Changes in human brain dynamics during behavioral priming and repetition suppression

Korzeniewska, Wang, Benz, Fifer, Collard, Milsap, Cervenka, Martin · Progress in Neurobiology · 2020 · neuroscience · 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101788 · record Korzeniewska2020-changes-in-human-brain-dynamics-during-behav
tag layer · index · concepts · authors · עברית

Where this record's text came from. faceted 2026-08 by reading the locally held text (xml); every evidence string verified as an exact substring of that text before merging. Replication status is 'untested': the paper reports its top-down-propagation finding as new and calls for further study, and its own repetition-enhancement observation did not survive group statistics. The record's claim type is 'mechanism' for the top-down propagation account; the paper simultaneously delivers a null result against the facilitation model in VOTC, which is recorded as a contradicts relation rather than as a second claim_type. 2026-08-19 and 2026-08-25 schema-0.3 passes: every quote verified as an exact substring of the staged text and anchored at merge time; concept terms verified present; every edge endpoint an existing node.

How to read this page. The article itself is not reproduced here — this paper is not cleared for redistribution, so what follows is the tag layer alone. The evidence sentences are withheld with the article. The table at the foot lists every tag the record carries; each row names the facet it belongs to, and the whose words column says whether the tag records the paper's own wording or the tagger's sentence about the paper. Every tag links to each other paper in the corpus carrying it. The machine-readable edition of the same thing is the TEI file beside this one, where the tags live in standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.

Other fields define these differently the same word, defined another way in another discipline
predictive coding 3 fields · confidence interval 2 fields

Tags on this paper

Every tag the record carries, each linking to every other paper in the corpus that carries it. A tag appears here whether or not its words occur in the article — the spans below are only the ones a sentence in this paper licenses. Of the 5 concept tags on this paper, all 5 are grounded in a quoted sentence. All carry the tagger's gloss of what the term means in this paper, which is not something the article can license.

behavioral priming repetition suppression repetition enhancement electrocorticography predictive coding With repetition the cortex's generative model predicts the stimulus better, so top-down predictive input grows stronger and the prediction-error cells it suppresses fire less, which is what is measured as repetition suppression Strengthened top-down propagation from left prefrontal cortex drives down activation in ventral occipito-temporal cortex and elsewhere, producing repetition suppression At sensorimotor and superior-temporal sites the apparent temporal shift is not a change in perception but a consequence of the shorter speaking latency: the activity is locked to the response, so aligning to response onset abolishes the shift event related causality (ERC) facilitation model synchrony model response time high gamma power ERC word frequency baseline power paired t-test paired t -test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons sign test nonparametric sign test false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons FDR corrected for multiple comparisons at every time point one-tailed t-test one-sided t-test with FDR correction multivariate autoregressive model order selection by Akaike Information Criterion Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) confidence interval multitaper spectral estimation multi-taper algorithm from the Chronux toolbox penalized spline regression statistical testing (penalized thin-plate spline) standard deviation and median absolute deviation standard deviations ... median absolute deviations (MAD) electrophysiology

Legend

relation to other work	`claim_relations`	how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies
claim type	`claim_type`	the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null
concept edge	`concept_edges`	an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it
concept	`concepts`	an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it
content tag	`content_tags`	a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper
control	`controls`	an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation
limitation	`limitations`	what the paper says its evidence cannot support
mechanism	`mechanisms`	how the reported effect is said to come about
method	`method`	how the paper produced its evidence
phenomenon	`phenomenon`	the effect or regularity under study
sense	`senses`	a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it
transfer	`transfers`	a method or concept carried in from another field

The paper

The full text is not reproduced here. This article is not cleared for redistribution, so the page carries the tag layer only. Its evidence sentences are withheld; the grounding status remains with each tag, and the article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101788. The reading view exists for the papers whose licence permits it.

Every tag on this page

claim_relations 6 · claim_type 1 · concept_edges 3 · concepts 5 · content_tags 36 · controls 1 · limitations 8 · mechanisms 3 · method 1 · phenomenon 1 · senses 4 · transfers 2

Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 3 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.

facet	tag	field	conf.	whose words
claim_type	mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_type`		the paper's words
phenomenon	behavioural priming and repetition suppression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`phenomenon`		the paper's words
method	electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: electrophysiology	`method`		the paper's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: With repetition the cortex's generative model predicts the stimulus better, so top-down predictive input grows stronger and the prediction-error cells it suppresses fire less, which is what is measured as repetition suppression	`mechanisms[0]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Strengthened top-down propagation from left prefrontal cortex drives down activation in ventral occipito-temporal cortex and elsewhere, producing repetition suppression	`mechanisms[1]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: At sensorimotor and superior-temporal sites the apparent temporal shift is not a change in perception but a consequence of the shorter speaking latency: the activity is locked to the response, so aligning to response onset abolishes the shift	`mechanisms[2]`		the tagger's words
limitations	Repetition enhancement was significant only at individual sites; group analyses failed to reach significance in any region of interest, possibly through timing variability and uneven sampling. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`limitations[0]`		the tagger's words
limitations	Only very short (few-second) repetition delays were examined, while the models at stake concern much longer delays. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`limitations[1]`		the tagger's words
limitations	High gamma responses cannot adjudicate models that posit changes in single-neuron tuning, such as the sharpening model. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`limitations[2]`		the tagger's words
limitations	Electrode placement was clinically, not experimentally, determined, constraining which sites could show each repetition effect. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`limitations[3]`		the tagger's words
limitations	Electrode placement was clinically determined, so the sites at which each repetition effect could be detected were constrained by each patient's coverage. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`limitations[4]`		the tagger's words
limitations	Repetition enhancement was significant at individual sites but failed to reach significance in any region-of-interest group analysis. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. duplicate of: limitations[0]	`limitations[5]`		the tagger's words
limitations	Only short (few-second) repetition delays were tested, whereas the models at issue concern long-lasting representational change. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. duplicate of: limitations[1]	`limitations[6]`		the tagger's words
limitations	The design and analyses cannot adjudicate the sharpening or synchrony models. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`limitations[7]`		the tagger's words
transfers	The Granger-causality framework for time series is taken over, as event related causality built on multivariate autoregressive models, to estimate the direction and timing of neural propagation between cortical recording sites. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`transfers[0]`		the tagger's words
transfers	The predictive coding account the paper adopts treats the cortex itself as a hierarchical generative Bayesian statistical model, with top-down predictions and bottom-up prediction error. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`transfers[1]`		the tagger's words
controls	object names matched for word frequency, and the lists of repeated versus novel objects counterbalanced across patients Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: that a difference between novel and repeated objects is a difference in word frequency, or a property of which particular objects happened to land in which list · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held	`controls[0]`	0.85	the tagger's words
concepts	behavioral priming Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: behavioral priming	`concepts[0]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	repetition suppression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: repetition suppression	`concepts[1]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	repetition enhancement Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: repetition enhancement	`concepts[2]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	electrocorticography Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: electrocorticography	`concepts[3]`	0.95	the paper's words
concepts	predictive coding Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: predictive coding	`concepts[4]`	0.95	the paper's words
senses	THE SAME PARADOX Gotts2012 REVIEWS, AND THIS IS THE EXPERIMENT IT ASKED FOR. Gotts said the four candidate models were `in need of testing`; this paper says why they had not been tested - `noninvasive techniques for human studies have had insufficient spatial-temporal precision for testing their predictions` - and then supplies the precision with electrocorticography. A review naming a gap and a study filling it, two records in one corpus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[0]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	THREE EFFECTS, NOT TWO. Beside suppression the study finds repetition ENHANCEMENT at some sites and a TEMPORAL SHIFT to earlier responses at others - `repetition suppression (RS) at some sites, and repetition enhancement (RE) in others, the latter often followed by repetition suppression (~600 ms)`. The paradox as usually stated has two terms; measured at this resolution the cortex does three different things, sometimes in sequence at one site Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[1]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	AND THE NOVEL EFFECT DOES NOT SURVIVE THE GROUP ANALYSIS, IN THE PAPER'S OWN WORDS: `Quotation withheld` So RE is a per-site observation, reported honestly as one, with the closing verdict that further investigation `is warranted` rather than that the effect is established. The result the abstract calls `interesting` is the one the results section declines to claim at group level Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[2]`	0.95	the tagger's words
senses	WHAT THE ELECTRODES COULD SEE IS A LIMIT ON WHAT WAS FOUND, and the paper says so: `the numbers of sites revealing repetition suppression, repetition enhancement, or temporal shift were limited by the electrode locations unique to each patient`. Coverage is clinical, not experimental - electrodes go where the epilepsy surgery needs them - so absence of an effect at a site is not evidence of its absence in that region. A sampling constraint that no amount of statistics repairs Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[3]`	0.95	the tagger's words
claim_relations	builds-on → Ghuman et al. (2008) MEG study of LPFC-temporal phase locking during priming Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[0]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	contradicts → the “facilitation” model of repetition suppression (James et al., 2000; Henson, 2003) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[1]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	extends → Ghuman et al. (2008) MEG study of top-down phase locking in priming Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[2]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	contradicts → the "facilitation" model of repetition suppression (James et al., 2000; Henson, 2003) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[3]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	builds-on → the "predictive coding" model of repetition suppression and priming (Henson, 2003; Friston, 2005) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[4]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	replicates → Marinkovic et al. (2003) MEG finding of a shift from repetition enhancement to repetition suppression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[5]`		the tagger's words
concept_edges	behavioral priming —contrasted-with→ repetition suppression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE DIRECTION EACH MOVES ON THE SAME REPETITION - responses get FASTER while neural activity gets WEAKER. The paper calls it a paradox in the sentence that states it, and the whole study exists to resolve it · strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: The same contrast tagged on Gotts2012 forty minutes earlier, from a review; here it is from the experiment that tests it. Two records, one paradox, and the corpus can now hold the review's inventory beside the measurement. also in: behavioral priming · repetition suppression	`concept_edges[0]`	0.95	the tagger's words
concept_edges	predictive coding —causes→ repetition suppression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 0.85 · note: THE EVIDENCE IS A TIMING CLAIM: the top-down propagation PRECEDED the suppression, which is what makes it a candidate cause rather than a correlate. Weighted 0.85 - 'provide support for' is the paper's own strength, and precedence is necessary but not sufficient for the model. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the results 'PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR' predictive coding; the 'increases' sign is not stated. also in: predictive coding · repetition suppression	`concept_edges[1]`	0.95	the tagger's words
concept_edges	repetition enhancement —distinct-from→ repetition suppression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE SIGN OF THE NEURAL CHANGE AT A SITE - enhancement is more activity with repetition, suppression is less, and the two occur at different electrodes in the same patients, sometimes in sequence at one site with enhancement followed by suppression around 600 ms · strength of the relation: 0.8 · note: Weight 0.8 and NOT higher, because of the group analysis: RE 'did not reach statistical significance for VOTC…'. The distinction is real at individual sites and unestablished at group level, and the sense row carries that. Recording this at 0.95 would assert what the results section declines to claim. also in: repetition enhancement · repetition suppression	`concept_edges[2]`	0.95	the tagger's words
content_tags	paired t-test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: paired t-test	`content_tags.statistics[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	sign test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: sign test	`content_tags.statistics[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons	`content_tags.statistics[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	one-tailed t-test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: one-tailed t-test	`content_tags.statistics[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	multivariate autoregressive model order selection by Akaike Information Criterion Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: multivariate autoregressive model order selection by Akaike Information Criterion	`content_tags.statistics[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	confidence interval Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: confidence interval	`content_tags.statistics[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	multitaper spectral estimation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: multitaper spectral estimation	`content_tags.statistics[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	penalized spline regression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: penalized spline regression	`content_tags.statistics[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	standard deviation and median absolute deviation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: standard deviation and median absolute deviation	`content_tags.statistics[8]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Behavioral priming was accompanied by suppressed high gamma activity in ventral occipito-temporal cortex, left prefrontal cortex and other activated sites, plus a shift of activity to earlier time points in sensorimotor regions that mediate speaking. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Repetition also increased activation at 30 sites in lateral frontal, parietal and temporal cortex, but never in ventral occipito-temporal cortex, so repetition enhancement and suppression occupy different territory. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Repeated stimuli produced a statistically significant increase in high gamma propagation from left prefrontal cortex into ventral occipito-temporal cortex beginning about 100 ms after stimulus onset. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	The repetition-related rise in top-down propagation became significant numerically earlier than repetition suppression in VOTC. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Within individual patients, novel stimuli drove propagation mainly bottom-up, from VOTC to LPFC. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Repeated trials showed no consistent shift of VOTC activation to earlier latencies, as the facilitation model predicted. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Repetition suppression emerged in ventral occipito-temporal cortex at about 140 ms but only reached significance in left prefrontal cortex at about 280 ms. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Repetition enhancement, although present at individual electrodes, did not survive group-level statistics in any region of interest. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	repetition suppression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: repetition suppression	`content_tags.definitions[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	behavioral priming Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: behavioral priming	`content_tags.definitions[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	event related causality (ERC) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: event related causality (ERC)	`content_tags.definitions[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	predictive coding Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: predictive coding	`content_tags.definitions[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	facilitation model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: facilitation model	`content_tags.definitions[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	synchrony model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: synchrony model	`content_tags.definitions[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	response time Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: response time	`content_tags.variables[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	high gamma power Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: high gamma power	`content_tags.variables[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	ERC Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ERC	`content_tags.variables[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	word frequency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: word frequency	`content_tags.variables[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	baseline power Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: baseline power	`content_tags.variables[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	t(9) = 6.015, p < 0.001 — Group-level paired t-test confirming faster responses to repeated than to novel pictures across the ten patients Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	962 — Total number of recording sites sampled across all ten patients Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	58 sites — Number of recording sites showing repetition suppression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	30 sites — Number of recording sites showing repetition enhancement, none of them in VOTC Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	10 sites — Number of recording sites showing only a temporal shift in peak activation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	~ 280 ms vs ~ 140 ms — Onset latency of significant repetition suppression in LPFC compared with VOTC Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	12–21 — Number of electrodes selected per patient for inclusion in the multivariate autoregressive model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Ten patients — Sample size: epilepsy surgery patients with subdural ECoG who performed the object-naming task Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[7]`		the tagger's words

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