Associative priming and conflict differentially affect two processes underlying cognitive control: Evidence from reaching behavior

Associative priming and conflict differentially affect two processes underlying cognitive control: Evidence from reaching behavior Erb McBride Marcovitch

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Associative priming and conflict differentially affect two processes underlying cognitive control: Evidence from reaching behavior 2019 Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 10.3758/s13423-019-01576-y Erb2019-associative-priming-and-conflict-differentia Erb2019-associative-priming-and-conflict-differentia.txt, the project's staged copy 8a00ed05e175b9fc86cf37cc8dd832e07d4587fa not-redistributable cognitive-psychology

the paper's own words

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them mechanism Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. congruency sequence effect in the Stroop task Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. behavioural-experiment behavioural-experiment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Coactivation of competing responses on incongruent trials raises the response threshold, lengthening motoric stopping and thus slowing initiation, with the raised threshold carrying over into the next trial Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Overlap between the current and previous trial's stimulus-response features either helps or hinders the formation of the appropriate stimulus-response pair, and that facilitation or interference shows up as more or less reach curvature Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The study used only a reach-tracking task, so it cannot say whether button-press response times would show the same pattern. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The task did not separate stimulus-level from response-level conflict and did not control contingency-learning effects; the authors call for tasks that do. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. every individual trial was VISUALLY INSPECTED and those where the automatic threshold missed part of the movement were identified eliminates: that the movement measures are corrupted by an automatic threshold that mis-segments the reaching trajectory · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. a practice block of 24 Stroop trials preceded the experiment eliminates: that early Stroop performance reflects unfamiliarity rather than conflict · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. associative priming associative priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. conflict adaptation conflict adaptation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. CSE CSE Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. initiation times initiation times Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. reach curvatures reach curvatures Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. PRIMING AS THE CONFOUND RATHER THAN THE PHENOMENON, WHICH THIS CORPUS HAS ALMOST NONE OF: `Quotation withheld.` Two accounts of one effect, and the priming account needs no control process at all - if the current trial repeats the previous trial's stimulus and response, the pairing was already formed. So a CSE is not evidence for cognitive control until the overlap is removed. Every other record I have tagged treats priming as the object of study; here it is the alternative explanation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND THE AUTHORS SAY PLAINLY THAT THE EARLIER WORK - INCLUDING THEIR OWN - LEAVES THE QUESTION OPEN: `Quotation withheld.` The preceding sentence - that earlier tasks did not control for those confounds - is fused in the staged text and cannot be quoted. This is a whole literature's results placed in doubt by the people who produced some of them, and it is what motivates the design rather than a limitation conceded at the end Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE DISSOCIATION IS PRODUCED BY A CONTROL RATHER THAN BY A MANIPULATION, WHICH IS THE RARER AND STRONGER FORM: initiation times showed the effect `on BOTH confound-minimized and confound-laden trials`; reach curvatures showed it `on confound-laden but not on confound-minimized trials`. Nothing was added to the design - something was taken away, and one of the two measures lost its effect with it. A dissociation obtained by subtraction cannot be explained by whatever the added factor also did, which is the usual objection to the added-manipulation kind Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND THE STROOP TASK APPEARS HERE AS APPARATUS, NOT AS SUBJECT: a three-response, reach-tracking version, 84 years after Stroop 1935, used to ask about trial-to-trial control rather than about interference. The corpus now holds the founding paper and a paper that treats it as equipment - and the pair is worth more than either, because it shows what happens to a paradigm when it stops being a finding and becomes a method Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → Erb & Marcovitch (2018a, 2018b); Erb et al. (2016, 2018b) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. replicates → Schmidt & De Houwer (2011); Weissman, Jiang, & Egner (2014) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. contradicts → Scherbaum, Dshemuchadse, Fischer, and Goschke (2010, Exp. 2) differs in: THE AXIS IS WHETHER STIMULUS REPETITIONS ARE EXCLUDED. 'Scherbaum, Dshemuchadse, Fischer, and Goschke (2010, Exp. 2) OBSERVED A SIGNIFICANT CSE in participants' hand movements in a mouse-tracking version of the Simon task, Quotation withheld, whereas th[is study]...' The disagreement is between two analyses of the same confound, not between two claims about the effect. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. associative priming —causes→ CSE associative priming CSE strength of the relation: 0.7 · note: ONE OF TWO RIVAL ACCOUNTS, AND 'has been attributed to' IS THE HEDGE, INSIDE THE QUOTE. This edge is not the paper's finding - it is the position the paper tests. Weight 0.7 because the sentence reports an attribution in the literature rather than a result here, and because this paper's own data cut both ways: the curvature CSE disappears when the priming confound is removed (so priming was carrying it) while the initiation-time CSE does not (so priming was not). A corpus that recorded only the surviving effect would lose the reason anyone doubted it. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the CSE 'HAS BEEN ATTRIBUTED' to associative priming among other factors, in a debate; causes is hedged. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. conflict adaptation —causes→ CSE conflict adaptation CSE strength of the relation: 0.7 · note: THE OTHER RIVAL, on the same sentence and at the same weight, deliberately. The two edges are symmetrical because the quote is symmetrical - it lists both without choosing. Recording one and not the other would make the corpus take a side the sentence does not take, and the paper's contribution is precisely that it separates them empirically rather than arguing for one. The separation lives in the third sense. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the CSE 'HAS BEEN ATTRIBUTED' to conflict adaptation among other factors, in a debate; causes is hedged. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. associative priming —contrasted-with→ conflict adaptation associative priming conflict adaptation strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: THIS IS THE EDGE THE PAPER IS ABOUT, and it is the only one of the three that carries the paper's own claim rather than the literature's. The two accounts predict the same effect and differ in whether a control process is needed at all - one is top-down regulation, the other is feature repetition requiring nothing. Weight 0.9: the contrast is explicit in the quote and the whole design exists to resolve it. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but associative priming and conflict adaptation are two of the factors the CSE has been attributed to; contrasted-with is loose. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ANOVA ANOVA Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. F-test F-test Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. p-value p-value Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. effect size (partial eta squared) effect size (partial eta squared) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. standard deviation standard deviation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mean mean Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. standard error standard error Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Initiation times showed the same pattern of effects (cC < iC < cI < iI) regardless of associative-priming effects. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. A curvature CSE appeared on set-repeat trials, which carried substantial associative priming, but not on confound-minimized trials. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The size of the curvature CSE was itself reliably larger on set repeat than on confound-minimized trials. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. On confound-minimized trials reach curvature responded only to current congruency, with no carry-over from the previous trial and no interaction. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Error rates on confound-minimized trials tracked current congruency alone, mirroring the curvature pattern. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. congruency sequence effect (CSE) congruency sequence effect (CSE) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. curvature curvature Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. confound-minimized trials confound-minimized trials Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. initiation time initiation time Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. movement time movement time Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. current congruency current congruency Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. previous congruency previous congruency Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. associative-priming confounds associative-priming confounds Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. initiation time initiation time Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. reach curvature reach curvature Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. error rate error rate Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. visual acuity visual acuity Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 45 — number of adult participants tested in the reach-tracking Stroop task Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. M = 19.7 years, SD = 3.0 — mean and standard deviation of participant age in the final sample Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. F(1, 44) = 4.18, p = .047, ηp 2 = .09 — test of whether the curvature CSE was larger on set repeat than on confound-minimized trials Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 6% — share of experimental trials discarded (errors plus post-error trials) before analysing the timing and curvature measures Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 3.4% (SD = 3.0%) — average per-participant share of trials whose movement-onset threshold had to be adjusted by hand Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. approximately 160 Hz — sampling rate of the electromagnetic motion-tracking system recording the reach Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01576-y.