standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 1 relation here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| claim_type | method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | bidirectional optogenetic control of individual inhibitory neurons in freely-moving mice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | system-or-tool-building Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: system-or-tool-building | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. about this quote: THE QUOTE CONTINUES A SENTENCE THAT THIS COPY CUTS IN TWO - a figure caption (Fig. 9) and an author-contribution block stand between it and the words it follows, which are not adjacent to it in the extraction. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | With excitatory-cell expression, a non-illuminated opsin-free neuron may inherit a rate increase or decrease through glutamatergic connections from directly illuminated pre-synaptic neurons - which is why the inhibitory-cell design reverses the sign and makes the inference possible. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | Each dual-color unit takes about six hours of manual assembly. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any plan to build these at scale: ASSEMBLING A SINGLE DUAL-COLOR OPTICAL UNIT REQUIRES ABOUT SIX HOURS OF WORK | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Unit weight over 0.5 g caps how many can be mounted on a small animal. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: how many units a small animal can carry: EACH UNIT WEIGHS OVER 0.5 g | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Only a fraction of PV interneurons expressed both opsins, so not all blue-responsive cells were also red-responsive. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the bidirectional control claim for the population: A THIRD LIMITING FACTOR IS THE PERCENTAGE OF PV INTERNEURONS WITH DOUBLE EXPRESSION OF BOTH CaMKII AND JAWS | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The inference from a rate increase to direct illumination carries a named exception, and it is stated inside the sentence the conclusion is drawn from. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: reading a light-evoked rate increase in an inhibitory cell as direct activation: the paper states this holds with the caveat of disynaptic dis-inhibition | limitations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The design space is bounded by what is commercially available and by the physical envelope, not by what the experiment would ideally need. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the wavelengths and powers available in this device: the diodes were chosen to fit a 3.8 mm can, a 100 mA maximal current limitation and low threshold currents | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The design space was bounded by the model before it was bounded by experiment: butt-coupling was excluded on modelled grounds, so the reported geometry is the survivor of a simulated elimination rather than a measured comparison. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[5] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | The simple astigmatic Gaussian beam model, a solution of the paraxial Helmholtz equation from laser-beam physics, is imported to predict coupling efficiency and set the optical pathway lengths of the implantable neural device. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | the tagger's words | |
| controls | a baseline recording period of at least 15 minutes preceding photostimulation in every session Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: that the spiking and LFP changes attributed to photostimulation were already present before the light was applied · outcome: held | controls[0] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | disynaptic dis-inhibition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: disynaptic dis-inhibition | concepts[0] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | predictive model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: predictive model | concepts[1] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | laser diode Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: laser diode | concepts[2] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | ChR2 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ChR2 | concepts[3] | 0.9 | the paper's words |
| concepts | rate increase Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: rate increase | concepts[4] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| senses | evidence of direct optogenetic activation - a rate increase after blue light, whose interpretation REVERSES depending on whether the opsin-expressing cell is excitatory or inhibitory Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. about this quote: THE QUOTE CONTINUES A SENTENCE THAT THIS COPY CUTS IN TWO - a figure caption (Fig. 9) and an author-contribution block stand between it and the words it follows, which are not adjacent to it in the extraction. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | feasibility - established by a PREDICTIVE MODEL of alternative optical designs before any unit was built, so the design was selected against a model rather than against measurements Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | rate increase - evidence of DIRECT illumination only because the illuminated cell is inhibitory, so the synaptic route would lower the rate; the one surviving alternative, disynaptic dis-inhibition, is named as a caveat Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. about this quote: THE QUOTE CONTINUES A SENTENCE THAT THIS COPY CUTS IN TWO - a figure caption (Fig. 9) and an author-contribution block stand between it and the words it follows, which are not adjacent to it in the extraction. | senses[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | extends → the authors' earlier GRIN-lens waveguide dual-color device (references [16], [17]) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → previous demonstrations of activating and silencing the same neuron in brain slices, a head-fixed mouse and a freely-moving rat (references [8], [26], [16], [15]) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | rate increase —distinct-from→ disynaptic dis-inhibition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 0.9 · about this quote: THE QUOTE CONTINUES A SENTENCE THAT THIS COPY CUTS IN TWO - a figure caption (Fig. 9) and an author-contribution block stand between it and the words it follows, which are not adjacent to it in the extraction. · note: THE PAPER NAMES THE CONFOUND IN THE SENTENCE THAT MAKES THE INFERENCE. Choosing an INHIBITORY cell reverses the expected synaptic sign, so a rate increase after blue light can only be direct illumination - 'with the caveat of disynaptic dis-inhibition'. The design turns a confound into a signature, and the one route that survives is stated in the same breath rather than left to a reader. also in: rate increase · disynaptic dis-inhibition | concept_edges[0] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Mann-Whitney U test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Mann-Whitney U test | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | binomial test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: binomial test | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Poisson test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Poisson test | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | effect size Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: effect size | content_tags.statistics[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | principal component analysis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: principal component analysis | content_tags.statistics[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Gaussian mixture model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. about this quote: THE QUOTE CONTINUES A SENTENCE THAT THIS COPY CUTS IN TWO - a figure caption (Fig. 6) and a running head stand between it and the words it follows, which are not adjacent to it in the extraction. also in: Gaussian mixture model | content_tags.statistics[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | confidence bands Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: confidence bands | content_tags.statistics[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | mean and standard deviation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: mean and standard deviation | content_tags.statistics[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | standard error of the mean Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: standard error of the mean | content_tags.statistics[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The dual-color unit delivered 454±271 µW at 450 nm and 8.65±2.26 mW at 638 nm at the fiber tip at 100 mA. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The blue and red illumination profiles from the shared fiber overlapped by 46%. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The two wavelengths did not interact optically: their spectra at the fiber end were separate and no spectral interference occurred during simultaneous dual-color illumination. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Nine of 74 interneurons (12%) were controlled bidirectionally through the same fiber, raising their spike rate under blue light and lowering it under red light. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Blue light produced stronger effects than red light. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The second-order effects on pyramidal cells were strictly sign-appropriate for inhibition: no pyramidal cell was excited by blue light and none was suppressed by red light. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Laser heating did not exceed 7 °C even under prolonged pulsed illumination. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Wide-band recordings during blue and red illumination were clean. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The paper claims the first conclusive demonstration that a single identified neuron can be both activated and silenced in a freely-moving animal. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The approach's main cost is labour: each dual-color optical unit takes roughly six hours to assemble. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | SAG model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: SAG model | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | driving current Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: driving current | content_tags.variables[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | spike rate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spike rate | content_tags.variables[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | light power Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: light power | content_tags.variables[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | device temperature Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: device temperature | content_tags.variables[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | epochs with no stimulation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: epochs with no stimulation | content_tags.variables[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | inhibitory cell type Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: inhibitory cell type | content_tags.variables[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 454±271 µW and 8.65±2.26 mW — Light power at the etched fiber tip at 100 mA drive current for the 450 nm and 638 nm laser diodes respectively Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 46% — Spatial overlap (intersection over union) of the blue and red illumination profiles at the fiber tip Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 630±55 mg — Average weight of one assembled dual-color optical unit Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 2.77 g — Weight of a complete implantation-ready four-shank dual-color probe with microdrive Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 230 — Total number of well-isolated cells recorded from neocortex and CA1 across the three mice Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 36 of 80 INT; 45% — Proportion of recorded interneurons that increased their spike rate during blue-light illumination Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 37/77, 48% — Proportion of recorded interneurons that decreased their spike rate during red-light illumination through the same fiber Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 9/74 of the INT; 12% — Proportion of interneurons controlled bidirectionally (activated by blue and silenced by red) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | h= 0.61±0.04 — Effect size of the blue-light-driven firing-rate increase in responsive interneurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 7 °C — Maximum on-head temperature rise of the laser can during prolonged illumination in a behaving mouse Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | under 31°C — Peak bench-test temperature of an optical unit under prolonged high-load operation, below mammalian body temperature Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[10] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 1.14±0.11 MΩ — Impedance of each silicon-probe recording site measured at 1 kHz in saline Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[11] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 14.9±5.3 MΩ — Electrical isolation between diode anode-cathode and the grounded Faraday shield, high enough to make EMI negligible Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[12] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | three freely-moving male mice — Number of animals implanted, all heterozygous for PV-Cre and expressing ChR2 and Jaws in PV interneurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[13] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | about six hours — Assembly time for a single dual-color optical unit, the method's main practical cost Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[14] | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.