standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 1 relation here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
This record holds no controls. A layer is empty when the tagger recorded nothing in it — which is not the same as the paper having nothing to record.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| claim_type | mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | auditory-limbic interaction under noise and tinnitus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | review Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: review | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[4] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Direct evidence that the limbic system is essential to tinnitus generation or stabilisation is not established. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Responses to noise vary widely between individuals and depend strongly on the type of noise. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any general statement about noise effects: RESPONSES TO NOISE MAY HUGELY VARY AMONG INDIVIDUALS AND HEAVILY DEPEND ON THE TYPE OF NOISE | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Whether amygdalar activity facilitates or inhibits auditory cortex depends on unresolved further factors. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the direction of the amygdala's effect on auditory cortex: HOW AMYGDALA-ACTIVITY AFFECTS AUDITORY CORTEX ACTIVITY OR PLASTICITY DEPENDS ON FURTHER CIRCUMSTANCES, Quotation withheld | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The crucial feature for the response is stated to be the stimulus pattern, not the emotion it produces. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any emotional interpretation of amygdalar activation reported here: the authors state the findings suggest the stimulus pattern itself, and not the resulting emotion, is the crucial feature | limitations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The direction of the amygdala's effect on auditory cortex is unresolved, and the paper names what it turns on. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any claim that amygdalar activity facilitates or inhibits auditory cortex: the effect is said to depend on further circumstances, namely which amygdalar neurons are activated and which other brain regions are co-activated | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The hippocampal claim is split between storage and retrieval by a single-patient observation. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any claim that memory depends on the hippocampus: the cited case shows memory storage but not memory retrieval to be dependent on hippocampus, since the patient could still remember events from before surgery | limitations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | stimulus pattern Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: stimulus pattern | concepts[0] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | amygdalar activation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: amygdalar activation | concepts[1] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | amygdala-activity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: amygdala-activity | concepts[2] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | auditory cortex Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: auditory cortex | concepts[3] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | memory storage Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: memory storage | concepts[4] | the paper's words | |
| senses | amygdalar activation - DRIVEN BY THE STIMULUS PATTERN, NOT THE EMOTION: the review reports that responses to emotionally meaningful sounds occur independently of how emotionally involved the subject is, and concludes the pattern itself is the crucial feature, so an 'emotional response' here names a reaction to an acoustic form Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the amygdala's effect on auditory cortex - SIGNED ONLY ONCE THE CIRCUMSTANCES ARE FIXED: whether it facilitates or inhibits depends on which amygdalar neurons fire and which other regions are co-active, so the relation has no direction stated in the abstract and two possible directions in the body Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | hippocampal dependence - STORAGE BUT NOT RETRIEVAL: the cited patient could still remember events from before surgery, which splits 'memory depends on the hippocampus' into a claim that holds for one half of the process and fails for the other Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | contradicts → He et al. (2004) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE SIGN OF THE EFFECT. The review has just reported amygdalar activity FACILITATING auditory cortex, and then: 'On the contrary, rat studies have demonstrated that stimulation of lateral amygdala Quotation withheld via GABA receptors.' Two directions for one connection, and the review does not resolve them - the record already carries that as a sense, marked as signed only once the circumstances are fixed | claim_relations[0] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Sander et al. (2003) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: WHAT THE AMYGDALA IS RESPONDING TO. 'Quotation withheld is the crucial feature for amygdalar activation.' The structure that carries the emotional interpretation of the literature turns out to be driven by an acoustic property, so results reported as emotional responses may be pattern responses under an emotional description | claim_relations[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Mizuno and Giese (2005) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: WHICH HALF OF MEMORY THE STRUCTURE IS NEEDED FOR, SPLIT BY ONE PATIENT'S PRESERVED ABILITY: 'In contrast, he remained capable of remembering events from before surgery, showing that Quotation withheld.' A single dissociation does the work of dividing one word into two functions, which is a large claim to rest on what a patient could still do | claim_relations[2] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | amygdala-activity —causes→ auditory cortex Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. depends on: which amygdalar neurons are activated, and which other brain regions are co-activated · strength of the relation: 0.6 — the record marks this weak also in: amygdala-activity · auditory cortex | concept_edges[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The review suggests the limbic system may play a role in both generating and suppressing tinnitus, and may be essential for its treatment. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Findings suggest the stimulus pattern itself, not the resulting emotion, is crucial for amygdalar activation. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Although stress correlates with hearing problems, many studies show acute stress can enhance hearing or protect against noise-induced hearing loss. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The effect of stress hormones on hippocampal LTP follows an inverted-U dose relationship, facilitating potentiation at low levels and impairing it at high levels. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The long-term reduction in neurogenesis after noise cannot be mediated by sustained corticosterone elevation. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Hippocampal phase-locking to auditory input is novelty-dependent, appearing for new stimuli and declining with repetition, which suggests a role in novelty detection. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. WHOSE RESULT THIS IS: studies in guinea pig showed - THE SUBJECT OF THIS RESULT IS AN INDEFINITE STUDY, NOT THIS PAPER. 'Previous studies reported', 'studies in guinea pig showed', 'recent studies have reported' - somebody else's work under a common noun rather than a name, with a citation in the sentence and no first-person marker. The quote is verbatim and the claim is true; only the attribution is wrong. FOUND BY MEASURING MY OWN CUE'S RECALL: the first sweep required a NAMED author as the subject ('Sperling (1960) demonstrated') and found 17. Reading eleven citation-bearing findings on 'Plakke2016' by hand showed four the cue could not see - 'A study examining recognition found', 'studies of typical human subjects have demonstrated', 'A follow up study found' - so the named cue's 17 was a floor and not a count. A CUE'S FALSE POSITIVES TELL YOU NOTHING ABOUT ITS FALSE NEGATIVES, and the only way to find these was to read a record's whole layer. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Stress has opposite effects on the two memory operations: it strengthens encoding of emotionally arousing events while suppressing retrieval and cognition. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | acoustic startle response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: acoustic startle response | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | pre-pulse inhibition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: pre-pulse inhibition | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | hippocampal inhibition or gating Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: hippocampal inhibition or gating | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | neurogenesis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: neurogenesis | content_tags.definitions[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Pavlovian fear conditioning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Pavlovian fear conditioning | content_tags.definitions[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | place cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: place cells | content_tags.definitions[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 126 dB, 12 kHz narrowband, 2 h — the single acute noise exposure that produced a hippocampal neurogenesis reduction still visible ten weeks later Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. WHOSE RESULT THIS IS: pal neurogenesis as seen 10 weeks after exposure (Kraus et al., 2010). - THE RESULT IS THE CITED WORK'S AND THE CITATION TRAILS THE SENTENCE. A plain noun phrase is the subject of the result verb and the attribution is a bracket at the end - 'Neurons within the dorsal temporal pole demonstrated match suppression ... ( Ng et al., 2014 )'. Neither of my two cues could see this shape, so THESE WERE READ RATHER THAN SWEPT: 36 candidates of the shape, 20 read, 11 marked, 9 refused. THE REFUSALS ARE WHY IT IS NOT A CUE: 'Aru2012 findings[16]' is the paper's OWN result with a citation supporting the localisation, 'Natan2015 findings[3]' ends 'consistent with previous findings ( Szymanski et al., 2009 )' where the main clause is the paper's, and 'Drieu2019' x3 are 'One cannot entirely rule out...' - a limitation, not an attribution. About 55% precise, which is a list to read and not a sweep to run. NOTE: the cited paper shares this record's first author - a self-citation to earlier work, which is still not THIS paper's result. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 30 days / 40 days — recovery time of hippocampal monoamine levels and memory after 80 dB versus 100 dB chronic noise, showing recovery scales with exposure intensity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 2.1 kHz — the fundamental frequency of rat pain calls to which lateral amygdala neurons phase-lock Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 80 dB, 2 h, 6 weeks — the moderate noise dose sufficient to impair learning and memory and cause oxidative damage Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 122 dB — the noise level after which sympathectomy reduced permanent threshold shift in guinea pigs Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. WHOSE RESULT THIS IS: fter 122 dB noise exposure in guinea pigs (Hildesheimer et al., 2002). - THE RESULT IS THE CITED WORK'S AND THE CITATION TRAILS THE SENTENCE. A plain noun phrase is the subject of the result verb and the attribution is a bracket at the end - 'Neurons within the dorsal temporal pole demonstrated match suppression ... ( Ng et al., 2014 )'. Neither of my two cues could see this shape, so THESE WERE READ RATHER THAN SWEPT: 36 candidates of the shape, 20 read, 11 marked, 9 refused. THE REFUSALS ARE WHY IT IS NOT A CUE: 'Aru2012 findings[16]' is the paper's OWN result with a citation supporting the localisation, 'Natan2015 findings[3]' ends 'consistent with previous findings ( Szymanski et al., 2009 )' where the main clause is the paper's, and 'Drieu2019' x3 are 'One cannot entirely rule out...' - a limitation, not an attribution. About 55% precise, which is a list to read and not a sweep to run. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.