Prime time advertisements: Repetition priming from faces seen on subject recruitment posters

Prime time advertisements: Repetition priming from faces seen on subject recruitment posters Bruce Carson Burton Kelly

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Prime time advertisements: Repetition priming from faces seen on subject recruitment posters 1998 Memory & Cognition 10.3758/bf03201159 Bruce1998-prime-time-advertisements-repetition-priming Bruce1998-prime-time-advertisements-repetition-priming.txt, the project's staged copy 2ba26958bd7815c19a100eacde9a9b7ff85d114a not-redistributable cognitive-psychology

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them existence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. repetition priming of face recognition Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. behavioural-experiment behavioural-experiment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Repeated exposure strengthens the connections between face recognition units and person identity nodes, so later familiarity decisions are reached faster Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms The same link-strengthening process that produces priming is the process by which new faces are learned and stored representations of familiar faces are updated by new exemplars Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Priming reflects the ongoing operation of a system that develops and updates the representations used to identify faces, rather than retrieval of the priming episode Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Exposure duration and frequency for poster faces were uncontrolled, so absolute priming magnitudes for poster versus lab faces are not directly comparable. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Experiment 3 could not counterbalance items across conditions, leaving only four items per cell and an underpowered items analysis. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The poster-versus-lab comparison in Experiment 1 was severely underpowered. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The contextual manipulation used cues known to matter for unfamiliar-face memory, but may not have changed the functional context relevant to identifying familiar faces. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the test list mixed primed faces with unprimed famous faces, unfamiliar faces and six additional familiar filler items eliminates: that the priming effect is recognition of fame or familiarity rather than the priming exposure · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. repetition priming repetition priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. explicit memory explicit memory Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. episodic memory episodic memory Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. context context Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE PRIME WAS NOT ADMINISTERED - IT WAS A POSTER IN A CORRIDOR. Faces on subject recruitment advertisements primed laboratory face recognition, `even when the advertisements make no specific mention of experiments involving face recognition` and even when subjects `were not obliged to look at them`. This is the only record in the corpus where the exposure happened outside the experiment: dijksterhuis1998 doses by duration, Schmidt2009 by the prime-target gap, bargh1996 by a scrambled-sentence task, and every one of them is delivered by an experimenter to someone who has already consented. Here it happened to people who did not yet know they were in a study Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND THE DISSOCIATION IS IN THE DERIVATIVE, NOT THE LEVEL, WHICH IS A SHARPER CLAIM: `there is little evidence that repeated or extended exposure to items influences repetition priming at all ..., whereas it is clear that increase in exposure duration and/or frequency does affect explicit memory for the items.` More exposure buys explicit memory and buys priming nothing. Two systems that differ in whether they respond to MORE, rather than in whether they respond - which cannot be explained by one measure being less sensitive, the objection that sinks a difference in means Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND THE THEORETICAL GAP IS NAMED AND LEFT OPEN: `Quotation withheld.` They say what their own result does to the account they favour, and stop. Second record running to decline to close its own gap - hesselmann2016 reports its surviving effect as `difficult to reconcile` with the obvious model. A corpus that only held resolved claims would hold neither, and the unresolved version is what a later paper actually picks up Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND THE CAREFUL CONCLUSION IS CAREFUL IN A SPECIFIC DIRECTION: `Quotation withheld.` A negative claim about what the effect is NOT bound to, rather than a positive claim about what carries it. `What we can say, however` is the authors marking the edge of their evidence inside the sentence that states it Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. replicates → Bruce (1982) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → Flude (1993) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → Burton et al.'s (1990) interactive activation account Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. repetition priming —distinct-from→ explicit memory repetition priming explicit memory strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: THE DISSOCIATION IS IN HOW THEY RESPOND TO DOSE, AND THAT IS WHY IT IS STRONG. Not 'priming is smaller than explicit memory' - a difference in means, always answerable with a sensitivity argument - but 'more exposure moves one and not the other'. The quote carries both halves and the 'whereas'. Weight 0.9 rather than 0.95: the claim is attributed to Roediger & McDermott's 1993 review inside the sentence, so it is the literature's finding that this paper builds on, not this paper's measurement. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. repetition priming —contrasted-with→ episodic memory repetition priming episodic memory strength of the relation: 0.8 · note: A DESIGN SENTENCE, AND IT IS DELIBERATELY THE GROUNDING FOR THIS EDGE. The two memories are contrasted here by being measured on split halves of the same subject pool from the same poster exposure - which is what makes the later finding (episodic memory weak, priming present) a dissociation rather than a comparison across studies. Weight 0.8: the quote establishes the contrast operationally and not its outcome; the outcome is in the senses and in the record's findings. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but half the subjects did the repetition-priming experiment and half the episodic-memory test; contrasted-with is loose. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ANOVA ANOVA Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. t-test t-test Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. p-value p-value Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mean mean Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. standard deviation standard deviation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. statistical power / effect size statistical power / effect size Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. confidence interval confidence interval about this quote: PAGE FURNITURE IS SPLICED INTO THIS QUOTE - the page number '508' at its end. The sentence before it is printed twice in the paper (two figure legends), so the number stays to keep the quote unique; read the quote without it. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Faces first encountered on subject-recruitment posters outside the laboratory produced measurable repetition priming of laboratory familiarity decisions, even when the poster never mentioned face recognition. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Poster priming was reliable across all four experiments but smaller in magnitude than priming from faces seen in the laboratory. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Priming occurred even when the poster faces were seen incidentally and participants were not required to look at them. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Changing the pictured exemplar between prime and test reduced priming by about the same amount in the poster and laboratory conditions, so exemplar change and context change acted additively rather than interactively. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Changing the background colour behind the face between prime and test had no detectable effect on the size of the priming effect. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Explicit episodic memory for the poster faces was very poor: they neither interfered as distractors nor were recognised at anything like the rate of laboratory faces. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The authors conclude that face priming does not require reinstating the environmental context of the priming episode, since medium, venue, experimenter presence and task all differed. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. A methodological consequence drawn is that researchers testing famous-face recognition must screen out participants who saw those faces in any earlier, apparently unrelated study. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. repetition priming repetition priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. episodic account of priming episodic account of priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. structural models of repetition priming structural models of repetition priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. context context Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. background color background color Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. wording on the posters wording on the posters Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. place of priming place of priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. exemplar exemplar Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 622 msec / 611 msec / 737 msec — Experiment 1 mean familiarity-decision times for poster-primed, lab-primed and unprimed famous faces Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 773 msec / 678 msec / 822 msec — Experiment 2 mean response times for incidentally poster-primed, lab-primed and unprimed faces, showing significant but weaker poster priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. F(l,46) = l7.45, p < .001 — Experiment 3 effect of same versus different pictorial exemplar on the amount of priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 51% — Proportion of poster faces that participants recognised as previously seen in the direct test of episodic memory, against 95% for lab faces Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 95% / 33% / 15% — Replication hit rates for lab faces and poster faces plus the false-positive rate, confirming very weak explicit memory for poster faces Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03201159.