A theoretical review of consumer priming: Prospective theory, retrospective theory, and the affective–behavioral

A theoretical review of consumer priming: Prospective theory, retrospective theory, and the affective–behavioral–cognitive model Minton Cornwell Kahle

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A theoretical review of consumer priming: Prospective theory, retrospective theory, and the affective–behavioral–cognitive model 2017 Journal of Consumer Behaviour 10.1002/cb.1624 Minton2017-a-theoretical-review-of-consumer-priming-pro Minton2017-a-theoretical-review-of-consumer-priming-pro.txt, the project's staged copy ccf73e8d5cb1d4eca38cae5c8debe431ffc852ea not-redistributable consumer-psychology

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them method Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. consumer priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. review review Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Following a primed procedure consumes cognitive resources, which keeps the primed representation active and slows its decay relative to a declarative prime. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Uncertainty about a stimulus makes the consumer recruit the prime together with existing memory to resolve that uncertainty, which produces assimilation. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms High motivation raises processing depth, which triggers correction of the judgment for the perceived persuasion attempt and so flips assimilation into contrast. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The paper deliberately excludes the content-versus-process priming distinctions covered by the prior review it builds on, so its coverage of priming distinctions is partial by design. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The framework's central measurement-discrepancy proposal is asserted rather than empirically tested, and the authors state it still needs testing. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The tri-component ABC model of attitudes is imported as the organizing scheme for a marketing/consumer-behaviour priming framework. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prime prime Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. knowledge activation knowledge activation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. target target Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ABC model ABC model Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. spreading activation theory spreading activation theory Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. A DEFINITION QUOTED AND THEN CORRECTED IN THE SAME PAGE, which is exactly what this corpus is for. McNamara (2005) is quoted verbatim - priming is `an IMPROVEMENT in performance in a perceptual or cognitive task, relative to an appropriate baseline, produced by context or prior experience` - and then: `while McNamara (2005) describes priming as an improvement in performance, priming can also involve A change in performance that is neutral or results in poorer performance.` The correction is not a rival definition; it strikes one word out of the standard one, and it does so because reactant priming exists Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR BEING A PRIME, WHICH IS RARER THAN A DEFINITION: `Quotation withheld.` This says which manipulations are EXCLUDED, and it draws the boundary with a mechanism rather than with a procedure - so whether something is a prime is not settled by how it was presented or by what it looked like, but by what it did to activation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE TAXONOMY IS IMPORTED FROM ATTITUDE THEORY, NOT DERIVED FROM PRIMING RESEARCH: priming is sorted by OUTCOME into affective, behavioral and cognitive, `which follows suit with the tri-component ABC model of attitudes (Breckler, 1984)`. Sorting by outcome rather than by method is the substantive choice - two techniques that look nothing alike land in the same box if they move the same thing, and one technique can appear twice. The paper is explicit that this is a borrowing, which is what makes it checkable against the source literature Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE COMPLAINT THAT MOTIVATES THE WHOLE REVIEW IS MONOCULTURE, NOT ERROR: `Quotation withheld.` Nobody is said to be wrong. The charge is that one account is cited by default, so its alternatives are never tested against it - and the paper's answer is to review prospective and retrospective memory models alongside it rather than to replace it Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. `associative priming` and `semantic priming` - `RELATED ... enough that these two terms are often used interchangeably (Lucas, 2000)`, in a review that then separates them. The conflation is reported and the distinction is drawn in the same paragraph. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → Janiszewski and Wyer (2014) review of priming in marketing Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Breckler (1984) tri-component (ABC) model of attitudes Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prime —causes→ knowledge activation prime knowledge activation direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: THIS EDGE IS DEFINITIONAL, NOT EMPIRICAL, AND THAT IS WHY IT IS WEIGHTED 0.95. The paper is not reporting that primes raise activation; it is saying that a thing which does not raise activation IS NOT A PRIME. The direction is inside the quote and cannot be read the other way. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prime —distinct-from→ target prime target differs in: WHICH SIDE OF THE MANIPULATION EACH IS ON. The prime is what raises activation; the target is what the prime is applied to and where the outcome is measured. The two definitions are mutually referring - neither can be stated without the other - so this is a distinction internal to one paradigm rather than between two things that exist independently · strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: Both halves of the definition are in the one span, which is the point: the paper defines them together in a single sentence. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The review sorts every priming technique into three outcome classes - affective, behavioral and cognitive - borrowed from the tri-component ABC model of attitudes. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Priming theories are grouped into two prospective theories - spreading activation and expectancy - and two retrospective theories - semantic matching and compound-cue. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Compound cue theory and spreading activation theory are in direct opposition, because they rest on different models of memory. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Both prospective and retrospective theories end in increased knowledge activation. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. A stimulus or independent variable counts as a prime only when it raises knowledge activation that then shapes the response to a target. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The commonest measurement discrepancy in survey-based priming work is priming behavior but measuring the effect with cognitive purchase-intention questions. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Consumers respond to a prime consistently or reactantly, and the authors argue that reactance (contrast) may stem from trait and state variables such as skepticism or concern about persuasion. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Procedural primes decay much more slowly than primes of declarative knowledge. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prime and target prime and target Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. behavioral priming behavioral priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. procedural priming procedural priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. goal priming goal priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. cognitive priming cognitive priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. category priming category priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. semantic priming semantic priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. associative priming associative priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. associative boost associative boost WHOSE RESULT THIS IS: Moss et al. (1995) note - THE EVIDENCE FOR THIS ROW ATTRIBUTES THE WORK TO SOMEBODY ELSE. A cited name is the subject of a result verb and the sentence carries no first-person marker, so the finding, quantity or definition is the CITED author's rather than this record's. The claim is true and the quote is verbatim - what is wrong is whose result the corpus says it is. Nothing edited, nothing withdrawn: the row is marked so a page can name the source. Written by the same predicate and in the same shape as the 18 rows that already carried attributed to, found by sweeping for the pattern those 18 demonstrate. SEVERAL OF THESE RECORDS ARE REVIEWS - 'Camina2017' 6, 'Nees2016' 4 - where other people's results are the point of the paper, and the mark is what keeps the corpus from claiming them. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. conceptual versus perceptual priming conceptual versus perceptual priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. repetition priming repetition priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. contextual priming contextual priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. masked priming masked priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. spreading activation theory spreading activation theory Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. expectancy theory expectancy theory Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. semantic matching theory semantic matching theory Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. compound cue theory compound cue theory Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prospective theories of priming prospective theories of priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming method priming method Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 0.49 versus 0.25 — Average effect size of associative priming studies compared with semantic priming studies, as reported in the meta-review the paper cites WHOSE RESULT THIS IS: Lucas (2000) found - THE EVIDENCE FOR THIS ROW ATTRIBUTES THE WORK TO SOMEBODY ELSE. A cited name is the subject of a result verb and the sentence carries no first-person marker, so the finding, quantity or definition is the CITED author's rather than this record's. The claim is true and the quote is verbatim - what is wrong is whose result the corpus says it is. Nothing edited, nothing withdrawn: the row is marked so a page can name the source. Written by the same predicate and in the same shape as the 18 rows that already carried attributed to, found by sweeping for the pattern those 18 demonstrate. SEVERAL OF THESE RECORDS ARE REVIEWS - 'Camina2017' 6, 'Nees2016' 4 - where other people's results are the point of the paper, and the mark is what keeps the corpus from claiming them. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 0.26 — Size of the increase in priming effects attributed to the associative boost (a prime that is both semantically and associatively related) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1624.