Spatial cognition in birds

Spatial cognition in birds Ben-Tov Gutfreund

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Spatial cognition in birds 2022 Current Biology 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.080 Ben-Tov2022-spatial-cognition-in-birds Ben-Tov2022-spatial-cognition-in-birds.txt, the project's staged copy 0ce05bd46b4650a8003a0ed96a38d4898e3bf135 not-redistributable neuroscience

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them existence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. spatial cognition in birds Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. review review Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Species differ in place-cell abundance because the ecological demand for spatial memory differs: caching and homing species that must remember many locations develop robust place coding, species that do not need it show little Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Because caching birds must retrieve many hidden items, selection for that behaviour is what produces the enlarged hippocampus and abundant place cells, so place cells are proposed to serve spatial memory rather than merely accompany it Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Head direction tuning in a migratory seabird is anchored by the earth's magnetic field, the cells encoding head angle relative to magnetic north Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Knowing one's own place and heading requires converting head- and body-centred sensory input into an environment-fixed frame, a transformation performed in and upstream of the hippocampus Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The neural mechanisms of avian spatial cognition remain poorly understood. what this limits: any mechanistic claim in the review: OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE NEURAL MECHANISMS OF SPATIAL COGNITION IN BIRDS IS STILL POOR Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. All avian hippocampal recordings so far come from small enclosures, unlike the scales at which birds actually navigate. what this limits: every avian hippocampal recording in the literature: TO DATE, ALL THE EXPERIMENTS IN WHICH BRAIN ACTIVITY WAS RECORDED IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS OF BIRDS HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED IN RELATIVELY SMALL ENVIRONMENTS - unlike the scales at which birds navigate Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. How the earth's magnetic field shapes the avian head-direction system is not yet resolved. what this limits: the magnetic-field question specifically: FURTHER EXAMINATION OF HEAD DIRECTION CELLS IN STREAKED SHEARWATER AND OTHER BIRDS IS NECESSARY TO RESOLVE HOW THE HEAD DIRECTION SYSTEM IN THE AVIAN HIPPOCAMPUS IS INFLUENCED BY THE EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The category's criterion comes from another species, and 2% of the units tested meet it. what this limits: any claim about place cells in birds: of more than 2,000 single units recorded in quail hippocampus, only about 2% passed the criterion for place cells, and most of those did not show the clear single field expected from the classical place cells found in rodents Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The structure is called a homologue and stated to differ fundamentally in architecture. what this limits: any transfer of a mammalian hippocampal result to birds: the avian homologue of the mammalian hippocampus has an architecture that, after three hundred million years of independent evolution, differs fundamentally from the mammalian one Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. place cells place cells Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. avian homologue avian homologue Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mammalian hippocampus mammalian hippocampus Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. cognitive maps cognitive maps Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. criterion criterion Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. a place cell - A RODENT-DERIVED CRITERION APPLIED ACROSS A PHYLUM: about 2% of more than 2,000 quail hippocampal units passed the criterion, and most of those lacked the clear single field of activity the classical rodent place cells show, so the category is being tested in birds by a standard defined on the animal it was discovered in Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the avian hippocampus - A HOMOLOGUE THAT DIFFERS FUNDAMENTALLY: identified as the avian homologue of the mammalian hippocampus by development, connectivity and cellular markers, and stated in the next sentence to have an architecture fundamentally different after three hundred million years of independent evolution - the correspondence and the difference are asserted together Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. a cognitive map - A DIFFERENT ORDER OF MAGNITUDE IN BIRDS: the well-studied rodent maps cover small areas while avian maps must represent ranges of hundreds and thousands of kilometres, so the same term names representations whose spatial scale differs by several orders Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Edward Tolman, 'Cognitive maps in rats and men' Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The avian hippocampus is a neuronal sheet on the dorsal surface of the caudal medial pallium, whereas the mammalian hippocampus is a folded structure below the neocortex. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The avian hippocampus lacks the granule layer that defines the mammalian structure. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Hippocampal-lesioned homing pigeons consistently show impaired homing. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Immediate-early gene expression rises in hippocampal neurons of birds searching remembered food locations, a second line of evidence tying the structure to spatial memory. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. In food-caching species such as titmice, chickadees and jays, the hippocampus is larger than in most non-caching birds. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Recordings in Japanese quail found that only about 2% of units passed the place-cell criterion, and most of these lacked a clear single field. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The tufted titmouse recordings gave the first clear evidence of place cells in a bird species. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. In the non-caching zebra finch, place cells were significantly rarer and less robust. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Preliminary recordings found hippocampal cells in flying barn owls that fired reliably when the owl flew through a confined region of the flight room. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Head direction cells in these birds mostly pointed to or near north. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. spatial cognition spatial cognition Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. place cell place cell Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. cognitive map cognitive map Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. border cells border cells about this quote: THE QUOTE CONTINUES A SENTENCE THAT THIS COPY CUTS IN TWO - another paragraph, moved between the list and its tail, stands between it and the words it follows, which read 'a whole range of spatial cell types have been discovered'. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. central-place foraging central-place foraging Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. place cells place cells Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. head direction cells head direction cells Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. grid cells grid cells Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ~2% — Proportion of recorded quail hippocampal units meeting the place-cell criterion Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. about 12% — Proportion of quail hippocampal cells classified as head direction cells Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. More than 60% — Proportion of recorded tufted titmouse hippocampal cells classified as place cells Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. more than 2,000 — Single units analysed in the quail hippocampus study Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. around 300 million years — Time since the bird and mammal lineages diverged, the evolutionary distance that makes the comparison informative Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 200-meter-long — Length of the tunnel in which flying bats showed multifocal place fields, the cited evidence that spatial coding changes with environment scale Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.080.