From reaction (‘priming’) to motivated selection: changing conceptualizations of accessibility

From reaction (‘priming’) to motivated selection: changing conceptualizations of accessibility Eitam Tory Higgins

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From reaction (‘priming’) to motivated selection: changing conceptualizations of accessibility 2016 Current Opinion in Psychology 10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.017 Eitam2016-from-reaction-priming-to-motivated-selection Eitam2016-from-reaction-priming-to-motivated-selection.txt, the project's staged copy d959c7bbd9a824bcda8160ed3ff654c0af6e0265 not-redistributable social-psychology

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them mechanism Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mental accessibility Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. review review Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Motivational relevance gates the activation of semantic knowledge, so a stimulus that is not relevant to truth, control or value fails to make its corresponding knowledge functionally available Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Feedback that a shared reality failed retroactively lowers the truth relevance of the tuned message, which lowers its accessibility and hence its influence on recall Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The paper deliberately restricts itself to how accessibility has been conceptualised and does not assess whether the hypotheses it reviews are empirically supported. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The authors characterise their own mechanistic model of accessibility as crude. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the priming method and the surrounding cluster of concepts (availability, accessibility, activation, applicability) were imported into social psychology, where their nature was altered to fit social-cognitive phenomena Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. accessibility accessibility Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. applicability applicability Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. relevance relevance Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. goals goals Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mental representations mental representations Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. accessibility, FIRST GENERATION - a tendency to be activated, fixed by the frequency and recency of exposure and nothing else. Every stage from stimulus to activation is passive and depends only on exposure history, which is exactly why a selective stage had to be added next Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. applicability - introduced to solve an OVER-PREDICTION: if accessibility were the whole story every accessible construct would be used, and they are not. Defined as the match between selected features of the stimulus and of the activated concept, and named by these authors as the precursor to their own principle of relevance Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. accessibility, IN ROAR - redefined from a property fixed by exposure history into one proportional to MOTIVATIONAL RELEVANCE: knowledge is `functionally available` to cognitive processes to the degree that it matters to the organism's current concerns. The same word, with the causal direction reversed Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the paper's own methodological stance, stated once and worth the layer: the CHANGING UNDERSTANDING of a concept is treated as a SEPARATE ISSUE from whether the hypotheses that carried it were empirically verified. That separation is what lets a history of a term be written at all while its results are under dispute Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Higgins' parsing of motivation (reference [24]) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. relevance —causes→ accessibility relevance accessibility direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: THE REVERSAL THE WHOLE PAPER IS ABOUT. Accessibility stops being a property fixed by how often and how recently something was met, and becomes one proportional to how much it matters to the organism now. Same word, opposite causal direction, thirty years apart. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says a relevance framework can accommodate diverse results; the sign is not stated. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. goals —is-a→ mental representations goals mental representations strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: The third generation's move: goals are folded INTO the representational machinery rather than added beside it, so everything already true of concept activation becomes true of goal activation without further argument. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Merely designating one of two locations as task-relevant produces a blindness to information at the other location, as ROAR predicts. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Participants 'blind' to irrelevant Kanizsa inducers still showed the illusion, judging the illusory shape's orientation. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The biased memory effect disappears when participants learn just before recall that their reality was not shared by the audience. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The memory bias does not occur when participants tune merely to be polite or to ingratiate, though tuning is at least as great. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ROAR ROAR Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. applicability applicability Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. irrelevance induced blindness irrelevance induced blindness Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. sources of motivational relevance sources of motivational relevance Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. up to 25% — share of participants who could not report the colour of the task-irrelevant inner circle Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 500 ms — unmasked presentation duration of the irrelevant concentric circle that participants still failed to report Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.017.