two classes, and the responsive cells span several morphological subtypes within each class Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE SAME PHARMACOLOGICAL TEST GIVES OPPOSITE ANSWERS FOR THE TWO RESPONSE TYPES: the potassium channel blocker rescues the excitatory response and CANNOT rescue the inhibitory one, which is what makes one monosynaptic and the other disynaptic Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | with a geometric argument doing the work the pharmacology cannot - the light was confined to the deep layers, so the terminals there MUST be the source and not the distal ones Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and a delay difference used the same way - the interneuron delay is SIGNIFICANTLY SHORTER than the pyramidal one, which is the wrong direction for a relayed response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | MORE THAN HALF THE INHIBITION MEASURED RATHER THAN ATTRIBUTED: silencing one interneuron class during the same stimulation removed GREATER THAN 50% of the response amplitude Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | AND THE UNTESTED PATHWAY IS THE VULNERABLE ONE: tau accumulates in the terminals of THIS pathway BUT NOT the other, so the input nobody had recorded from may be the one that fails first in Alzheimer's disease Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | with an open question left open - it is UNKNOWN whether the projection neurons whose firing tracks theta contribute to this pathway at all Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| alternatives | claim_type: mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: mechanism — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.claim_type | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | method: optogenetic activation confined to one layer, so that the responses cannot come from the same axons' terminals elsewhere Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: electrophysiology — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.method | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | phenomenon: two anatomically separate entorhinal inputs converging on the same target region by different routes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: entorhinal alvear pathway input to hippocampal CA1 — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.phenomenon | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → Milstein et al. (2015) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → Milstein et al. (2015) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | supports → feedforward inhibition as the principal effect of entorhinal input on CA1 pyramidal cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | contradicts → the assumption that the two entorhinal pathways engage the same interneuron population Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: alvear pathway terminals in the SO appear to be capable of activating different subsets of interneurons relative to TA inputs | claim_relations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | reconciles → the disagreement about whether entorhinal stimulation drives CA1 pyramidal cells, by noting the in vitro literature is consistent where the in vivo one is not Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: Quotation withheld of CA1 PCs | claim_relations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → earlier comparisons of the two pathways' strengths, which stimulated a site that activates three inputs at once Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE AXIS IS WHAT THE STIMULATION SITE ACTUALLY ACTIVATES. 'These data may seem to suggest that the TA pathway input is stronger than the alvear pathway ... However, STIMULATION IN THE SLM WOULD ACTIVATE MORE THAN JUST TA SYNAPTIC TERMINALS.' The earlier comparison is not disputed as a measurement - it is disputed as an ATTRIBUTION, because the electrode reaches more than the pathway it was taken to test. | claim_relations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | predicts → that this pathway contributes to theta rhythm generation through perisomatic interneurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[6] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | supports → the early vulnerability of this specific input in Alzheimer's disease, from the reported tau distribution Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[7] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | pyramidal —contrasted-with→ interneuron Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: the inputs land on BOTH, which is why the question of what the pathway does could not be answered from anatomy alone
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span shown is the abstract opening; the pyramidal/interneuron contrast is elsewhere. also in: pyramidal · interneuron | concept_edges[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | PV —contrasted-with→ VIP Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: more than 70% of PV and VIP cells showed responses and less than 20% of the third class | concept_edges[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | stimulation —causes→ suprathreshold Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span reports suprathreshold activation following stimulation in some studies; causes is loose. also in: stimulation · suprathreshold | concept_edges[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | PV —distinct-from→ SLM Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: THE SAME TARGET, TWO INPUTS, DIFFERENT INTERNEURON SUBSETS - PV cells produce LITTLE TO NO RESPONSE to distal-layer stimulation and fire strongly to this one
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but PV interneurons produce little or no response to SLM STIMULATION; distinct-from 'SLM' is loose. | concept_edges[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | alvear —causes→ interneuron Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says alvear terminals appear capable of activating interneuron subsets; causes is loose. also in: alvear · interneuron | concept_edges[19] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | PV —contrasted-with→ GIN Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: NOT ALL SUBTYPES EQUALLY AFFECTED - PV cells fire at higher frequencies than the other two classes | concept_edges[21] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | theta —causes→ excitation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says theta-burst stimulation elicited excitation; 'theta' names the stimulation pattern. also in: theta · excitation | concept_edges[22] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | IPSC —operationalised-as→ inhibition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but IPSCs are a measure of inhibition; operationalised-as is loose. also in: IPSC · inhibition | concept_edges[27] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | PV —causes→ IPSC Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: MORE THAN HALF THE INHIBITION MEASURED RATHER THAN ATTRIBUTED - silencing one class during the same stimulation removed GREATER THAN 50% of the response amplitude | concept_edges[31] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | EPSP —distinct-from→ suprathreshold Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: subthreshold responses in pyramidal cells EVEN UNDER ROBUST THETA BURST STIMULATION, against suprathreshold responses in the interneurons also in: EPSP · suprathreshold | concept_edges[33] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | GIN —is-a→ interneuron Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: and the conclusion states the asymmetry plainly - the subset activated here APPEARS TO BE DIFFERENT from those activated by the other pathway
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span shown does not name GIN cells. also in: GIN · interneuron | concept_edges[39] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Shapiro-Wilk normality test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Shapiro-Wilk normality test | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | repeated measures ANOVA Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: repeated measures ANOVA | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | one-sample t-test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: one-sample t-test | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | two-way ANOVA Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: two-way ANOVA | content_tags.statistics[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | p-value Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: p-value | content_tags.statistics[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | standard error of the mean Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: standard error of the mean | content_tags.statistics[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Friedman test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Friedman test | content_tags.statistics[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | nonparametric tests Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: nonparametric tests | content_tags.statistics[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | action potential frequency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: action potential frequency | content_tags.statistics[8] | 0.8 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Theta burst activation of the alvear pathway never drove CA1 pyramidal cells to spike; the inputs produced only subthreshold EPSPs. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The same alvear stimulation that fails to spike pyramidal cells does excite interneurons, which then inhibit the pyramidal cells disynaptically. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Parvalbumin interneurons are the most responsive target of the alvear input, firing at higher rates than VIP or somatostatin (GIN) interneurons. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Interneuron subtypes differ sharply in whether they respond at all, with O-LM/GIN cells largely unresponsive. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Optogenetically silencing PV interneurons removed more than half of the alvear-driven inhibitory current in pyramidal cells, showing PV cells carry most of the feedforward inhibition. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Alvear inputs onto CA1 pyramidal basal dendrites showed a low probability of transmitter release. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The alvear pathway appears to affect CA1 mainly through feedforward inhibition via select interneuron subtypes. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | A MAJOR INPUT PATHWAY WITH NO PHYSIOLOGY ATTACHED TO IT: a MAJOR EXCITATORY INPUT to hippocampal CA1, YET NOTHING IS KNOWN ABOUT ITS PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPACT Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | and it is not a minor route - in rodent it CARRIES MOST of the entorhinal input to dorsal CA1, and its effect HAS NOT, TO OUR KNOWLEDGE, BEEN REPORTED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | with the gap dated - the synaptic boutons were described in 1996 and THE PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF THE SYNAPSES IN THE SO HAS NOT BEEN INVESTIGATED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THE REGION STUDIED WAS CHOSEN BY THE TOOLS THAT EXISTED: the target was chosen BY VIRTUE OF THE TRANSGENIC MICE AVAILABLE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | A DISAGREEMENT DIVIDED BY PREPARATION: SOME GROUPS observed monosynaptic suprathreshold activation in vivo, WHEREAS OTHER GROUPS observed only subthreshold events Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | whether in vivo stimulation excites CA1 pyramidal cells above threshold is disputed, while ex vivo stimulation has consistently given subthreshold responses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THE COMPARISON EVERYONE WOULD WANT COULD NOT BE MADE BEFORE: stimulating the distal layer activates three inputs at once, so A DIRECT COMPARISON BETWEEN THE STRENGTHS OF THE TWO WAS NOT POSSIBLE WITH PREVIOUS STUDIES Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | TWO INPUTS, DIFFERENT INTERNEURON SUBSETS: PV interneurons have been demonstrated to produce LITTLE TO NO RESPONSE to SLM stimulation, and alvear pathway terminals appear capable of activating DIFFERENT SUBSETS OF INTERNEURONS relative to TA inputs Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | with the selectivity already known for the other pathway - specific subsets POTENTLY ACTIVATED while others are ONLY WEAKLY AFFECTED OR NOT AFFECTED AT ALL Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | NOT ALL SUBTYPES ARE EQUALLY AFFECTED: PV cells fire at higher frequencies than the other two classes, and the responsive cells span several morphological subtypes within each class Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THE SAME PHARMACOLOGICAL TEST GIVES OPPOSITE ANSWERS FOR THE TWO RESPONSE TYPES: the potassium channel blocker rescues the excitatory response and CANNOT rescue the inhibitory one Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | with a geometric argument doing what pharmacology cannot - the light was confined to the deep layers, so the terminals there MUST be the source Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | and a delay difference used the same way - the interneuron delay is SIGNIFICANTLY SHORTER than the pyramidal one Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[19] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | MORE THAN HALF THE INHIBITION MEASURED RATHER THAN ATTRIBUTED: silencing one interneuron class removed GREATER THAN 50% of the response amplitude Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[20] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | subthreshold responses in pyramidal cells EVEN UNDER ROBUST THETA BURST STIMULATION, against suprathreshold responses in the interneurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[21] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | AND THE UNTESTED PATHWAY IS THE VULNERABLE ONE: tau accumulates in the terminals of THIS pathway BUT NOT the other Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[22] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | with an open question left open - it is UNKNOWN whether the projection neurons whose firing tracks theta contribute to this pathway at all Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[23] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | and individual projection neurons do NOT correlate well with the population field potential but DO fire coherently with their own internal theta Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[24] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the two pathways' terminals look alike where it can be measured - both facilitating, both indicative of a low probability release synapse Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[25] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | and the conclusion states the asymmetry plainly - the subset activated here APPEARS TO BE DIFFERENT from those activated by the other pathway Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[26] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | alvear pathway Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: alvear pathway | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | temporo-ammonic (TA) pathway Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: temporo-ammonic (TA) pathway | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | alvear Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: alvear | content_tags.definitions[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | monosynaptic Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: monosynaptic | content_tags.definitions[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | disynaptic Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: disynaptic | content_tags.definitions[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | release probability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: release probability | content_tags.definitions[5] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | IPSC amplitudes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: IPSC amplitudes | content_tags.variables[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | burst action potential frequencies Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: burst action potential frequencies | content_tags.variables[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | stimulation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: stimulation | content_tags.variables[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | theta Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: theta | content_tags.variables[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | synaptic delay Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: synaptic delay | content_tags.variables[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | greater than 50% — Reduction in alvear-driven inhibitory postsynaptic current in CA1 pyramidal cells when PV interneurons were optogenetically silenced Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 85% / 25% / 30% — Proportion of GIN, PV and VIP interneurons respectively that gave no response at all to alvear stimulation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | greater than 70% / less than 20% — Fraction of PV and VIP interneurons versus O-LM cells that showed alvear excitatory synaptic responses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 41 of 49 — Pyramidal neurons that responded at all to optogenetic alvear stimulation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 17 of 28 — Responsive stratum oriens interneurons that reached spike threshold during theta burst stimulation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 16 of 37 — VIP-expressing interneurons that fired action potentials to theta burst stimulation of the alvear pathway Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 39 — Total interneurons recorded with somata in CA1 stratum oriens Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | greater than 70% ... less than 20% — the share of two interneuron classes that responded against the third - the number that turns 'drives interneurons' into 'drives these interneurons' Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[7] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | greater than 50% — the share of the inhibitory response removed by silencing one interneuron class - a contribution measured by subtraction rather than inferred from which cells fired hardest Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | approximately 3 ms ... approximately 2 ms — the synaptic delays of alvear inputs, supporting the monosynaptic nature of alvear inputs onto PC basal dendrites in the deep layers of hippocampal CA1 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. value source note: THE VALUE DRAWS ON THE PAPER BEYOND THIS QUOTE: part of it is printed elsewhere in the paper, not in this quote ('alvear inputs onto CA1 interneurons was approximately 2 ms…'). | content_tags.quantities[9] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
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