Coding of auditory temporal and pitch information by hippocampal individual cells and cell assemblies in the rat

Coding of auditory temporal and pitch information by hippocampal individual cells and cell assemblies in the rat Sakurai

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Coding of auditory temporal and pitch information by hippocampal individual cells and cell assemblies in the rat 2002 Neuroscience 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00509-2 Sakurai2002-coding-of-auditory-temporal-and-pitch-inform Sakurai2002-coding-of-auditory-temporal-and-pitch-inform.txt, the project's staged copy 8d0948ff8eeca22eafc10756135ac23869de81b1 not-redistributable neuroscience

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them mechanism Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. hippocampal cell-assembly coding of auditory pitch and duration Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. electrophysiology electrophysiology Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Individual neurons belong to more than one cell assembly, so an assembly can distinguish two tasks that no single member neuron can distinguish - which is how the rat behaves differently while single-cell activity does not differentiate Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Coding a task consists in the neurons of the corresponding assembly becoming correlated in activity while that task is being performed Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The pitch and duration information may in fact be coded first in sensory cortex and only reflected in hippocampus. what this limits: the claim that the hippocampus codes this information: THE SENSORY INFORMATION OF INPUTS (DURATION AND PITCH) AND/OR THE TASKS WITH THEM MIGHT BE CODED AND PROCESSED FIRST IN SENSORY AREAS AND THEN PASSED ONTO AND REFLECTED IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Recording within one region cannot capture assemblies that are distributed across regions. what this limits: the assemblies this design can detect: INVESTIGATION OF A GLOBAL CELL ASSEMBLY AMONG PLURAL REGIONS IS NECESSARY, BECAUSE ENSEMBLE CODING BY CELL ASSEMBLIES CAN BE DIFFUSE Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Whether the dual-coding scheme generalises beyond hippocampus is untested here. what this limits: the generality of the dual-coding scheme: OTHER BRAIN REGIONS SHOULD ALSO BE STUDIED, AS DUAL CODING WITH CELL ASSEMBLY MIGHT BE COMMON ACROSS MANY DIFFERENT BRAIN REGIONS Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Neuron pairs with fewer than 2000 combined discharges were excluded from the cross-correlation analysis. what this limits: every cross-correlation result, which describes the more active pairs: NEURON PAIRS WHOSE COMBINED TOTAL NUMBERS OF DISCHARGES WERE LESS THAN 2000 DURING A TASK WERE NOT INCLUDED Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The cell-assembly model is described as supported by the correlation analysis, not established by it. what this limits: the cell-assembly account offered here: the authors state that cross-correlation analysis among simultaneously recorded neurons supported the suggested model Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The interpretation of temporal coding rests on an imported philosophical argument. what this limits: the claim that time is coded together with other stimulus attributes: the authors invoke a philosophical argument that we tend to perceive time not as independent information but as information concomitant with other physical attributes of stimuli Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Bergson's philosophical account of time perception is imported as the interpretive model for why duration is never coded on its own but always alongside another stimulus attribute Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. one of the four discriminative stimuli presented in random order at the start of every trial, in both tasks eliminates: the animal anticipating which stimulus is coming - a predictable sequence would let it prepare the response before the stimulus arrives, which is the thing the neurons are being read for · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. cell assemblies cell assemblies Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. single neurons single neurons Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. dual coding dual coding Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Cross-correlation analysis Cross-correlation analysis Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. philosophical argument philosophical argument Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the division of labour - TWO LEVELS, TWO OBJECTS, IN ONE SENTENCE: single neurons encode the auditory pitches and temporal lengths themselves, while cell assemblies encode the TYPE OF TASK - the context in which that information is processed - so 'the hippocampus codes pitch' is true at one level and beside the point at the other Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. dual coding - A BORROWED NAME, ATTRIBUTED: the paper states the phenomenon HAS BEEN CALLED dual coding and cites the source, then reports it demonstrated in several brain regions, so the term arrives with a history rather than being coined here; the citation itself is cut from the span because the staged text mangles the author name Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the cell-assembly model's standing - SUPPORTED BY A CORRELATION: the verification is that cross-correlation analysis among simultaneously recorded neurons supported the suggested model, which is a consistency check rather than an independent measurement of an assembly Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → Sakurai (1996a) cell-assembly coding model of stimulus-discrimination tasks Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → dual-coding hypothesis (Arieli et al., 1996; Riehle et al., 1997; de Oliveira et al., 1997) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Henri Bergson's theory of the perception of time (Bergson, 1889) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. cell assemblies —contrasted-with→ single neurons cell assemblies single neurons differs in: what each level encodes: the stimulus attributes themselves, or the type of task in which they are processed · strength of the relation: 1 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Wilcoxon signed-rank test Wilcoxon signed-rank test Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Kruskal-Wallis test Kruskal-Wallis test Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Mann-Whitney U test Mann-Whitney U test Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. chi-squared chi-squared Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. confidence interval confidence interval Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Every hippocampal neuron that discriminated long from short tones in the duration task was also task-related in the pitch task, without exception. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Neurons related only to the pitch task were the most numerous class, and not a single neuron was related to the duration task alone. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The author infers that temporal information cannot be coded independently by dedicated neurons, whereas pitch information can. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The cell assembly encoding the duration task is not separate but sits entirely inside the assembly encoding the pitch task. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 37 neuron pairs supported the nested cell-assembly hypothesis against 11 that did not. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The study concludes for dual coding: single neurons carry both the pitch and the duration of the tones, while cell assemblies carry which task (context) the animal is performing. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. dual coding dual coding Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. cross-correlation analysis cross-correlation analysis Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. single-neuron coding single-neuron coding Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. cell-assembly coding cell-assembly coding Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. type of information type of information Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. discriminative stimulus discriminative stimulus Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. activity correlation activity correlation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 113 — total hippocampal neurons recorded, split 68 in CA1 and 45 in CA3 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 48 — neuron pairs that entered the cross-correlation analysis, 28 from CA1 and 20 from CA3 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 37 ... 11 — neuron pairs supporting versus contradicting the nested cell-assembly model Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. X2(2) = 48.1, P 6 .001 — chi-squared test showing the three classes of task-related neurons differ in proportion Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 12 — number of 5-month-old male albino rats used Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 85 dB ... 10 kHz ... 2 kHz — intensity and the high/low frequencies of the four discriminative tones, presented at 3 s or 1 s Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 85% — correct-trial criterion each rat had to reach in a session before moving on in training Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00509-2.