standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| second reading | alternatives | an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees |
| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| contribution | contribution | what the paper claims to add |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| research question | research_question | the question the paper sets itself |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 2 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | the structural determinants of ion selectivity in channelrhodopsin pores, and the inhibitory tools they make possible Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| research_question | whether an electrostatic model of the pore can be pushed further to build chloride channels usable for behavioural inhibition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | research_question | the paper's words | |
| contribution | builds enhanced chloride-conducting channelrhodopsins with 15-fold larger photocurrents, demonstrates the first behavioural control with them, and shows inhibition works by shunting rather than hyperpolarisation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | contribution | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | channelrhodopsin ion selectivity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | system-or-tool-building Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: system-or-tool-building | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[4] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | ions are selected by electrostatic interaction with the pore, so replacing negatively charged residues with neutral or positive ones flips the channel from cation- to anion-conducting Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | inhibition works by shunting excitatory input, as endogenous chloride channels do, rather than by hyperpolarising the cell Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | a structural argument diagnosed the leak: a longer arginine side chain where wild type has histidine could block channel closure, and reverting it restored input resistance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | the pH dependence of the first-generation channel was traced to protonatable pore residues and removed by further substitution Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | channels follow the cell's own chloride gradient while pumps move ions unidirectionally regardless of it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | Spike inhibition by iC++ is not absolute: with intracellular chloride above the physiological range it can be partially overcome by very strong current injection. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the completeness of the inhibition: nearly complete spike inhibition held even with elevated chloride, ALTHOUGH THE INHIBITION IN SUCH CASES COULD BE PARTIALLY OVERCOME WITH EXTREMELY STRONG (0.8-nA) CURRENT INJECTIONS | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | iC++ is not presented as universally superior; the choice between channel and pump depends on the preparation and hypothesis. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any reading of the paper as naming a best inhibitory tool: iC++ AND RELATED CHANNELS ... LIKE ANY REAGENT IN BIOLOGY, SHOULD BE SELECTED BASED ON SUITABILITY FOR PREPARATION AND HYPOTHESIS | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | because channels follow physiological gradients, which differ by cell type, subcellular region, developmental stage and pathology, the tool can even excite under some conditions Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the SIGN of the effect, not just its size: gradients CAN DIFFER ACROSS CELL TYPES, SUBCELLULAR REGIONS, DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES, AND PATHOLOGICAL STATES ... EVEN GIVING RISE TO EXCITATION UNDER SOME CONDITIONS | limitations[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | pumps hyperpolarise far beyond physiological levels and destabilise membrane properties Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the pump comparison: THE PUMPS CAN HYPERPOLARIZE CELLS FAR BEYOND PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVELS, CAUSING UNSTABLE MEMBRANE PROPERTIES | limitations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | lowering pump light intensity fixes that but shrinks the inhibited tissue volume, with no clean solution Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the remedy for item 3: lowering light intensity ALSO SEVERELY REDUCES THE VOLUME OF TISSUE INHIBITED BY THE PUMPS, so the trade-off has no clean side | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the tool is explicitly not universally better - it must be chosen for the preparation and the hypothesis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. duplicate of: limitations[1] · what this limits: the same scope as limitations[1] - the tool is not claimed to be universally better | limitations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | in both behavioural assays the three opsins performed equivalently, so the assays do not resolve the cellular differences the paper establishes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: what the behavioural assays can resolve: EACH OPSIN WAS EQUALLY EFFECTIVE IN DRIVING REAL-TIME PLACE AVERSION, so the cellular differences do not appear at this readout | limitations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | a crystal structure and an electrostatic potential calculation, used as the design specification for a behavioural tool Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | shunting inhibition by GABA-A receptors, used as the model for how the engineered channel acts Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | matching iC++ protein expression against the parental iC1C2 construct, and comparing membrane properties of iC++-expressing cells against eYFP-only cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: that the 16-fold larger photocurrent comes from higher expression rather than from the channel itself, and that expressing the opsin alters the cell's membrane properties · outcome: held | controls[0] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| senses | optogenetic inhibition is not one thing: a chloride CHANNEL shunts along the cell's own gradient, a chloride PUMP moves ions against it, and the two differ in efficiency, stability and dependence on the preparation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | inhibitory is a property of the tool IN A PREPARATION, not of the tool - the same channel can excite where the chloride gradient runs the other way Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the electrostatic pore model is treated as a predictive hypothesis, and each round of engineering is described as a test of it rather than as an application Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | iC++ is named for the count of charges added, so the construct name encodes the mechanistic claim Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| alternatives | claim_type: mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: method — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.claim_type | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | method: structure-guided point mutation with whole-cell recording in cultured neurons, then viral expression and behavioural testing in freely moving mice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: system-or-tool-building — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.method | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | phenomenon: ion selectivity in a light-gated channel pore Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: channelrhodopsin ion selectivity — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.phenomenon | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → iC1C2, the first-generation structure-guided chloride-conducting channelrhodopsin Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → the previously reported step-function variants SwiChR CA and SwiChR CT Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → the naturally anion-conducting GtACR channelrhodopsins Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → the structure-derived electrostatic model of channelrhodopsin pore selectivity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[3] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | confirms → the crystal structure-derived electrostatic model of channelrhodopsin pore selectivity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | supports → the naturally occurring GtACR chloride channels, whose pore residues match the engineered ones Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | extends → the first-generation iC1C2 channel, which had small photocurrents and was never tested on behaviour Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. status: the paper's own words: were not tested | claim_relations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | qualifies → the use of light-activated chloride pumps for optogenetic inhibition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | channelrhodopsin —distinct-from→ pumps Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE AXIS IS LIGHT SENSITIVITY, AND A SECOND ONE IS NAMED BESIDE IT. 'the pumps, Quotation withheld.' Two dimensions in one clause - how much light each needs, and whether that requirement can be engineered away. The second is the one that decides which tool a laboratory can actually use. · strength of the relation: 1 · note: differ in light sensitivity, bistability, membrane stability and whether they respect physiological gradients
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span contrasts pumps with channels on light sensitivity; distinct-from is loose. also in: channelrhodopsin · pumps | concept_edges[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | shunting —contrasted-with→ hyperpolarization Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: RE-GROUNDS another row of this record: the old span named ONE endpoint. also in: shunting · hyperpolarization | concept_edges[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | ANOVA (two-way repeated measures) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ANOVA (two-way repeated measures) | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | post hoc multiple comparison test (Holm-Sidak) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | interaction effect in factorial ANOVA Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | standard error of the mean Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: standard error of the mean | content_tags.statistics[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Holm-Sidak post hoc Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.statistics[4] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | light by virus interaction ANOVA Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: light by virus interaction ANOVA | content_tags.statistics[5] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | The paper tests the hypothesis that channelrhodopsin selectivity is set by the pore's surface potential: a negatively charged pore conducts cations, and a pore with neutral and positive residues conducts chloride. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Structure-guided redesign produced iC++ and the bistable SwiChR++, with more than 15-fold larger photocurrents and a reversal potential about 15 mV more negative than the previous generation. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Unlike its predecessor iC1C2, iC++ shows a reversal potential independent of the proton gradient, i.e. it does not conduct protons. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | iC++ passes other halides (iodide, bromide) but excludes physiological small organic anions. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The purely model-driven engineered pore converged on the same residue solution that evolution produced in the natural anion channel GtACR2. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The chloride channel inhibited neurons far more efficiently than the chloride pump eNpHR3.0, blocking any tested input in over 90% of expressing cells. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | SwiChR++ can be switched off immediately by red light, giving temporally bounded bistable control of chloride conductance and neuronal inhibition. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Under these conditions iC++, iC1C2 and eNpHR3.0 were equally effective at driving real-time place aversion. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Optogenetically silencing CREB-overexpressing amygdala neurons reduced tone-evoked freezing, while silencing an equal number of non-allocated neurons did not. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | net photocurrents increased more than 15-fold under physiological conditions Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | effective photocurrent was more than 16 times larger than the first generation at comparable expression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the advantage over the first generation is largest for short 5 ms pulses needing over 500 pA to drive spiking Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the engineered pore residues match those of a naturally occurring chloride channel discovered afterwards Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Reverting one arginine to the wild-type histidine (R134H) increased input resistance and photocurrent size. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the channel inhibits spikes more efficiently than the chloride pump, through stronger shunting Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | all three opsins produced equivalent real-time place aversion Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | silencing CREB-overexpressing amygdala neurons reduced fear freezing, while silencing the same number of non-CREB neurons did not Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the reduction in freezing did not differ significantly between the three opsins Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | channelrhodopsins Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: channelrhodopsins | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | optogenetics Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: optogenetics | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | step-function opsin bistability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: step-function opsin bistability | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | optogenetics Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: optogenetics | content_tags.definitions[3] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | shunting inhibition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: shunting inhibition | content_tags.definitions[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | point mutation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: point mutation | content_tags.variables[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | intracellular chloride concentration Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: intracellular chloride concentration | content_tags.variables[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | external pH Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: external pH | content_tags.variables[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | V rev Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: V rev | content_tags.variables[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | neuronal input resistance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: neuronal input resistance | content_tags.variables[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | internal chloride concentration Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: internal chloride concentration | content_tags.variables[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | control cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: control cells | content_tags.variables[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | reversal potential Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: reversal potential | content_tags.variables[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | photocurrent amplitude Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: photocurrent amplitude | content_tags.variables[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | avoidance of the light-paired compartment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.variables[9] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | more than 16 times — increase in effective photocurrent size of iC++ over iC1C2 at comparable protein expression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 9,500-fold (τ off,dark = 115 s ± 9) — slowing of channel closure produced by the C128A mutation, creating the bistable SwiChR++ Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 488 nm — peak activation wavelength of iC++, indicating an intact retinal-binding pocket Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | near −65 mV — reversal potential of the first-generation chloride-conducting channelrhodopsins Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 9 and 10 residues — number of amino acid replacements in iC1C2 and iC++ relative to the parental cation channel C1C2 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | at least seven times — efficiency advantage of the iC++ channel over the eNpHR3.0 pump in inhibiting current-driven spiking Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | more than 90% — proportion of iC++-expressing cells in which light blocked every current input tested Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | ∼15% — share of lateral amygdala pyramidal neurons transduced before fear conditioning in the memory-engram experiment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | more than 15-fold, and more than 16 times at matched expression — photocurrent improvement over the first generation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[8] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | reversing near -65 mV, decreased by a further about 15 mV — reversal potential of the first and second generation channels Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[9] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 9 and 10 residues replaced — how heavily engineered the two constructs are Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | about 15% of lateral amygdala pyramidal neurons transduced — the engram experiment's targeting Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[11] | 0.8 | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.