standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
This record holds no relations between concepts. A layer is empty when the tagger recorded nothing in it — which is not the same as the paper having nothing to record.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| claim_type | method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | spike sorting of high-channel-count extracellular recordings Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | system-or-tool-building Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: system-or-tool-building | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Manual operator curation is still needed despite the automatic merging heuristic, mainly because of electrode drift and other non-stationarities. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any claim that the pipeline is automatic: OPERATOR CURATION IS STILL REQUIRED, PRIMARILY DUE TO NON-STATIONARITIES IN THE RECORDINGS SUCH AS ELECTRODE DRIFT | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The optimisation can settle in non-optimal local minima, which the authors only ameliorate by annealing several parameters. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the reproducibility of a given sort: LIKE MOST CLUSTERING ALGORITHMS, THIS MODEL IS PRONE TO NON-OPTIMAL LOCAL MINIMA | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The speed comparison against the established framework was not run at the largest channel count, so no 384-channel baseline exists. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the speed comparison as a guide at the largest channel counts: the established framework NEEDED 480 MINUTES TO SORT THE 32 CHANNEL RECORDING, AND 15,000 MINUTES (10 DAYS) TO SORT THE 128 CHANNEL RECORDING, and no 384-channel comparison was run | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The ground-truth spikes are the curated output of one of the two algorithms being compared. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the accuracy comparison reported here: the hybrid ground truth data set was built from all the clusters of a recording previously analysed with KlustaKwik and curated by a human expert, and KlustaKwik is the algorithm Kilosort is compared against | limitations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The accuracy benchmark was made by cropping a larger one. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the 32-channel accuracy results: the authors detail only the 32 channel benchmarks, which they created by cropping the full 128 channel hybrid benchmark | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | Scores are also reported after a best-possible merging step that no user could perform. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any score quoted from this figure: panels g-i repeat the results after greedy best possible merges, and a further panel gives the number of merges required to reach the best score | limitations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | the denoised waveform SUBTRACTED from its original location after being added elsewhere Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: an artificial increase in spike density at any point on the probe - a hybrid-data test that adds spikes without removing them changes the very statistic the sorter is being judged on · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | hybrid ground truth Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: hybrid ground truth | concepts[0] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | KlustaKwik Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: KlustaKwik | concepts[1] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | human expert Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: human expert | concepts[2] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | greedy best possible merges Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: greedy best possible merges | concepts[3] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | ground truth neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ground truth neurons | concepts[4] | the paper's words | |
| senses | ground truth, here - MANUFACTURED, NOT OBSERVED: the paper's own term is 'hybrid ground truth', and the data set is made by taking human-curated clusters from a previous analysis, denoising their waveforms and re-inserting them elsewhere in a real recording, so the target the sorters must recover is a cleaned copy of an earlier judgement Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the reference standard's provenance - THE COMPETITOR'S OUTPUT: the clusters come from a recording previously analysed with KlustaKwik, which is the algorithm Kilosort is being compared against; re-insertion at new locations makes detection a fresh problem, but the standard is still derived from one of the things measured against it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the reported score - GIVEN TWICE, ONCE AFTER AN ORACLE MERGE: the same panels are repeated after greedy best possible merges, with the number of merges needed to reach that best score shown separately, so one of the two numbers is an upper bound rather than an outcome Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | extends → a previous template-matching method (numbered reference 6) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → masked KlustaKwik (numbered reference 18) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → the hybrid ground truth benchmarking technique (numbered reference 18) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | singular value decomposition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: singular value decomposition | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | k-means clustering Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: k-means clustering | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | covariance matrix estimation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: covariance matrix estimation | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Gaussian distribution Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Gaussian distribution | content_tags.statistics[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Kilosort represents the raw voltage as a sum of template waveforms triggered at spike times, which allows spatiotemporally overlapping spikes to be identified and resolved rather than missed. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The established KlustaKwik framework needed 480 minutes to sort a 32-channel recording and 15,000 minutes a 128-channel one on a CPU cluster, and Kilosort was a significant improvement on that. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | On hybrid ground-truth data Kilosort yielded well-isolated units (score above 0.9) for 53% of ground-truth neurons versus 35% for KlustaKwik. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | After greedy best-possible operator merges Kilosort still led, 69% of units above score 0.9 against 60% for KlustaKwik. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Kilosort's accuracy advantage came from missing fewer spikes rather than from fewer false positives, which the authors attribute to its resolution of overlapping spikes. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Fitting each spike with its own three-component spatiotemporal SVD ("private PCs") left about five times less residual waveform variance than one common per-channel PCA basis. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Kilosort's run time scales linearly with the number of recorded neurons rather than the number of channels. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Kilosort Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Kilosort | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | spike sorting Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spike sorting | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | common average referencing Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: common average referencing | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | zero-phase component analysis (ZCA) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: zero-phase component analysis (ZCA) | content_tags.definitions[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | hybrid ground truth Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: hybrid ground truth | content_tags.definitions[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | private PCs Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: private PCs | content_tags.definitions[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | run time Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: run time | content_tags.variables[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | spike density Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spike density | content_tags.variables[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | miss rate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: miss rate | content_tags.variables[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | false positive rate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: false positive rate | content_tags.variables[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 10, 29 and 140 minutes — Kilosort run times for 32-, 128- and 384-channel recordings on a single GTX 980Ti workstation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 480 minutes / 15,000 minutes (10 days) — KlustaKwik run times for the 32-channel and 128-channel recordings, the comparison baseline Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 53% vs 35% — share of ground-truth neurons sorted with a score above 0.9 by Kilosort versus KlustaKwik before manual merges Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 69% vs 60% — share of units scoring above 0.9 for Kilosort versus KlustaKwik after best possible merges Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | ∼5 times — reduction in residual waveform variance from per-spike private PCs relative to a single per-channel PCA Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 16 — number of hybrid ground-truth dataset instantiations on which both algorithms were run Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Nchan/Nrank — factor by which the low-rank template decomposition reduces filtering operations, with channel count typically above 100 and template rank typically 3 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.