Posterior parietal cortex: An interface between attention and learning?

Posterior parietal cortex: An interface between attention and learning? Bucci

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Posterior parietal cortex: An interface between attention and learning? 2009 Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 10.1016/j.nlm.2008.07.004 Bucci2009-posterior-parietal-cortex-an-interface-betwe Bucci2009-posterior-parietal-cortex-an-interface-betwe.txt, the project's staged copy 557b9455df5f7aa8af1d3a567ce322205e584d02 not-redistributable neuroscience

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them the rat posterior parietal cortex and what it contributes to attention and working memory Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. whether the rat PPC is functionally homologous to the primate PPC, and why the behavioural literature disagrees with itself Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. reconciles a contradictory literature by sorting studies according to whether their lesions respected the current definition of PPC and what the task actually demanded, and proposes PPC as an interface between attention and learning Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanism Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. posterior parietal cortex function in attention and working memory in rats Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. review review Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms PPC serves as the link that converts an increase in attention to a stimulus whose meaning has changed into enhanced subsequent associative learning Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms PPC damage leaves orienting (the attentional response) intact but blocks the translation of that attentional change into learning Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms PPC output travels through postrhinal, entorhinal and perirhinal cortex to the hippocampus, giving an anatomical route by which parietal processing shapes learning Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms PPC is recruited specifically when a stimulus loses its predictive validity, which is why it is needed for extradimensional shifts but not for well-learned monitoring Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. PPC is proposed to link attentional change to associative learning: lesioned rats orient normally to a cue whose meaning changed but cannot convert that into learning Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the anatomical route is PPC to postrhinal cortex to medial entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex and hippocampus Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Pearce-Hall: a stimulus captures attention when its meaning surprisingly changes, which then enhances learning about it Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. removing cholinergic input to PPC impairs learning only in the Surprise condition, leaving the Consistent condition intact Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. a double dissociation: the same cholinergic lesion kills surprise-induced learning but leaves five-choice serial reaction time performance untouched Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. immediate-early gene expression rises in PPC when the predictive relationship between stimuli is violated Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the proposed split: PPC is not needed for attention that guides a well-learned task, but is needed when a stimulus changes meaning Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Because the anatomical definition of PPC has varied across studies, results cannot be compared cleanly and firm functional conclusions are hard to draw. what this limits: any comparison across the PPC literature: THE REGIONAL BOUNDARIES OF PPC HAVE VARIED ACROSS STUDIES, MAKING IT DIFFICULT TO COMPARE RESULTS AND FURTHER COMPLICATING ATTEMPTS TO DRAW FIRM CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE FUNCTION OF PPC IN RATS Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Any verdict on rat-primate functional homology for attention is premature given how few studies restricted damage to PPC as currently defined. what this limits: the rat-primate homology verdict for attention: DRAWING CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE FUNCTIONAL HOMOLOGY (OR LACK THEREOF) BETWEEN THE RAT AND PRIMATE PPC WITH REGARD TO ATTENTION MAY BE PREMATURE Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The evidence base is almost entirely lesion/inactivation work, with very little electrophysiological recording during attentional manipulations. what this limits: any claim about PPC activity during attention: THERE IS A PAUCITY OF ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES INVESTIGATING NEURAL ACTIVITY IN PPC DURING ATTENTIONAL MANIPULATIONS Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The review deliberately excludes the spatial learning and navigation literature on PPC. what this limits: spatial learning and navigation, excluded by the review: STUDIES INVOLVING SPATIAL LEARNING AND NAVIGATION WILL NOT BE INCLUDED SINCE THEY ARE THE TOPIC OF SEVERAL OTHER ARTICLES IN THIS ISSUE Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the regional boundaries of PPC have varied across studies, which the review states makes results incomparable what this limits: the same scope as limitations[0] - cross-study comparison, defeated by a moving boundary Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. aspiration and electrolytic lesions cannot separate damage to an area from destruction of fibres of passage what this limits: attributing a function to the AREA rather than to what runs through it: THE ASPIRATION AND ELECTROLYTIC TECHNIQUES USED IN THESE STUDIES PREVENT A FUNCTIONAL ROLE FROM BEING ASCRIBED TO A SPECIFIC CORTICAL AREA DISTINCT FROM DESTRUCTION OF FIBERS OF PASSAGE Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. many of the informative lesions were not restricted to PPC, so their effects could have come from outside it what this limits: the neglect and inattention findings: THOSE STUDIES DID NOT RESTRICT DAMAGE TO PPC AS IT IS CURRENTLY DEFINED, so the symptoms need not come from PPC Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the rat cannot fixate a central point, so the covert-attention task had to be rebuilt and may not measure the same thing what this limits: the rat covert-attention task: EYE MOVEMENT IS ALSO UNRESTRICTED DURING THE PROCEDURE AND RAISES THE ISSUE OF WHETHER OR NOT THE SAME COVERT ATTENTIONAL MECHANISMS ARE BEING MEASURED Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. a negative homology result may be a failed task translation rather than a real species difference what this limits: the negative homology result: ALTHOUGH THE CURRENT DATA MAY INDICATE THAT THE RAT AND PRIMATE PPC DO NOT HAVE SIMILAR ROLES IN COVERT ATTENTIONAL ORIENTING, IT SEEMS HIGHLY LIKELY THAT THE PROCEDURES USED WITH HUMANS AND MONKEY WERE NOT COMPARABLE Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. activity in PPC does not establish that PPC is necessary for the task what this limits: necessity claims: ACTIVITY IN PPC DOES NOT NECESSARILY INDICATE THAT THE REGION IS ESSENTIAL FOR TASK PERFORMANCE Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. there is a paucity of electrophysiological studies of PPC during attentional manipulation duplicate of: limitations[2] · what this limits: the same scope as limitations[2] - the recording literature that would settle it does not exist Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the proposed subregions of rat PPC are treated as one area because no functional differences have been described what this limits: the treatment of rat PPC as a single area: RECENT STUDIES HAVE BEGUN TO PARCEL THE RAT PPC INTO SUBREGIONS BASED PRIMARILY ON CYTOARCHITECTURAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL DIFFERENCES, and to date few functional differences have been described Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Posner's covert orienting paradigm, rebuilt for rats - the transfer this review argues may have failed in translation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the Wisconsin Card Sorting task, transferred as a rodent perceptual set-shifting procedure Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the Pearce-Hall account of attention as driven by violated prediction, used as the framework for interpreting lesion effects Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. PPC in rats is defined by thalamic and cortical connectivity plus cytoarchitecture, NOT by function - and the review says the definition changed, earlier studies having used a larger area Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. attention is split by this review into two senses with different substrates: attention directing performance on a well-learned task (frontal), and attention engaged when a stimulus changes meaning (parietal) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. covert orienting cannot mean the same thing in rat and primate, because the rat version permits eye movement and requires a nosepoke instead of fixation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. neglect is characterised as an attentional deficit rather than a sensory one, because it occurs without sensory or motor loss and across modalities Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. functional homology is treated as an open empirical question distinct from anatomical homology, which is granted Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. claim_type: critique a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: mechanism — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. method: narrative review, triaging behavioural studies by lesion extent relative to the connectivity-based definition of PPC and by task demand a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: review — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. phenomenon: attention and its effect on associative learning a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: posterior parietal cortex function in attention and working memory in rats — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Bucci & Chess, 2005; Bucci et al., 1998; Maddux et al., 2007 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. qualifies → reports of contralateral neglect after posterior cortical lesions in rats Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. reconciles → the contradictory literature on rat PPC and attention, by task demand Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. qualifies → the inference that rat and primate PPC differ functionally in covert orienting Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. supports → a role for PPC in attention required when a stimulus changes meaning Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. contradicts → a significant role for rat PPC in working memory, particularly non-spatial Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. distinguishes-from → the central nucleus of the amygdala, which affects conditioned orienting where PPC does not differs in: THE AXIS IS WHICH KIND OF ORIENTING, AND THE TWO STRUCTURES ARE ALIKE ON ONE AND DIFFER ON THE OTHER. 'Like PPC-lesioned rats, those with central nucleus damage exhibited normal unconditioned orienting. However, RE-EMERGENCE OF THE CONDITIONED ORIENTING RESPONSE FOLLOWING REINFORCEMENT WAS IMPAIRED IN CENTRAL NUCLEUS LESIONED RATS, BUT NOT PPC-LESIONED RATS.' A study measuring only unconditioned orienting would find the two lesions equivalent. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. PPC —distinct-from→ prefrontal cortex PPC prefrontal cortex strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: a dissociation by task type: attention guiding a well-learned task depends on frontal systems, not PPC Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says this type of attention depends on FRONTAL systems, in contrast to PPC by implication; distinct-from is implied, not stated. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. PPC —distinct-from→ central nucleus of the amygdala PPC central nucleus of the amygdala strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: same pathway, different roles - conditioned orienting is impaired by one and not the other Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but endpoint by anaphora: 'central nucleus' = central nucleus of the amygdala (previous sentence). Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extradimensional shift —contrasted-with→ intradimensional shift extradimensional shift intradimensional shift strength of the relation: 1 · note: RE-GROUNDS another row of this record: the relation was always stated, the endpoint names were not in the span. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Reviewing the rat literature, the author concludes that current evidence does not establish that rat PPC serves the same attentional or working-memory functions as primate PPC. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The available data suggest PPC may not be critical for sustained attention. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Most studies of a PPC role in rat working memory, especially in non-spatial tasks, found null results. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. PPC lesions left orienting responses to a light intact, indicating no deficit in this overt form of attention. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. By contrast, PPC lesions selectively worsened learning after an extradimensional shift while sparing intradimensional performance. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Removing cholinergic input to PPC selectively impaired learning in the surprise group. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Immediate-early gene expression rose in PPC specifically when the predictive relationship between stimuli was violated, showing increased PPC activity during attentional change. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the regional boundaries of PPC have varied across studies, making results hard to compare Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. lesions restricted to PPC gave no evidence of somatosensory neglect WHOSE RESULT THIS IS: Ward and Brown (1997) found - THE EVIDENCE FOR THIS ROW ATTRIBUTES THE WORK TO SOMEBODY ELSE. The cited name is the subject of a result verb and the sentence carries no first-person marker, so the finding, quantity or definition is the CITED author's rather than this record's. The claim is true and the quote is verbatim - what is wrong is whose result the corpus says it is. Nothing edited, nothing withdrawn: the row is marked so a page can name the source. Where the record is a commentary or review, its claim relations layer usually already names the paper being discussed - the record knows at one layer and forgets at another. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the two null-result studies defined PPC differently, so the nulls are unlikely to reflect insufficient damage Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. PPC damage impaired discrimination after an extradimensional shift, suggesting a role in attention when a stimulus's meaning changes Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. cholinergic denervation of PPC removed surprise-induced learning enhancement but not consistent-condition learning Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. most studies of rat PPC in working memory produced null results Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. inactivating PPC mattered only when the task required working memory together with long-term memory WHOSE RESULT THIS IS: The authors found - THE EVIDENCE FOR THIS ROW ATTRIBUTES THE WORK TO SOMEBODY ELSE. The cited name is the subject of a result verb and the sentence carries no first-person marker, so the finding, quantity or definition is the CITED author's rather than this record's. The claim is true and the quote is verbatim - what is wrong is whose result the corpus says it is. Nothing edited, nothing withdrawn: the row is marked so a page can name the source. Where the record is a commentary or review, its claim relations layer usually already names the paper being discussed - the record knows at one layer and forgets at another. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. rat and primate PPC share very similar connectivity, yet the functional data do not fully support a similar role Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. PPC PPC Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. contralateral sensory neglect contralateral sensory neglect Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. neglect neglect Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. covert orienting of attention covert orienting of attention Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extradimensional shift extradimensional shift Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. unconditioned orienting unconditioned orienting Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Pearce-Hall theory Pearce-Hall theory Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. boundaries of PPC boundaries of PPC Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. contralateral neglect contralateral neglect Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. reaction time reaction time Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 3.5 to 5.0 mm posterior to bregma and 1.0 to 5.0 mm lateral — Stereotaxic boundaries of the rat posterior parietal cortex as the review defines it, on which the whole comparison of studies rests Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 3.5 to 5.0 mm posterior to bregma and 1.5 to 5.0 mm lateral — the PPC boundary as stated in section 2.1, attributed to Chandler 1992 and Reep 1994 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 3.5 to 5.0 mm posterior to bregma and 1.0 to 5.0 mm lateral — the PPC boundary as stated in the conclusions, attributed to the SAME two sources - the lateral extent differs by 0.5 mm from the value given earlier in the same paper Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. immediate-early gene expression immediate-early gene expression Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2008.07.004.