Working Memory and Decision-Making in a Frontoparietal Circuit Model

Murray, Jaramillo, Wang · The Journal of Neuroscience · 2017 · neuroscience · 10.1523/jneurosci.0343-17.2017 · record Murray2017-working-memory-and-decision-making-in-a-fron
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Where this record's text came from. faceted 2026-08 by reading the locally held text (html); every evidence string verified as an exact substring of that text before merging. Claim type is recorded as mechanism rather than method because the paper's headline contribution is an explanation (why parietal and prefrontal cortex differ), even though the work also delivers a reusable circuit model; the tradeoff-amelioration claim ("We highlight a tradeoff that exists when optimizing the recurrent structure...") is the model-building side of the same result. The discussion also sets the model against inactivation studies that found no causal role for parietal cortex in perceptual decisions (Erlich et al., 2015; Katz et al., 2016), but the paper attributes the discrepancy to task differences rather than declaring a contradiction, so no contradicts relation is recorded. 2026-08-13 and 2026-08-15 schema-0.3 passes: every quote verified as an exact substring of the staged text and anchored at merge time; concept terms verified present; every edge endpoint an existing node.

6 quotations on this page contain a reference number where the paper printed a superscript. This journal style prints citations as raised numerals — parameters^12,13 — and the extraction flattened them into the line, so the sentence reads parameters 12 , 13 . The digits are citation markers and not part of what the author wrote. The quotes keep them for the same reason they keep every other extraction fault: a quote is reproduced exactly or it proves nothing.

How to read this page. The article itself is not reproduced here — this paper is not cleared for redistribution, so what follows is the tag layer alone. The evidence sentences are withheld with the article. The table at the foot lists every tag the record carries; each row names the facet it belongs to, and the whose words column says whether the tag records the paper's own wording or the tagger's sentence about the paper. Every tag links to each other paper in the corpus carrying it. The machine-readable edition of the same thing is the TEI file beside this one, where the tags live in standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.

Other fields define these differently the same word, defined another way in another discipline
model 4 fields · selection 3 fields · feedback 3 fields · standard deviation 3 fields · task 2 fields · module 2 fields · and 3 more →

Tags on this paper

Every tag the record carries, each linking to every other paper in the corpus that carries it. A tag appears here whether or not its words occur in the article — the spans below are only the ones a sentence in this paper licenses. Of the 20 concept tags on this paper, none is grounded in a quoted sentence. All carry the tagger's gloss of what the term means in this paper, which is not something the article can license.

PPC PFC module circuit model attractor recurrent distractor evidence selection action inhibition feedback projection tradeoff cell type LIP inactivation task network Lateral inhibition and recurrent self-excitation, both set by J_S, jointly resist a distractor by counteracting activation of the distractor population and deactivation of the target population Structured PFC feedback (same-selectivity excitation plus cross-selectivity inhibition) onto a weak-attractor PPC pushes PPC back into the target memory state after the distractor ends Cross-inhibition from the active target population onto the distractor population produces the surround suppression that keeps distractor responses smaller than target responses Pathway-specific excitation–inhibition balance in the feedforward projection cancels the common-mode drive, so only the difference in activity between the two selection populations reaches the action module Slow synaptic gating variables mean the target population's suppressive effect on the distractor grows as the target-distractor delay lengthens, making later distractors weaker Stronger local recurrence in the PFC module widens its basin of attraction, so transient distractor inputs cannot dislodge the target-encoding state structure of the network tone of the network robust stimulus range discrimination threshold integration time constant error trial target-distractor onset asynchrony (TDOA) recurrent structure strength of feedforward inhibition PFC → PPC feedback structure strength of feedforward excitation feedforward PPC → PFC structure reaction time error rate discrimination threshold and robust stimulus range curve fitting (exponential) fitted the time courses of the firing rates ... with an exponential function autocorrelation performed an autocorrelation on the firing rate standard deviation curve fitting (sigmoid) we fit the fraction of correct trials versus contrast relation ... with a sigmoid mean calculated the mean firing rate for each bin quantile binning split into quintiles correlation correlate with reaction times, both across and within contrast conditions psychometric function fitting the equation commonly used to fit psychometric curves simulation

Legend

second reading	`alternatives`	an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees
relation to other work	`claim_relations`	how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies
claim type	`claim_type`	the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null
concept edge	`concept_edges`	an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it
content tag	`content_tags`	a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper
contribution	`contribution`	what the paper claims to add
control	`controls`	an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation
limitation	`limitations`	what the paper says its evidence cannot support
mechanism	`mechanisms`	how the reported effect is said to come about
method	`method`	how the paper produced its evidence
object of study	`object_of_study`	what the paper is about — the thing it investigates
phenomenon	`phenomenon`	the effect or regularity under study
research question	`research_question`	the question the paper sets itself
sense	`senses`	a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it
transfer	`transfers`	a method or concept carried in from another field

The paper

The full text is not reproduced here. This article is not cleared for redistribution, so the page carries the tag layer only. Its evidence sentences are withheld; the grounding status remains with each tag, and the article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0343-17.2017. The reading view exists for the papers whose licence permits it.

Every tag on this page

alternatives 3 · claim_relations 9 · claim_type 1 · concept_edges 4 · content_tags 68 · contribution 1 · controls 3 · limitations 8 · mechanisms 10 · method 1 · object_of_study 1 · phenomenon 1 · research_question 1 · senses 22 · transfers 2

Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 4 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.

facet	tag	field	conf.	whose words
object_of_study	what two reciprocally connected cortical modules each contribute to working memory and decision-making, when their local recurrent strengths differ Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`object_of_study`		the paper's words
research_question	why two areas whose activity looks similar during these tasks should be assumed to make comparable contributions at all Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`research_question`		the paper's words
contribution	a tradeoff between optimising a circuit for distractor robustness and optimising it for slow evidence integration, and an architecture that ameliorates it by splitting the two across modules Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`contribution`		the paper's words
claim_type	mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_type`		the paper's words
phenomenon	distributed working memory and decision-making in the frontoparietal circuit Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`phenomenon`		the paper's words
method	simulation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: simulation	`method`		the paper's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Lateral inhibition and recurrent self-excitation, both set by J_S, jointly resist a distractor by counteracting activation of the distractor population and deactivation of the target population	`mechanisms[0]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Structured PFC feedback (same-selectivity excitation plus cross-selectivity inhibition) onto a weak-attractor PPC pushes PPC back into the target memory state after the distractor ends	`mechanisms[1]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Cross-inhibition from the active target population onto the distractor population produces the surround suppression that keeps distractor responses smaller than target responses	`mechanisms[2]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Pathway-specific excitation–inhibition balance in the feedforward projection cancels the common-mode drive, so only the difference in activity between the two selection populations reaches the action module	`mechanisms[3]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Slow synaptic gating variables mean the target population's suppressive effect on the distractor grows as the target-distractor delay lengthens, making later distractors weaker	`mechanisms[4]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Stronger local recurrence in the PFC module widens its basin of attraction, so transient distractor inputs cannot dislodge the target-encoding state	`mechanisms[5]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	the module receiving sensory input is a WEAK ATTRACTOR NETWORK so that it can TRANSIENTLY ENCODE DISTRACTORS and function as a saliency map, and so that INTEGRATION of perceptual evidence has A LONG TIMESCALE TO IMPROVE ACCURACY Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[6]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	and the downstream module is a STRONG ATTRACTOR NETWORK, which gives ROBUSTNESS AGAINST DISTRACTORS in memory and lets it RAMP QUICKLY TO THRESHOLD in choice - the same property serving two different functions Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[7]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	with the projections STRUCTURED - NET-EXCITATORY BETWEEN SAME-SELECTIVITY POPULATIONS AND NET-INHIBITORY BETWEEN DIFFERENT-SELECTIVITY POPULATIONS - which is what allows the feedback to SWITCH PPC BACK TO ENCODING THE TARGET after a distractor Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[8]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	and a PATHWAY-SPECIFIC E/I BALANCE in the feedforward projection, which regulates a cascade of activations and PROVIDES A MECHANISM FOR DISCRETE FLOW WITHOUT REQUIRING DIRECT GATING of neuronal responses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`mechanisms[9]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	Distractor simulations fed stimulus input to the parietal module only, which made the prefrontal responses more attenuated than the empirical data. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the distractor-resistance result specifically: WE CONSIDERED INPUT TO THE PPC MODULE ONLY, WHICH RESULTED IN HIGHLY ATTENUATED RESPONSES IN THE PFC - the modelling choice produces the attenuation being reported	`limitations[0]`		the tagger's words
limitations	Simultaneous input to both modules, and how it would interact with the hierarchical recurrence, was not modeled. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the generality of that result: THE EFFECTS OF SIMULTANEOUS EXTERNAL INPUTS TO BOTH MODULES ... REMAINS A TOPIC FOR FUTURE COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES	`limitations[1]`		the tagger's words
limitations	The model uses homogeneous populations and cannot yet account for heterogeneous single-cell dynamics under stable population-level coding. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any comparison with single-cell data: the model uses homogeneous populations, and HOW TO INCLUDE SUFFICIENT HETEROGENEITY ... TO ACCOUNT FOR THE DYNAMIC RESPONSES OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS is an open question	`limitations[2]`		the tagger's words
limitations	modeling distractors used INPUT TO THE PPC MODULE ONLY, WHICH RESULTED IN HIGHLY ATTENUATED RESPONSES IN THE PFC - TO A GREATER EXTENT THAN THE FINDINGS it is compared against, so what was investigated was EFFECTIVELY A SUBCIRCUIT Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: responses to simultaneous external inputs to both modules, which remains a topic for future computational studies	`limitations[3]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	recent INACTIVATION STUDIES FOUND THAT EVEN THOUGH PPC SHOWS DM-RELATED SIGNALS, IT DOES NOT PLAY A CAUSAL ROLE in perceptual decision-making - the tasks differ from the one modeled here Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: random-dot motion and auditory accumulation tasks, which are different from the visuospatial attention task modeled here	`limitations[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER THESE RESULTS CAN BE ACCOUNTED FOR via compensatory mechanisms and/or distributed processing within a broader region, and the issue SHOULD BE ADDRESSED BY FUTURE EXPERIMENTS that consider task design and species-specific differences Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the LIP conclusion: IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER THESE RESULTS CAN BE ACCOUNTED FOR VIA COMPENSATORY MECHANISMS AND/OR DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING WITHIN A BROADER REGION IN PPC THAT INCLUDES LIP	`limitations[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	the model is TWO POPULATIONS rather than a quasi-continuous network, so effects that depend on THE SIMILARITY AND DISTANCE BETWEEN DISTRACTORS AND TARGETS cannot be explored, and generalisation beyond two would be needed for set-size effects Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any effect that depends on graded tuning similarity: the model is a TWO-POPULATION DISCRETE NETWORK rather than a quasi-continuous one, so such effects cannot appear in it	`limitations[6]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	and HOW TO INCLUDE SUFFICIENT HETEROGENEITY to account for THE DYNAMIC RESPONSES OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS BUT STABLE REPRESENTATIONS AT THE POPULATION LEVEL is named as an open question Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[2] - how to include sufficient heterogeneity to account for dynamic single-cell responses under a stable population representation is unresolved	`limitations[7]`	1.0	the tagger's words
transfers	attractor networks, in which strong recurrent excitation and lateral inhibition produce both a stable memory state and winner-take-all competition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`transfers[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
transfers	pathway-specific excitation-inhibition balance, used here to produce discrete flow between stages without a gate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`transfers[1]`	1.0	the tagger's words
controls	one parameter set held fixed across every working-memory and decision-making paradigm tested Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a fit obtained by retuning per phenomenon - WITH A SINGLE SET OF NETWORK PARAMETERS the model captures salient empirical observations across both functions · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held	`controls[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
controls	the feedforward inhibition onto the action cells decreased systematically to break the balance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: the balance being incidental - a STRONGLY IMBALANCED CIRCUIT PRODUCED A DISTINCT TYPE OF ERROR, with action cells ramping BEFORE SELECTION WAS ACCOMPLISHED · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held	`controls[1]`	1.0	the tagger's words
controls	the same two modules run under both task families rather than one Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: an architecture tuned to one function - the tradeoff only appears because both are asked of the same circuit · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held	`controls[2]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	ONE CIRCUIT CANNOT BE OPTIMAL FOR BOTH FUNCTIONS: A SINGLE LOCAL CIRCUIT FACES A TRADEOFF BETWEEN OPTIMIZATION FOR WM VERSUS DM FUNCTION - and the distributed model ameliorates it, capturing the observations WITH A SINGLE SET OF NETWORK PARAMETERS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	with the tradeoff named on its two axes: optimizing the recurrent structure FOR ROBUSTNESS AGAINST DISTRACTORS IN WM VERSUS SLOW INTEGRATION OF EVIDENCE IN DM - ameliorated BY EXTENSION TO TWO MODULES WITH A HIERARCHICAL INCREASE IN RECURRENT STRENGTHS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[1]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	THE MODULES ARE labeled PPC AND PFC THROUGHOUT, AND THEN MAY NOT BE AREAS AT ALL: BOTH MODULES COULD REPRESENT NEURAL POPULATIONS THAT ARE DISTRIBUTED ACROSS MULTIPLE AREAS - visual cells in LIP, FEF and SC, movement cells in FEF and SC. The anatomical names are a reading of the model, not a claim of it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[2]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	THE CAUSAL EVIDENCE AGAINST THE modeled AREA IS CITED, AND ANSWERED BY TASK: RECENT INACTIVATION STUDIES FOUND THAT EVEN THOUGH PPC SHOWS DM-RELATED SIGNALS, IT DOES NOT PLAY A CAUSAL ROLE IN PERCEPTUAL DM - and the reply is that THE RANDOM-DOT MOTION AND AUDITORY ACCUMULATION TASKS WHERE SUCH DEFICITS WERE OBSERVED ARE DIFFERENT FROM THE VISUOSPATIAL ATTENTION TASK WE MODELED, with rat PPC inactivation disrupting VISUAL BUT NOT AUDITORY evidence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[3]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	and the question is left to be settled by design rather than by argument: it SHOULD BE ADDRESSED BY FUTURE EXPERIMENTS THAT CAREFULLY CONSIDER BEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE, TASK DESIGN, SPECIES-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES, AND THE PRESENCE OF EVIDENCE ACCUMULATION IN MULTIPLE SIMULTANEOUSLY RECORDED AREAS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	A MODEL RESULT THAT DOES NOT MATCH THE DATA, WITH THE MISMATCH USED RATHER THAN HIDDEN: input to one module only RESULTED IN HIGHLY ATTENUATED RESPONSES IN THE PFC, TO A GREATER EXTENT THAN THE FINDINGS it is compared with - THUS, IN OUR MODEL WE EFFECTIVELY INVESTIGATED A SUBCIRCUIT Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	THE PREMISE BEING ARGUED AGAINST IS AN INFERENCE FROM RESEMBLANCE: THE GENERAL SIMILARITY OF NEURAL ACTIVITY OF PPC AND PFC DURING WM AND DM HAS SUPPORTED THE VIEW THAT THEY MAKE COMPARABLE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THESE FUNCTIONS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[6]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	and the alternative readings of the same signal are both live: persistent activity MAY BE A LOCALLY GENERATED PHENOMENON OR, ALTERNATIVELY, THE RESULT OF DISTRIBUTED INTERAREAL INTERACTIONS - and IT IS UNCLEAR TO WHAT DEGREE the specialization may be due to INTRINSIC DIFFERENCES IN LOCAL MICROCIRCUITRY Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[7]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	with the unit of description itself in question: recordings have revealed A DIVERSITY OF FUNCTIONALLY DEFINED CELL TYPES, raising QUESTIONS OF THE DIVISION OF LABOR AMONG BRAIN AREAS, OR FUNCTIONAL CELL TYPES - areas or cell types, and the paper does not choose Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[8]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	THE SAME PROPERTY IS GOOD FOR TWO DIFFERENT REASONS, WHICH IS WHY THE ARCHITECTURE WORKS: the strong attractor gives ROBUSTNESS AGAINST DISTRACTORS in memory and lets the module RAMP QUICKLY TO THRESHOLD in choice - and it PREDICTS A DIFFERENCE IN THE REPRESENTATION OF ACCUMULATED VALUE, MORE GRADED IN MODULE 1 AND MORE CATEGORICAL IN MODULE 2 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[9]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	and the weak attractor is chosen for what it fails to hold: it can TRANSIENTLY ENCODE DISTRACTORS, its memory state CAN BE EFFECTIVELY CONTROLLED BY WEAK FEEDBACK, and it supports INTEGRATION WITH A LONG TIMESCALE TO IMPROVE ACCURACY Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[10]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	with the long-range projections STRUCTURED rather than uniform - NET-EXCITATORY BETWEEN SAME-SELECTIVITY POPULATIONS AND NET-INHIBITORY BETWEEN DIFFERENT-SELECTIVITY ones, which is what lets feedback SWITCH PPC BACK TO ENCODING THE TARGET Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[11]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	A PROPERTY DECLARED NOT TO BE LOCAL: the effective strength of the lateral inhibition in PPC IS NOT A PURELY LOCAL PROPERTY AND CAN BE FLEXIBLY CONTROLLED BY TOP-DOWN PREFRONTAL ENGAGEMENT - so a measurement of that circuit is a measurement of its inputs too Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[12]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	and the model is made to say what would falsify it: OUR MODEL PREDICTS THAT PFC INACTIVATION SHOULD DISRUPT THIS MODULATION of surround suppression in PPC, and that weak feedback puts the system in a REMEMBER-LAST regime while engagement switches it to REMEMBER-FIRST Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[13]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	with a second prediction already matched: representations of accumulated evidence are MORE GRADED IN PPC AND MORE CATEGORICAL IN PFC, AS SUPPORTED BY SINGLE-NEURON RECORDINGS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[14]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	BREAKING THE MECHANISM PRODUCES A DISTINCT ERROR RATHER THAN A DEGRADED ONE: a STRONGLY IMBALANCED CIRCUIT PRODUCED A DISTINCT TYPE OF ERROR - ACTION CELLS STARTED RAMPING BEFORE THE POPULATIONS OF SELECTION CELLS HAD DIVERGED, that is BEFORE SELECTION WAS ACCOMPLISHED - and the modulation gave A SMOOTH TRADEOFF BETWEEN SPEED AND ACCURACY, A PLAUSIBLE MECHANISM AMONG OTHERS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[15]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	and the balance is what removes the need for a separate gate: PATHWAY-SPECIFIC BALANCE THEREBY PROVIDES A MECHANISM FOR DISCRETE FLOW WITHOUT REQUIRING DIRECT GATING OF NEURONAL RESPONSES Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[16]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	THE FRAMEWORK IS FLEXIBLE ENOUGH TO DO BOTH JOBS, WHICH IS THE PROBLEM IT CREATES: attractor networks CONSTITUTE A FLEXIBLE TYPE OF COGNITIVE CIRCUIT CAPABLE OF PERFORMING BOTH WM AND DM - so the same architecture explains both, and the specialisation has to come from somewhere else Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[17]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	and the claim is made for design principles rather than for the brain: the study SUGGESTS IMPORTANT DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR CONSTRUCTING MULTIREGIONAL NEURAL CIRCUIT MODELS, and the model MAY THEREFORE INSTANTIATE FEATURES OF A CANONICAL COGNITIVE CIRCUIT USEFUL FOR STUDYING distributed computation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[18]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	with the division of labor stated as the finding: PPC TRANSIENTLY ENCODES DISTRACTORS WHILE PFC FILTERS DISTRACTORS AND SUPPORTS WM ROBUSTNESS, and the PPC module generates GRADED representations of accumulated evidence while PFC generates MORE CATEGORICAL responses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[19]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	and the limits are listed as extensions: a QUASI-CONTINUOUS network for distractor-target similarity, MORE THAN TWO POPULATIONS for set-size effects, and A SPIKING CIRCUIT MODEL for synchronisation between the areas Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[20]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	with the hardest one named separately: how to include SUFFICIENT HETEROGENEITY to account for THE DYNAMIC RESPONSES OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS BUT STABLE REPRESENTATIONS AT THE POPULATION LEVEL Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[21]`	1.0	the tagger's words
alternatives	claim_type: mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: mechanism — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides.	`alternatives.claim_type`		the tagger's words
alternatives	method: a parsimonious two-module attractor model with hierarchical differences in recurrent strength and structured long-range projections, tested with a single parameter set Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: simulation — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides.	`alternatives.method`		the tagger's words
alternatives	phenomenon: stimulus-selective persistent activity and ramping evidence accumulation, which appear in both areas and have been read as comparable contributions Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: distributed working memory and decision-making in the frontoparietal circuit — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides.	`alternatives.phenomenon`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	builds-on → Wang (2002) and Wong and Wang (2006) local attractor-network models of working memory and decision-making Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[0]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	extends → Hanks et al. (2015) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[1]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	extends → Murray et al. (2014b) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[2]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	critiques → the view that two areas make comparable contributions because their activity looks similar during the same tasks Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: the local recurrent strength, which differs hierarchically between the modules	`claim_relations[3]`	1.0	the tagger's words
claim_relations	qualifies → inactivation results showing that parietal cortex is not causally required for perceptual decisions Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: the task - random-dot motion and auditory accumulation against the visuospatial attention task modeled here	`claim_relations[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
claim_relations	supports → single-neuron recordings showing more graded evidence representations in parietal and more categorical ones in prefrontal cortex Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
claim_relations	extends → local attractor-network models of working memory and decision-making, by asking what changes when two such circuits are coupled Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[6]`	1.0	the tagger's words
claim_relations	predicts → that inactivating prefrontal cortex should disrupt the top-down modulation of surround suppression in parietal cortex Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[7]`	1.0	the tagger's words
claim_relations	supports → combined stimulation-imaging work in humans showing a role for prefrontal feedback in distractor filtering Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[8]`	0.9	the tagger's words
concept_edges	circuit —causes→ tradeoff Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: A SINGLE LOCAL CIRCUIT FACES A TRADEOFF BETWEEN OPTIMIZATION FOR WM VERSUS DM FUNCTION - and the distributed model captures the observations WITH A SINGLE SET OF NETWORK PARAMETERS Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says a single circuit faces a tradeoff; causes is loose. also in: circuit · tradeoff	`concept_edges[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
concept_edges	cell type —part-of→ circuit Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: A DIVERSITY OF FUNCTIONALLY DEFINED CELL TYPES, raising QUESTIONS OF THE DIVISION OF LABOR AMONG BRAIN AREAS, OR FUNCTIONAL CELL TYPES - the unit of description is left open Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says frontoparietal circuits contain diverse cell types; part-of is loose. also in: cell type · circuit	`concept_edges[11]`	1.0	the tagger's words
concept_edges	attractor —operationalised-as→ recurrent Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: attractor networks CONSTITUTE A FLEXIBLE TYPE OF COGNITIVE CIRCUIT CAPABLE OF PERFORMING BOTH WM AND DM - which is why specialisation must come from elsewhere Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but attractor networks work through strong recurrent interactions; operationalised-as is loose. also in: attractor · recurrent	`concept_edges[12]`	1.0	the tagger's words
concept_edges	feedback —causes→ inhibition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: A PROPERTY DECLARED NOT TO BE LOCAL - the effective strength of the lateral inhibition in PPC IS NOT A PURELY LOCAL PROPERTY AND CAN BE FLEXIBLY CONTROLLED BY TOP-DOWN PREFRONTAL ENGAGEMENT Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span suggests lateral inhibition can be controlled by top-down feedback; causes is loose. also in: feedback · inhibition	`concept_edges[16]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	curve fitting (exponential) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: curve fitting (exponential)	`content_tags.statistics[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	autocorrelation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: autocorrelation	`content_tags.statistics[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	standard deviation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: standard deviation	`content_tags.statistics[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	curve fitting (sigmoid) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: curve fitting (sigmoid)	`content_tags.statistics[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	mean Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: mean	`content_tags.statistics[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	quantile binning Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: quantile binning	`content_tags.statistics[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: correlation	`content_tags.statistics[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	psychometric function fitting Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: psychometric function fitting	`content_tags.statistics[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Recurrent structure must pass a threshold for winner-take-all selection, but increasing it further limits the gradual accumulation of sensory evidence. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	a TRADEOFF EXISTS WHEN OPTIMIZING THE RECURRENT STRUCTURE FOR ROBUSTNESS AGAINST DISTRACTORS IN WM VERSUS SLOW INTEGRATION OF EVIDENCE IN DM, and the model AMELIORATES THIS TRADEOFF BY EXTENSION TO TWO MODULES with a hierarchical increase in recurrent strengths Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Both modules hold persistent activity during working memory, but the PPC module encodes intervening distractors transiently while the PFC module filters them out and keeps the memory robust. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	During perceptual decision-making the PPC module represents accumulated evidence in a graded fashion while the PFC module produces more categorical, choice-related responses. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Observing persistent activity in one area of a distributed circuit does not necessarily imply that the area is independently capable of multistability. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Feedback projections from the PFC module are what switch the PPC module back to encoding the target after a distractor is withdrawn. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	WITHOUT FEEDBACK FROM PFC, THE DISTRACTOR STIMULUS SWITCHES THE NETWORK TO ENCODING THE DISTRACTOR, WHICH IT CONTINUES TO ENCODE THROUGH THE SUBSEQUENT DELAY Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	For the given parameters, the PFC module's intrinsic fluctuation timescale is 3.44 times slower than the PPC module's. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	relative to PPC, the surround suppression of the distractor population in PFC is STRONGER, toward a lower baseline activity, and MORE RAPID, with a lower time constant Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[8]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Weakening feedforward inhibition in the selection-to-action pathway makes responses faster but less accurate, i.e. it implements a speed–accuracy tradeoff. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[9]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	The tradeoff is ameliorated when local recurrent structure increases hierarchically from the PPC/selection module to the PFC/action module. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[10]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Breaking pathway-specific excitation–inhibition balance creates a new error type in which action cells commit to a quasi-random choice before the selection cells have discriminated the target. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[11]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	When the feedforward pathway is balanced, every simulated error comes from the selection cells mis-selecting the distractor rather than the target. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[12]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	A SINGLE LOCAL CIRCUIT FACES A TRADEOFF BETWEEN OPTIMIZATION FOR WM VERSUS DM FUNCTION Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[13]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	the tradeoff is between ROBUSTNESS AGAINST DISTRACTORS IN WM VERSUS SLOW INTEGRATION OF EVIDENCE IN DM, ameliorated BY EXTENSION TO TWO MODULES WITH A HIERARCHICAL INCREASE IN RECURRENT STRENGTHS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[14]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	BOTH MODULES COULD REPRESENT NEURAL POPULATIONS THAT ARE DISTRIBUTED ACROSS MULTIPLE AREAS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[15]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	RECENT INACTIVATION STUDIES FOUND THAT EVEN THOUGH PPC SHOWS DM-RELATED SIGNALS, IT DOES NOT PLAY A CAUSAL ROLE IN PERCEPTUAL DM, and IN RATS, INACTIVATION OF PPC DISRUPTS THE ACCUMULATION OF VISUAL BUT NOT AUDITORY EVIDENCE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[16]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	input to the PPC module only RESULTED IN HIGHLY ATTENUATED RESPONSES IN THE PFC, TO A GREATER EXTENT THAN THE FINDINGS compared against - THUS, IN OUR MODEL WE EFFECTIVELY INVESTIGATED A SUBCIRCUIT Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[17]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	THE GENERAL SIMILARITY OF NEURAL ACTIVITY OF PPC AND PFC DURING WM AND DM HAS SUPPORTED THE VIEW THAT THEY MAKE COMPARABLE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THESE FUNCTIONS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[18]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	WM-related persistent activity MAY BE A LOCALLY GENERATED PHENOMENON OR, ALTERNATIVELY, THE RESULT OF DISTRIBUTED INTERAREAL INTERACTIONS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[19]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	single-neuron recordings have revealed A DIVERSITY OF FUNCTIONALLY DEFINED CELL TYPES, raising QUESTIONS OF THE DIVISION OF LABOR AMONG BRAIN AREAS, OR FUNCTIONAL CELL TYPES Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[20]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	representations of accumulated evidence are MORE GRADED IN PPC AND MORE CATEGORICAL IN PFC, AS SUPPORTED BY SINGLE-NEURON RECORDINGS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[21]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	the authors suggest that the effective strength of lateral inhibition in PPC IS NOT A PURELY LOCAL PROPERTY AND CAN BE FLEXIBLY CONTROLLED BY TOP-DOWN PREFRONTAL ENGAGEMENT Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[22]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	OUR MODEL PREDICTS THAT PFC INACTIVATION SHOULD DISRUPT THIS MODULATION OF SURROUND SUPPRESSION IN PPC Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[23]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	PATHWAY-SPECIFIC BALANCE PROVIDES A MECHANISM FOR DISCRETE FLOW WITHOUT REQUIRING DIRECT GATING OF NEURONAL RESPONSES Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[24]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	A STRONGLY IMBALANCED CIRCUIT PRODUCED A DISTINCT TYPE OF ERROR - action cells STARTED RAMPING BEFORE THE POPULATIONS OF SELECTION CELLS HAD DIVERGED IN ACTIVITY Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[25]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	attractor networks CONSTITUTE A FLEXIBLE TYPE OF COGNITIVE CIRCUIT CAPABLE OF PERFORMING BOTH WM AND DM Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[26]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	PPC TRANSIENTLY ENCODES DISTRACTORS WHILE PFC FILTERS DISTRACTORS AND SUPPORTS WM ROBUSTNESS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[27]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	the model MAY INSTANTIATE FEATURES OF A CANONICAL COGNITIVE CIRCUIT USEFUL FOR STUDYING DISTRIBUTED COMPUTATION IN THE BRAIN Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[28]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	how to include SUFFICIENT HETEROGENEITY to account for THE DYNAMIC RESPONSES OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS BUT STABLE REPRESENTATIONS AT THE POPULATION LEVEL is an open question Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[29]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	structure of the network Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: structure of the network	`content_tags.definitions[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	tone of the network Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: tone of the network	`content_tags.definitions[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	module Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: module	`content_tags.definitions[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	robust stimulus range Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: robust stimulus range	`content_tags.definitions[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	discrimination threshold Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: discrimination threshold	`content_tags.definitions[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	integration time constant Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: integration time constant	`content_tags.definitions[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	error trial Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: error trial	`content_tags.definitions[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	target-distractor onset asynchrony (TDOA) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: target-distractor onset asynchrony (TDOA)	`content_tags.definitions[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	attractor Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: attractor	`content_tags.definitions[8]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	module Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: module	`content_tags.definitions[9]`	0.9	the tagger's words
content_tags	recurrent structure Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: recurrent structure	`content_tags.variables[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	target-distractor onset asynchrony (TDOA) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: target-distractor onset asynchrony (TDOA)	`content_tags.variables[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	strength of feedforward inhibition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: strength of feedforward inhibition	`content_tags.variables[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	PFC → PPC feedback structure Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: PFC → PPC feedback structure	`content_tags.variables[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	strength of feedforward excitation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: strength of feedforward excitation	`content_tags.variables[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	feedforward PPC → PFC structure Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: feedforward PPC → PFC structure	`content_tags.variables[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	reaction time Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: reaction time	`content_tags.variables[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	error rate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: error rate	`content_tags.variables[8]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	discrimination threshold and robust stimulus range Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: discrimination threshold and robust stimulus range	`content_tags.variables[9]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	recurrent Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: recurrent	`content_tags.variables[10]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	inhibition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: inhibition	`content_tags.variables[11]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	3.44 times — how much slower the modeled PFC module's spontaneous fluctuation timescale is than the PPC module's Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	127 ms, 438 ms — fluctuation timescales extracted from the autocorrelation of spontaneous firing in the PPC and PFC modules respectively Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	0.13 and 0.19 — Quotation withheld Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	81.6% — the accuracy level used to define the discrimination threshold in the simulated two-alternative forced choice task Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	∼560 ms — median decision time of the moderate-structure network for a zero-contrast stimulus (slow integration) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	∼430 ms — median decision time of the higher-structure network for the same zero-contrast stimulus (curtailed integration) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	40, 12, and 7 Hz — firing-rate thresholds used to read out reaction time, target discrimination time and action-cell onset time Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	J S (2→2) = 0.4182 nA — the local recurrent structure assigned to Module 2 (PFC), higher than Module 1's 0.35 nA Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	a single set of network parameters — the constraint the model holds itself to across every paradigm tested, which is what makes the fit informative rather than fitted Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[8]`	1.0	the tagger's words

Interpretive choices

Tags that could not be placed in the text:

none — every tag was located in the text

What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.