The influence of intention on masked priming: A study with semantic classification of words

The influence of intention on masked priming: A study with semantic classification of words Eckstein Perrig

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The influence of intention on masked priming: A study with semantic classification of words 2007 Cognition 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.07.005 Eckstein2007-the-influence-of-intention-on-masked-priming Eckstein2007-the-influence-of-intention-on-masked-priming.txt, the project's staged copy 693ada6388e02109c6c7bfd8602b04b52590f5c8 not-redistributable cognitive-psychology

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them critique Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. masked semantic priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. behavioural-experiment behavioural-experiment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms An intention instantiates a task-set that pre-tunes the automatic perceptual-classification-response chain, so masked primes are run through the same task-defined categorization as targets and interfere at the response stage Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Above-chance prime discrimination arises because forced-choice responding under uncertainty recruits the very same practised automatic classification processes, not because the primes were consciously seen Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The results do not settle whether the priming effects rest on conscious or nonconscious prime perception. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Experiment 4's masked-vs-unmasked comparison was underpowered for small differences. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Semantic processing of primes in this paradigm is bounded by what was practised beforehand, limiting claims about semantic depth. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. participants were randomly assigned to the evaluative-decision or the animacy-decision task eliminates: that a difference between the two decision tasks is a difference between the people doing them · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. unconscious perception unconscious perception Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. intentional control intentional control Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. automatic automatic Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. masked priming masked priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. IT ARGUES IN 2007 WHAT hesselmann2016 OFFERS IN 2016 AS SPECULATION: `Quotation withheld. We challenge this view by arguing that some automatic processes may indeed be under intentional control.` hesselmann2016 closes with `SPECULATIVELY, the category task might have DESENSITIZED perceptual pathways ... the shape task SENSITIZED` them, citing Kiefer 2012. This paper made it the thesis of three experiments nine years earlier, and the 2016 paper does not cite it. Two records, one claim, nine years, no link - the corpus can show that without asserting anyone should have known Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND THE AWARENESS RESULT CUTS ACROSS Finkbeiner2011 FROM THE OTHER SIDE: `Quotation withheld.` The same primes are above chance under one awareness test and at chance under another. Finkbeiner2011 argues the prime-classification task UNDERESTIMATES awareness because it is harder; this shows the answer depends on WHICH TASK, not only how hard. Every subliminal claim in this corpus rests on a single such test Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND ONE SENTENCE MAKES THE WHOLE FRAMING AWKWARD: `priming was as pronounced when the primes were visible as when they were invisible.` If visibility does not change the effect, awareness was never the variable. Schmidt2010 reaches the same place from a different paradigm - a qualitative dissociation with the stimuli in plain view - and this is the second record today to arrive there. Two papers, two methods, one conclusion the masked-priming literature is organised against Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND THE MECHANISM IS THE TASK, NOT THE STIMULUS: `Quotation withheld.` Same words, same masks, same subjects - only the instruction changed, and the priming changed with it. That is a manipulation of the observer rather than of the stimulus, which is rare in this corpus and is why the result bears on what `automatic` can mean Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Klinger et al. (2000); Draine & Greenwald, 1998; Greenwald et al., 1995 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. replicates → Klinger et al. (2000), Experiment 1 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. contradicts → Logan, 1988; Pashler & Baylis, 1991; Singley & Anderson, 1989 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Hommel, 2000; Monsell, 1996; Neumann, 1990 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. automatic —distinct-from→ intentional control automatic intentional control strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: THE ENTAILMENT THE PAPER BREAKS, AND IT IS THE CLEANEST THING IN THE RECORD. The field treats 'automatic' as implying 'not under intentional control'; Eckstein and Perrig argue 'some automatic…'. So the two properties come apart, and 'distinct-from' says exactly that. Weight 0.95: both terms are in the quote and the separation is the article's whole contribution. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ANOVA ANOVA Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. t-test t-test Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. signal detection sensitivity index signal detection sensitivity index Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. correlation correlation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. planned contrast planned contrast Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. power analysis power analysis Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. alpha level alpha level Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. standard deviation standard deviation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. With one and the same word set, masked priming appeared only on the dimension the current task required: valence congruency affected only the valence task and animacy congruency only the animacy task. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. A brand-new, never-practised classification (a disjunction/conjunction of the two practised categories) produced larger task-relevant priming than the simple single-dimension tasks did. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Prime discrimination in the direct test was clearly above chance in both groups (accuracy 0.66 and 0.74). Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Participants could not discriminate masked word from nonword primes in a lexical decision task. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Unmasking the primes did not cancel priming. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Amount of priming was unrelated to how well an individual could discriminate the primes. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The main effect of test half was not significant. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. short-lived priming short-lived priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming effect priming effect Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. affect priming affect priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. combined priming combined priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. task-set task-set Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. test task test task Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prime masking prime masking Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. accuracy of target classification responses accuracy of target classification responses Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prime discrimination prime discrimination Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. stimulus set stimulus set Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. F(1, 22) = 29.85, p < .001 — the task x type-of-priming interaction in Experiment 1, showing priming was confined to the task-relevant dimension Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. F(1, 14) = 20.95, p < .001 — the same interaction in Experiment 3, where the task was switched within subjects every 16 trials Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. da = 0.42 — prime discrimination in Experiment 3, above chance despite the shortened 42 ms prime Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. t(7) = 3.51, p = .01 vs t(6) = 1.67, p = .15 — lexical-decision prime discrimination was above zero only for unmasked primes, not for masked ones Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 0.91 — post-hoc statistical power to detect a borderline-conscious discrimination effect (da = 0.3) in the masked group Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 482 ms — the deadline within which classification responses had to be produced under the response-window procedure Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 56 ms — prime presentation duration in Experiments 1 and 2, between a 156 ms premask and a 14 ms postmask Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 60% — share of inaccurate responses on incongruent trials even when primes were fully visible Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 26 — number of participants recruited for Experiment 1 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2006.07.005.