standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| second reading | alternatives | an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees |
| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| contribution | contribution | what the paper claims to add |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| research question | research_question | the question the paper sets itself |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 9 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | how learning changes the stimulus selectivity and the mutual interactions of pyramidal cells and three classes of GABAergic interneuron at once Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| research_question | whether an interneuron class responds and changes as one functional unit, and whether learning can make a specific class selective for the behaviorally relevant stimulus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | research_question | the paper's words | |
| contribution | PV cells become as selective as pyramidal cells and less tied to the local network, PYR-PV subnetworks emerge, and SOM cells decouple and appear to gate how much any pyramidal cell can change Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | contribution | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | learning-induced stimulus selectivity in visual cortical interneurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | calcium-imaging Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: calcium-imaging | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | PYR to PV interaction weights become specific for stimulus preference, so PV cells integrate selectively from the pyramidal cells that share their preference rather than from the neighbourhood at large Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | and the increased PV selectivity then feeds back - deleting PV to PYR weights reduces pyramidal selectivity more after learning than before Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | SOM cells inhibit apical dendrites, so a pyramidal cell whose activity is correlated with the SOM population receives dendritic inhibition timed with its bottom-up drive and cannot pair it with top-down input Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[5] | 0.8 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | Quotation withheld, and the activity of SOM cells became strongly decorrelated, so they seemed to become uncoupled from the local network Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The proposed local versus long-range connectivity account of the PV and SOM changes is a hypothesis the study did not test directly. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the connectivity account of the PV and SOM changes: THESE HYPOTHESES COULD BE TESTED DIRECTLY BY ASSESSING THE LOCAL AND LONG-RANGE CONNECTIVITY ... IN NAIVE AND EXPERT MICE - named as future work | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The study cannot say how much of the observed single-cell heterogeneity is explained by cell-type diversity within an interneuron class, or how it varies by brain state and region. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any reading of the single-cell variability: THE CHALLENGE FOR FUTURE STUDIES IS TO ESTABLISH THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE HETEROGENEOUS BEHAVIOR OF SINGLE CELLS IS CAPTURED BY THE DIVERSITY OF CELL TYPES WITHIN AN INTERNEURON CLASS | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | the two accounts of PV selectivity - external drive against selective local input - are separated by a prediction about co-fluctuations rather than by a manipulation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the mechanism behind the PV selectivity change: PV CELLS MIGHT BECOME MORE STRONGLY INFLUENCED BY EXTERNAL ... INPUTS ... ALTERNATIVELY, INDIVIDUAL PV CELLS MIGHT ACQUIRE MORE SELECTIVE INPUT FROM SUBSETS OF PYR CELLS - two accounts, no measurement between them | limitations[2] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | and the connectivity the model infers has not been measured; the direct test is named as future work Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. duplicate of: limitations[0] · what this limits: the same scope as limitations[0] - the inferred connectivity has not been measured | limitations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the interneuron class itself is not a reliable label - transgenic and immunohistochemical identification of SOM cells agree only 70% of the time Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: every result reported by interneuron class, at a rate that differs by class: transgenic and immunohistochemical identification agree PV 92.6%, SOM 70.1%, VIP 85.4% | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | and the staged copy is an author manuscript in which three reported statistics are still unfilled placeholders Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the model-fit statistics as printed: the staged copy carries unfilled placeholders where three reported values should be | limitations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | the linear dynamical system, used to turn simultaneous recordings into a weight matrix between identified cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | d-prime style normalisation - the selectivity index is a response difference divided by the pooled standard deviation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[1] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | post-hoc staining registered to the in vivo imaging plane, so that functional records acquire a molecular label Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | loose-patch recording with simultaneous imaging, imported purely to calibrate the indicator against spikes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | the behavioural covariates - eye position, pupil size, eye movements, running and licking - were measured and tested against the learning effect on response selectivity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: that the increase in response selectivity after learning is an artefact of the animal's eye position, arousal or movement rather than a change in the cortical representation · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | the same behavioural covariates tested a second time, against the learning effect on NOISE CORRELATIONS rather than on selectivity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: that the change in noise correlations with learning is an artefact of eye position, arousal or movement · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | selectivity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: selectivity | concepts[0] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | learning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: learning | concepts[1] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | PV Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: PV | concepts[3] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | noise correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: noise correlation | concepts[8] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | recurrent Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: recurrent | concepts[22] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: model | concepts[24] | the paper's words | |
| senses | THE CATEGORY IS ASSUMED TO BE A UNIT: each interneuron class has been suggested to act as a functionally AND THUS COMPUTATIONALLY HOMOGENEOUS unit - and whether learning changes them homogeneously is not clear Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | AND IT IS NOT: responses within each class are HIGHLY HETEROGENEOUS, including increases and decreases in the same class to the same stimulus - broadly different between classes, and heterogeneous within each Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE CATEGORY DOES NOT EVEN BOUND THE CORRELATIONS: activity correlations ACROSS classes can be as high as those WITHIN a class, so functional ensembles SPAN multiple cell types Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | AND THE METHOD BUILT ON THE CATEGORY IS DECLARED INAPPROPRIATE: optogenetic manipulation of ENTIRE CELL CLASSES may not be the right approach, and cellular-resolution targeting may be required instead Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | TWO DEFINITIONS OF THE SAME CLASS, AGREEING 70% OF THE TIME: of transgenically labelled cells also confirmed by immunostaining, PV 92.6%, VIP 85.4% and SOM only 70.1% - with the note that this matters for studies that use mouse lines to categorise cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and measured the other way round the same labels agree above 90%, so the disagreement is DIRECTIONAL - which label is the definition decides the population Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | A NUMBER THAT WAS NEVER PRINTED: the manuscript reports the model's fit as R 2 = xx twice, with only the middle value filled in - the claim is made and the evidence for it is a placeholder Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and again in the constrained fit - the effect is said to be stronger, with P = XX Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE MODEL IS BLIND TO CELL TYPE AND THE CLASSES FALL OUT ANYWAY: interaction weights and their changes over learning differ by cell class although the model never saw the labels Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | TWO RIVAL ACCOUNTS STATED WITH THEIR OPPOSITE PREDICTIONS BEFORE THE MEASUREMENT: external drive would make co-fluctuations DECREASE, selective local input would not - and only the first is consistent with what was found Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | AN INSTRUMENT ARTEFACT RULED OUT BY A SECOND INSTRUMENT: loose-patch spikes recorded with simultaneous imaging show a near-linear rate-to-fluorescence relation, and selectivity computed from inferred firing rate matches selectivity from fluorescence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | with behavior excluded too - eye position, pupil size, eye movements, running and licking cannot account for it, and the change is specific to the task-relevant stimulus and absent in the approach corridor Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE PREDICTOR IS MEASURED BEFORE THE THING IT PREDICTS: coupling to the SOM population in the NAIVE animal predicts how much a pyramidal cell will gain in selectivity, and coupling to PV, VIP or PYR populations does not Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and the proposed mechanism is a gate - high correlation with SOM cells PREVENTS learning-related plasticity, low correlation is permissive Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | A DEBATE SETTLED BY THE FIT: the origins of noise correlations have been debated, and here they are largely accounted for by concurrent functional interactions with simple linear dynamics Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | AND THE GAP IS NAMED: no study yet provides a model-based fit of concurrent activity in multiple identified cell classes that accounts for the influence of the local population on each cell Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| alternatives | claim_type: mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: mechanism — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.claim_type | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | method: a linear dynamical system fit to single-trial activity of all simultaneously imaged cells, with interaction weights deleted or held fixed across learning to ask what each contributes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: calcium-imaging — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.method | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | phenomenon: learning-induced sharpening of cortical representations, decomposed into which cell class changes and which interactions carry the change Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: learning-induced stimulus selectivity in visual cortical interneurons — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.phenomenon | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Poort et al., 2015 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → Kerlin et al., 2010; Bock et al., 2011; Hofer et al., 2011; Scholl et al., 2015 (view that PV cells broadly integrate local pyramidal activity) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | contradicts → the treatment of a molecularly defined interneuron class as a functionally homogeneous unit Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | contradicts → the view that PV cells necessarily pool broadly and therefore stay untuned Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | supports → the account that noise correlations arise from concurrent functional interactions rather than from shared external noise Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → optogenetic manipulation of whole cell classes as a way to study circuit mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | distinguishes-from → the alternative that PV cells simply acquire selective local input without decoupling, which predicts no drop in co-fluctuations Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE AXIS IS A PREDICTION THAT SEPARATES TWO MECHANISMS, AND ONLY ONE MAKES IT. 'Quotation withheld.' Two accounts of the same learning effect - PV cells driven more by external input, or acquiring more selective local input - are indistinguishable in the selectivity data and separated by ONE measurable consequence. I declined to build this row earlier because I could not find the co-fluctuation clause in the span head; it is in the sentence that carries the marker. | claim_relations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | predicts → that local and long-range connectivity of PYR, PV and SOM cells will differ between naive and expert mice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | learning —causes→ selectivity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. holds when: in PYR, PV and SOM cells; the authors state VIP cells are the exception · direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 1 · note: increased in subsets of PYR, PV and SOM cells BUT NOT VIP - the effect is per-class and per-subset, not general also in: learning · selectivity | concept_edges[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | PYR —part-of→ subnetwork Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: PYR to PV interactions reorganized so that stimulus selective PYR-PV subnetworks EMERGED during learning
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says stimulus-selective PYR-PV subnetworks emerged; part-of is loose. also in: PYR · subnetwork | concept_edges[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | SOM —contrasted-with→ VIP Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: the SOM mean does not move but a SUBPOPULATION does - the class average hides the effect | concept_edges[19] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | PYR —causes→ PV Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but PV cells are 'THOUGHT TO broadly integrate' PYR activity, and their selectivity correlated with nearby PYR cells; causes is hedged. | concept_edges[24] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | external input —causes→ PV Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: TWO RIVAL ACCOUNTS WITH OPPOSITE PREDICTIONS STATED BEFORE THE MEASUREMENT: decoupling predicts co-fluctuations DECREASE, selective local input predicts they do not
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but PV cells 'MIGHT become' more influenced by external inputs - one of two hypotheses; causes is hedged. also in: external input · PV | concept_edges[25] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | learning —causes→ noise correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. holds when: in every cell-class pairing EXCEPT SOM-SOM, which the authors report as not significant · direction on the measure: reduces · strength of the relation: 1 · note: decreased within AND between classes, with the single exception of SOM-SOM pairs also in: learning · noise correlation | concept_edges[26] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | interaction weight —causes→ noise correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: A NUMBER THAT WAS NEVER PRINTED - the fit is reported as R 2 = xx twice over, with only the middle value (-0.18) filled in; the claim is made and its evidence is a placeholder also in: interaction weight · noise correlation | concept_edges[31] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | PV —causes→ selectivity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 1 · note: and it feeds back - deleting PV to PYR weights costs PYR selectivity more after learning, where deleting SOM and PYR weights does not change
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says PV selectivity boosts PYR selectivity; the endpoint 'selectivity' drops whose. also in: PV · selectivity | concept_edges[36] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | SOM —causes→ plasticity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: high correlation with the SOM population PREVENTS learning-related plasticity, low correlation is permissive - dendritic inhibition arriving with the bottom-up drive blocks the pairing
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span suggests SOM cells gate plasticity; causes is loose and the claim is a suggestion. also in: SOM · plasticity | concept_edges[39] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | sign test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: sign test | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Wilcoxon rank-sum test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Wilcoxon rank-sum test | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Wilcoxon signed-rank test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Wilcoxon signed-rank test | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: correlation | content_tags.statistics[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | t-test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: t-test | content_tags.statistics[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | bootstrap Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: bootstrap | content_tags.statistics[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | confidence interval Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: confidence interval | content_tags.statistics[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | classifier / decoding accuracy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: classifier / decoding accuracy | content_tags.statistics[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | regression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: regression | content_tags.statistics[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | coefficient of determination Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: coefficient of determination | content_tags.statistics[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | sign test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: sign test | content_tags.statistics[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Wilcoxon rank-sum test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Wilcoxon rank-sum test | content_tags.statistics[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | bootstrap test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: bootstrap test | content_tags.statistics[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Learning increased stimulus selectivity in subsets of pyramidal, PV and SOM cells, but left VIP cells unchanged. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | PV neurons became as selective as PYR cells and less correlated with stimulus preference of the local network Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Fitting a linear dynamical system to the population activity showed that pyramidal-to-PV interactions reorganized into stimulus-selective PYR-PV subnetworks over learning. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | After learning, model interaction weights from PYR to PV and between PV cells were stronger for cell pairs sharing a grating preference than for pairs with opposite preference. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Learning reduced noise correlations both within and across cell classes, so network firing became more independent. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | How strongly a pyramidal cell was correlated with the SOM population before learning predicted how much its selectivity would increase. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | learning increased selectivity in subsets of PYR, PV and SOM cells but not VIP, and PV neurons became AS SELECTIVE AS pyramidal cells while becoming less correlated with the local network Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | PYR to PV interactions reorganized so that stimulus-selective PYR-PV subnetworks emerged, while SOM cells decorrelated from the local network and may gate selectivity changes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THE CATEGORY IS ASSUMED TO BE A UNIT: each interneuron class has been suggested to act as a functionally and thus computationally HOMOGENEOUS unit Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | AND IT IS NOT: responses within each class are highly heterogeneous, including increases and decreases to the same stimulus - different between classes, and heterogeneous within each Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THE CATEGORY DOES NOT BOUND THE CORRELATIONS EITHER: correlations across classes can be as high as those within a class, so functional ensembles SPAN cell types Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | AND THE METHOD BUILT ON THE CATEGORY IS DECLARED INAPPROPRIATE: optogenetic manipulation of entire cell classes may not be the right approach for studying circuit mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | TWO DEFINITIONS OF THE SAME CLASS AGREEING 70% OF THE TIME: transgenically labelled cells confirmed by immunostaining were PV 92.6%, VIP 85.4% and SOM only 70.1% Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | and measured the other way round the same labels agree above 90%, so the disagreement is directional Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | A NUMBER THAT WAS NEVER PRINTED: the model fit is reported as R 2 = xx twice, with only the middle value filled in Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | and again in the constrained fit, where the effect is said to be stronger with P = XX Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THE MODEL IS BLIND TO CELL TYPE and cell-class specific differences in interaction weights appear anyway Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | TWO RIVAL ACCOUNTS WITH OPPOSITE PREDICTIONS STATED BEFORE THE MEASUREMENT: decoupling predicts co-fluctuations decrease, selective local input predicts they do not Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | PV selectivity rose although these cells were expected to pool broadly and inhibit in proportion to average local activity, and the slope on local PYR selectivity fell from 0.2 to 0.05 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | AN INSTRUMENT ARTEFACT RULED OUT BY A SECOND INSTRUMENT: loose-patch spikes with simultaneous imaging give a near-linear rate-to-fluorescence relation, and selectivity from inferred rate matches selectivity from fluorescence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[19] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | with eye position, pupil size, eye movements, running and licking excluded, and the change absent in the approach corridor Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[20] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | learning decreased noise correlations within and between classes - SOM cells decorrelating most, PV cells least Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[21] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the LDS model splits each cell's activity into recurrent input from all other recorded cells, a trial-invariant stimulus-locked input, running speed, and a residual Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[22] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | post learning, PYR to PV and PV to PV weights were higher between cells preferring the SAME grating, and deleting weights cost PV selectivity only after learning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[23] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | PV selectivity changes were disrupted only when stimulus drive AND PYR to PV weights were BOTH held fixed across learning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[24] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | and it feeds back - deleting PV to PYR weights cost pyramidal selectivity more after learning, where SOM and PYR weight deletions did not change Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[25] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THE PREDICTOR IS MEASURED BEFORE THE THING IT PREDICTS: coupling to the SOM population in the naive animal predicts the selectivity gain, and coupling to PV, VIP or PYR populations does not Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[26] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | with the proposed mechanism a gate - high correlation with SOM cells prevents plasticity, low correlation permits it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[27] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the authors suggest noise correlations can largely be accounted for by concurrent functional interactions with simple linear dynamics Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[28] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | AND THE GAP IS NAMED: no study yet fits concurrent activity in multiple identified cell classes while accounting for the local population's influence on each cell Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[29] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the direct test is named as future work - local and long-range connectivity of PYR, PV and SOM cells in naive against expert mice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[30] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | selectivity index (SI) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: selectivity index (SI) | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | noise correlations Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: noise correlations | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | behavioral d-prime Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: behavioral d-prime | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | PSTH similarity score Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: PSTH similarity score | content_tags.definitions[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | linear dynamical system (LDS) model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: linear dynamical system (LDS) model | content_tags.definitions[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | selectivity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: selectivity | content_tags.definitions[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | noise correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: noise correlation | content_tags.definitions[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | interaction weight Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: interaction weight | content_tags.definitions[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | gate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: gate | content_tags.definitions[8] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | cell class Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: cell class | content_tags.variables[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | selectivity index Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: selectivity index | content_tags.variables[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | running speed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: running speed | content_tags.variables[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | eye position, pupil size, eye movements, running and licking Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.variables[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | selectivity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: selectivity | content_tags.variables[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | noise correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: noise correlation | content_tags.variables[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | interaction weight Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: interaction weight | content_tags.variables[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | coupling Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: coupling | content_tags.variables[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 0.31 ± 0.32 to 0.41 ± 0.45, P < 10 -7 , N = 1249 — average absolute selectivity of PYR cells pre learning and post learning, with the sign test P and the N Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0.25 ± 0.20 to 0.43 ± 0.38, P = 0.002, N = 132 — Mean absolute selectivity of PV interneurons before versus after learning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0.19 ± 0.17 to 0.19 ± 0.16, P = 1.00, N = 175 — VIP cell selectivity, unchanged across learning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 1249, 132, 58 and 175 — Numbers of PYR, PV, SOM and VIP cells imaged, across 8 mice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | slope = 0.2, CI 0.14 to 0.26, R = 0.49 — Pre-learning relationship between a PV cell's selectivity and the mean selectivity of pyramidal cells within 100 µm Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0.013 from 0.077 — Average simulated noise correlation with all model interaction weights deleted, versus the observed value Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 1.00, 0.99, 0.97 — Correlation between selectivity computed from calcium fluorescence and from inferred firing rate, for PV, SOM and VIP cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 92.6% ... 70.1% ... 85.4% — agreement between the transgenic and the immunohistochemical definition of the same interneuron class - and for SOM cells nearly a third of the population depends on which definition is used Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | above 90% — the percentage of overlap between immunostaining and transgenic marker expression, measured in the opposite direction from the table of transgenically labelled cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | R 2 = xx — a reported model fit that was never filled in, printed twice in one sentence with only the middle value supplied Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | P = XX — a second unfilled placeholder, this time behind the claim that the effect was stronger Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 0.31 ± 0.32 ... 0.41 ± 0.45 — mean absolute selectivity of pyramidal cells before and after learning, with standard deviations as large as the means Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 0.7 — the neuropil subtraction factor, obtained by inspecting the regression slope in a SAMPLE of the dataset rather than fitted per cell Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.