Quotation withheld

Quotation withheld Martel Arvaneh Robertson Smallwood Dockree

Tag layer of the DHSS Meta-Tagging Project. The article text is reproduced from the staged copy named in sourceDesc and is not altered; the tags are held separately in standOff so that overlapping and nested spans are preserved.

Quotation withheld 2019 bioRxiv 10.1101/705061 Martel2019-distinct-neural-markers-for-intentional-and Martel2019-distinct-neural-markers-for-intentional-and.txt, the project's staged copy d12fe534d1db6d0981c6e343f52ee256fa28bedb not-redistributable neuroscience

the paper's own words

the tag layer; a sentence written by the tagger about the paper, always anchored to a quotation but not itself a quotation

0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them existence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. task-unrelated thought (mind-wandering) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. electrophysiology electrophysiology Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Deliberate off-task thought raises alpha activity, which inhibits irrelevant sensory input in a top-down manner and thereby protects the internally generated train of thought. status: the paper's own words: may reflect Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Spontaneous off-task thought arises because top-down maintenance of the task set fails, which shows up as jointly reduced P2 (higher-order perceptual processing) and N2 (conflict monitoring) responses. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Intention determines whether executive control is being used to organise the internal train of thought or is intermittently failing: deliberate off-task states reflect motivated maintenance of a task set, spontaneous ones reflect lapses in maintaining it. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The four-trial pre-probe window is an a priori choice, since the true onset of an attentional shift is unknown. what this limits: the attentional-state assignment: ALTHOUGH THE TEMPORAL DYNAMICS AND THE EXACT ONSET OF ATTENTIONAL SHIFTS REMAIN UNKNOWN AND DIFFICULT TO ASSESS, WE CHOSE A WINDOW OF FOUR SART TRIALS PRIOR TO A THOUGHT PROBE Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The self-caught probe condition structurally lacks on-task reports, so the two condition pairs are not symmetric. what this limits: any comparison between the self-caught and probe-caught conditions: PARTICIPANTS WERE ONLY INSTRUCTED TO TRIGGER A SC PROBE WHEN THEY CAUGHT THEMSELVES OFF-TASK AND AS A RESULT THE SC CONDITION LACKED ON-TASK REPORTS Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Trial-count exclusions cut the on-task versus off-task comparison to 15 participants. what this limits: the PC_OT/MW comparison only: PARTICIPANTS THAT DID NOT HAVE AT LEAST 8 TRIALS WERE NOT CONSIDERED WHICH REDUCED THE NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS FOR THE PC_OT/MW PAIR TO 15 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The most established marker in this literature does not distinguish the two states the paper is about: it is attenuated off-task whether the thought was intentional or not. what this limits: a P3 attenuation as evidence about the KIND of off-task state: this study reports the P3 attenuated during off-task states regardless of whether they were intentional Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The artefact-rejection threshold is a choice, and the authors state which way they wanted it to err. what this limits: the artefact-cleaned data in this study: components were rejected at a 95% probability threshold chosen to favour preserving neural activity, so the cleaning errs toward keeping signal Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Channels were excluded on a stated susceptibility argument rather than on measured artefact. what this limits: the channel coverage of these averages: channels near the face were excluded on the grounds of higher susceptibility to artefacts Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The paper's central distinction is instrument-relative and the abstract says so in consecutive sentences: the P3 treats deliberate and spontaneous off-task thought as one state, alpha power and phase-locking treat them as two. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. probe-caught sampling prompts interrupting the task pseudo-randomly after 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 or 48 trials eliminates: participants anticipating the probe and preparing an answer - a fixed interval would turn a measure of spontaneous thought into a measure of expectation · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · task unrelated thought task unrelated thought EVIDENCE CORRECTED: RE-GROUNDED. The evidence was THE PAPER'S OWN TITLE, verbatim and whole - 'Distinct neural markers for intentional and unintentional…'. The replacement is the sentence that introduces the concept and both of its subtypes with the abbreviations the paper then uses, dTUT and sTUT, which is what a concepts row should be anchored to. Same 0x08 cause as the other three rows in this batch. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. dTUT dTUT Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. P3 P3 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. alpha power alpha power Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. sTUT sTUT Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. task-unrelated thought - DELIBERATE (dTUT): the off-task state engaged in intentionally, one of two kinds the study separates Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. task-unrelated thought - AS THE P3 SEES IT: not two kinds at all, since the component is attenuated off-task regardless of intention Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. theta ITPC - a phase-coherence quantity INTERPRETED as a measure of attentional stability, so the construct enters by interpretation rather than by measurement Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. off-task thought - framed by the field it comes from as 'a family of states with overlapping experiential neural and cognitive features' rather than as a category with members Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. P3 reduction - offered as an index of EITHER perceptual decoupling OR the level of attention to the task, in one clause, without adjudication Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. replicates → prior ERP studies of reduced stimulus processing during task-unrelated thinking (refs 26, 36, 38, 39) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → component process accounts of ongoing thought Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → prior work linking spontaneous off-task thought to low external alertness and low executive control (ref 117) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. dTUT —distinct-from→ sTUT dTUT sTUT differs in: WHICH INSTRUMENT IS ASKED. Alpha power and cortical phase-locking separate them; the P3 does not, being attenuated off-task regardless of intention. The distinction the paper's title asserts holds on two measures and fails on the one the literature relies on most · strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: WHETHER THESE ARE TWO KINDS OF THOUGHT OR ONE DEPENDS ENTIRELY ON WHICH MEASURE IS ASKED, and the paper's abstract puts both answers in consecutive sentences. The P3 - the literature's most established marker, and the record already carries a limitation saying so - is attenuated off-task 'regardless of whether they were intentional or not', so on that instrument the two states are ONE. Alpha power and cortical phase-locking separate them. A category claim that is true of one instrument and false of another, in one dataset. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span writes 'deliberate' and 'spontaneous off-task' thought, not 'dTUT' / 'sTUT'. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. P3 —operationalised-as→ task unrelated thought P3 task unrelated thought strength of the relation: 0.8 · note: The P3 reduction is read as 'an index of perceptual decoupling or the level of attention…' - TWO different readings offered in one clause, joined by 'or', and the paper does not choose between them. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but P3 amplitude 'can be considered an INDEX of' perceptual decoupling or attention to the task; operationalised-as task-unrelated thought is loose. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. alpha power —operationalised-as→ dTUT alpha power dTUT strength of the relation: 0.8 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but increased alpha power was LINKED TO deliberate off-task thoughts; operationalised-as is loose. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. repeated-measures ANOVA repeated-measures ANOVA Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. paired-samples t-test paired-samples t-test Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. cluster-based permutation test cluster-based permutation test Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Monte-Carlo randomisation null distribution Monte-Carlo randomisation null distribution Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Greenhouse-Geisser sphericity correction Greenhouse-Geisser sphericity correction Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. significance level significance level Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. independent component analysis independent component analysis Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mean and standard deviation mean and standard deviation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Probe-caught off-task periods showed reduced P1 and P2 amplitude over the right parieto-occipital site PO4 and reduced amplitude over parieto-central sites in the P3 window (268-388 ms). Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Alpha power in the trials preceding a report was significantly higher before deliberate off-task thought (1.54 dB) than before spontaneous off-task thought (0.58 dB). Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Inter-trial phase coherence was significantly greater before deliberate than before spontaneous off-task thought (.52 vs .45 across all averaged channels). Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The P2 component was significantly smaller before spontaneous than before deliberate off-task thought at both PO3 and PO4. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Fronto-central delta/theta power at FCz was significantly lower relative to baseline before off-task reports (-2.69 dB) than before on-task reports (-1.89 dB). Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The stimulus-evoked alpha-beta event-related desynchronization differed by attentional state, reaching -2.27 dB before off-task reports versus -1.13 dB before on-task reports. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Inter-trial phase coherence did not distinguish on-task from off-task states in any of the three electrode sets. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Tonic (non-evoked) alpha power showed no significant on-task versus off-task difference at any electrode selection. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Increased alpha power and phase-locking went with deliberate off-task thought, while reduced evoked sensory responses prevailed in spontaneous off-task episodes. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. PC probe PC probe Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. SC probe SC probe Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. component process account of ongoing thought component process account of ongoing thought Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. perceptual decoupling perceptual decoupling Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. dTUT dTUT Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. sTUT sTUT Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. component amplitude component amplitude Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. inter-stimulus interval inter-stimulus interval Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prestimulus baseline prestimulus baseline Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 26 — participants recorded with EEG during the fixed SART Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 71.4% — share of the average 65.3 thought probes per participant that were self-caught rather than probe-caught Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 11% — proportion of SART trials that were no-go targets (the digit 6) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 2315 msec — fixed inter-stimulus interval between SART digits Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 9.3 sec — length of the four-trial pre-probe window taken to reflect the reported attentional state Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 512 Hz — sampling rate of the 64-channel EEG recording Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 19 and 18 — subjects retained for the ERP analysis of the on-task/off-task pair and of the deliberate/spontaneous pair Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. t(17)=2.25 p=.038 — test of the alpha-power difference between deliberate and spontaneous off-task pre-trials Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. .52 vs .45 — mean inter-trial phase coherence before deliberate versus spontaneous off-task reports across all averaged channels Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1101/705061.