Toward a theory of media priming

Toward a theory of media priming Hoewe

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Toward a theory of media priming 2020 Annals of the International Communication Association 10.1080/23808985.2020.1815232 Hoewe2020-toward-a-theory-of-media-priming Hoewe2020-toward-a-theory-of-media-priming.txt, the project's staged copy 12659e3219cfcc71e832738eb044604e8b7f3654 not-redistributable media-and-communication-studies

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them mechanism Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. media priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. review review Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms A prime spreads activation through an associative memory network, and because only a few activated nodes reach conscious awareness the resulting judgment cannot be traced back to its source. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Media priming works by activating nodes or networks of nodes in associative memory outside the media consumer's immediate awareness. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Awareness cancels the effect: once people notice the prime or deliberate about the source of their decision they correct for it, which is why the effect requires unawareness. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms A gap between desired and actual confidence in a political judgment motivates a switch from System 1 to System 2, which is why evaluations of political actors can be made within awareness. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The paper sets aside the argument that System 1 / System 2 dichotomisation is itself inadequate, treating it as out of scope. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The paper imports the dual-process account of cognition wholesale and uses it as the machinery for distinguishing media priming from political priming in communication research. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Chooses Kahneman's and Stanovich and West's System 1 / System 2 vocabulary, in preference to the communication field's own ELM and HSM, as the framework for the new theory. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. media priming media priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. political priming political priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. System 1 System 1 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. System 2 System 2 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. agenda setting agenda setting Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prime prime Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. awareness awareness Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. learning learning Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming, at its most basic - the presentation of a stimulus and the effects it causes, with the PRIME separated out as the portion of the stimulus responsible. The paper starts from the least contested version and then shows it does not survive contact with the field Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming per Bargh 2016, quoted at length as the best available clarification - PASSIVE, UNINTENDED, and not accurately reportable. The definition works by exclusion: an explicit instruction is not priming because the person intends it, and presenting new information is LEARNING rather than passive activation of what is already in the head Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. media priming, the paper's own sense - restricted to System 1 and defined by the consumer's INABILITY TO TRACE the influence. A sense drawn as a limit on an existing word rather than a new mechanism Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. political priming, the sense inherited from agenda setting - media coverage makes an issue salient and the consumer then weighs it when judging a politician. The paper's point is that this can be a CONSCIOUS application, which is what puts it outside media priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. awareness, as the paper narrows it - NOT awareness of the stimulus but awareness of the INFLUENCE of the prime within it. The narrowing is what makes the boundary testable, because a consumer can watch an advertisement knowingly and still be primed by it Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the operational test for the boundary, which is the part most definitional papers omit: ask whether the participant can identify the prime, and if they can, the study is not studying media priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Bargh (2016) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Kahneman (2011) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Roskos-Ewoldsen et al. (2007, 2009) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Lenz (2009) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. media priming —part-of→ System 1 media priming System 1 strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: The core proposal, and it is stated as a restriction - 'can only occur within System 1' - so the edge is a containment rather than a cause. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. political priming —part-of→ System 2 political priming System 2 strength of the relation: 0.6 — the record marks this weak · note: WEIGHTED FOR ITS OWN HEDGING. The paper says 'entirely plausible', not demonstrated, and immediately concedes System 1 remains possible. What it does assert is the consequence: only one of the two routes fits the theory. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but political priming 'COULD occur' through System 2; part-of is hedged. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. political priming —distinct-from→ media priming political priming media priming differs in: WHETHER THE PROCESSING HAPPENS INSIDE THE CONSUMER'S AWARENESS - both may run on accessibility, and that shared mechanism is exactly why the two have been treated as one thing · strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: The paper's central separation, and it grants the similarity before drawing the line: same accessibility mechanism, different awareness. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. political priming —part-of→ agenda setting political priming agenda setting strength of the relation: 0.7 · note: Attributed to a long list of media-effects scholars rather than argued here, and hedged with 'can act as' - hence 0.7. It is the genealogy that explains why one field has two incompatible senses of one word. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. learning —distinct-from→ political priming learning political priming strength of the relation: 0.85 · note: Lenz's charge, reported by this paper: the political-priming findings were consumers LEARNING which issues the media covered. If that is right the effect leaves the priming category altogether rather than moving to the other side of this paper's boundary - a third option the System 1 / System 2 split does not provide for. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The paper proposes that media priming, properly defined, occurs only within System 1 processing, when a media stimulus produces a reaction whose source the consumer cannot trace. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Media priming and political priming are separated by awareness rather than by accessibility: the first works outside awareness, the second may work inside it. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Political priming could occur through System 1, but it could just as plausibly occur through System 2 processing. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The review identifies two divergent research camps using the same word 'priming' with different operationalizations and different effect patterns. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. If the consumer can identify the prime that influenced their response, the effect is not counted as media priming. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Applying the criterion to an existing study of terrorism news framing shows it does not qualify as media priming because participants demonstrably noticed the manipulated phrase. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. media priming media priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prime prime Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. political priming political priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. System 1 System 1 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. System 2 System 2 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. law of least effort law of least effort Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. sufficiency principle sufficiency principle Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1815232.