Sleep Differentially Affects Early and Late Neuronal Responses to Sounds in Auditory and Perirhinal Cortices

Sela, Krom, Bergman, Regev, Nir · Journal of Neuroscience · 2020 · sleep-neuroscience · 10.1523/jneurosci.1186-19.2020 · record Sela2020-sleep-differentially-affects-early-and-late
tag layer · index · concepts · authors · עברית

Where this record's text came from. faceted 2026-08 by reading the locally held text (html); every evidence string verified as an exact substring of that text before merging. Replication status refers to the paper's headline claim (robust PRC attenuation), which it describes as "the first direct neuronal evidence for attenuation of auditory responses in natural sleep"; the secondary auditory-cortex result is however explicitly a replication — "Quotation withheld" The fourth claim_relation names the thalamic gating model as target although the quoted sentence says only "a discrete “gate” at a specific brain region"; the model is named earlier in the Introduction ("Early studies ( Gücer, 1979 ; Livingstone and Hubel, 1981 ) contributed to the “thalamic gating” model ( Steriade and McCarley, 1990 )"). The corpus should note that the sample is male rats only — the paper states this in Materials and Methods but never frames it as a limitation, so it is not recorded as one. 2026-08-12 and 2026-08-15 schema-0.3 passes: every quote verified as an exact substring of the staged text and anchored at merge time; concept terms verified present; every edge endpoint an existing node.

A publisher correction exists for this article. PUBLISHER CORRECTION NOT FETCHED. A publisher correction notice exists for this article and is NOT present in the staged text: searching the staged body for 'correction', 'erratum', 'retraction' and 'publisher' returns nothing in Sela2020 and, in Pho2018, only a statistical use of the word ('no correction for multiple comparisons'). Every tag on this record is therefore anchored to the UNCORRECTED text. The correction has not been fetched and the text has NOT been re-staged, by a project decision of 2026-08-13. This is record-level provenance and carries no quote, because there is nothing in the staged text to quote.

How to read this page. The article itself is not reproduced here — this paper is not cleared for redistribution, so what follows is the tag layer alone. The evidence sentences are withheld with the article. The table at the foot lists every tag the record carries; each row names the facet it belongs to, and the whose words column says whether the tag records the paper's own wording or the tagger's sentence about the paper. Every tag links to each other paper in the corpus carrying it. The machine-readable edition of the same thing is the TEI file beside this one, where the tags live in standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.

Other fields define these differently the same word, defined another way in another discipline
standard deviation 3 fields · confidence interval 2 fields · response latency 2 fields

Tags on this paper

Every tag the record carries, each linking to every other paper in the corpus that carries it. A tag appears here whether or not its words occur in the article — the spans below are only the ones a sentence in this paper licenses. Of the 7 concept tags on this paper, all 7 are grounded in a quoted sentence. All carry the tagger's gloss of what the term means in this paper, which is not something the article can license.

sleep sensory disconnection response latency perirhinal cortex auditory cortex thalamic gating targeted memory reactivation NREM sleep imposes a graded, cumulative attenuation that builds up along the processing hierarchy rather than a single discrete gate at one anatomical station Breakdown of cortical effective connectivity in NREM sleep means signals lose more strength at each additional synapse, so responses arriving later are attenuated more the disconnection is not at the sensory front end: auditory cortex responds nearly as strongly asleep as awake, so whatever gates perception acts further downstream perirhinal cortex is the candidate site because it is multimodal, downstream of several primary cortices, and carries intrinsic inhibition controlling flow to the hippocampus the operative variable is TIME not PLACE: whatever suppresses the response acts on late activity wherever it occurs, not on a particular region the older explanation - thalamic gating - was already in trouble, because olfactory responses that bypass the thalamus are attenuated too NREM REM attenuation spiking activity vigilance states gain factor early- and late-responding neurons spontaneous firing rate neuronal ON/OFF periods vigilance state cortical region Mann-Whitney U test two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test Mann-Whitney test (one-tailed) a one-tailed Mann–Whitney test false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons corrected via false discovery rate significance level (alpha) Wilcoxon signed-rank test via signed-rank tests correlation Pearson correlation coefficients confidence interval z score expressed as z scores relative to baseline standard deviation mean ± SD proportion electrophysiology

Legend

second reading	`alternatives`	an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees
relation to other work	`claim_relations`	how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies
claim type	`claim_type`	the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null
concept edge	`concept_edges`	an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it
concept	`concepts`	an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it
content tag	`content_tags`	a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper
contribution	`contribution`	what the paper claims to add
control	`controls`	an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation
limitation	`limitations`	what the paper says its evidence cannot support
mechanism	`mechanisms`	how the reported effect is said to come about
method	`method`	how the paper produced its evidence
object of study	`object_of_study`	what the paper is about — the thing it investigates
phenomenon	`phenomenon`	the effect or regularity under study
research question	`research_question`	the question the paper sets itself
sense	`senses`	a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it

The paper

The full text is not reproduced here. This article is not cleared for redistribution, so the page carries the tag layer only. Its evidence sentences are withheld; the grounding status remains with each tag, and the article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1186-19.2020. The reading view exists for the papers whose licence permits it.

Every tag on this page

alternatives 2 · claim_relations 7 · claim_type 1 · concept_edges 2 · concepts 7 · content_tags 50 · contribution 1 · controls 2 · limitations 7 · mechanisms 6 · method 1 · object_of_study 1 · phenomenon 1 · research_question 1 · senses 3

Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 2 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.

facet	tag	field	conf.	whose words
object_of_study	Auditory responses of neurons in auditory cortex and in the downstream perirhinal cortex, compared across wakefulness, NREM and REM sleep. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`object_of_study`		the paper's words
research_question	Auditory cortex responds to sound much the same asleep as awake - so where along the pathway does the sleeping brain actually stop listening? Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`research_question`		the paper's words
contribution	Perirhinal responses are attenuated by 47% in NREM and 36% in REM while auditory cortex barely changes - and response latency predicts the attenuation better than cortical region does. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`contribution`		the paper's words
claim_type	existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_type`		the paper's words
phenomenon	sleep attenuation of auditory responses in high-order cortex Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`phenomenon`		the paper's words
method	electrophysiology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: electrophysiology	`method`		the paper's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: NREM sleep imposes a graded, cumulative attenuation that builds up along the processing hierarchy rather than a single discrete gate at one anatomical station	`mechanisms[0]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Breakdown of cortical effective connectivity in NREM sleep means signals lose more strength at each additional synapse, so responses arriving later are attenuated more	`mechanisms[1]`		the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: the disconnection is not at the sensory front end: auditory cortex responds nearly as strongly asleep as awake, so whatever gates perception acts further downstream	`mechanisms[2]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: perirhinal cortex is the candidate site because it is multimodal, downstream of several primary cortices, and carries intrinsic inhibition controlling flow to the hippocampus	`mechanisms[3]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: the operative variable is TIME not PLACE: whatever suppresses the response acts on late activity wherever it occurs, not on a particular region	`mechanisms[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
mechanisms	mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: the older explanation - thalamic gating - was already in trouble, because olfactory responses that bypass the thalamus are attenuated too	`mechanisms[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	Stimulation was passive, so effects of behaviourally relevant or rewarded sounds were not assessed. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any claim about behaviourally relevant sounds: WE USED A PASSIVE AUDITORY STIMULATION SCHEME WHERE SOUNDS WERE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC BEHAVIORS OR REWARDS	`limitations[0]`		the tagger's words
limitations	The latency-attenuation relationship found in NREM sleep did not hold in REM sleep. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the latency-attenuation relationship outside NREM: IN REM SLEEP, ATTENUATION DID NOT CLEARLY FOLLOW RESPONSE LATENCY AS WAS THE CASE DURING NREM SLEEP (DATA NOT SHOWN)	`limitations[1]`		the tagger's words
limitations	The proposed REM-sleep explanation is offered as speculation. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the REM explanation only: ALTHOUGH SPECULATIVE, IT IS POSSIBLE THAT, DURING REM SLEEP, ONGOING MNEMONIC ACTIVITY DURING DREAMING INTERFERES WITH BOTTOM-UP SENSORY PROCESSES	`limitations[2]`		the tagger's words
limitations	Ten rats, male only, in two strains. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the population the result speaks for: EXPERIMENTS WERE PERFORMED IN 8 LONG-EVANS AND 2 WISTAR ADULT MALE RATS	`limitations[3]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	The result is a correlate, and the paper says the mediating mechanism remains to be investigated. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the causal reading: the finding REPRESENTS A NOVEL NEURAL CORRELATE OF SENSORY DISCONNECTION DURING SLEEP, with the mediating mechanism left to future work	`limitations[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
limitations	Prior evidence about perirhinal auditory responses is inconsistent, with anaesthetised preparations failing to find them at all. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any comparison with the anaesthetised perirhinal literature: SEPARATE STUDIES DURING ANESTHESIA DID NOT REVEAL SIGNIFICANT AUDITORY RESPONSES AS ONE MOVES VENTRALLY TOWARD RHINAL cortex, while waking studies find reliable responses	`limitations[5]`	0.9	the tagger's words
limitations	The literature the study enters is thin: few studies have examined sensory responses in natural sleep at the neuronal level at all. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the evidence base this study joins: SURPRISINGLY, ONLY FEW STUDIES INVESTIGATED SENSORY RESPONSES DURING NATURAL SLEEP AT THE NEURONAL LEVEL	`limitations[6]`	1.0	the tagger's words
controls	neurons with peak latencies in the 20-40 ms band DROPPED from the latency-based split, keeping only <20 ms and >40 ms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: ambiguous cases deciding the early/late contrast - a neuron near the boundary can fall either side on noise, and those are exactly the cases a threshold chosen after looking would assign favourably · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held	`controls[0]`	0.95	the tagger's words
controls	the first second after each auditory stimulus EXCLUDED before smoothing when detecting OFF periods Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: stimulus-induced firing reductions being counted as spontaneous OFF periods - the sound itself suppresses firing, so an OFF-period detector run over that window would find the stimulus and report sleep · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held	`controls[1]`	0.95	the tagger's words
concepts	sleep Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: sleep	`concepts[0]`	1.0	the paper's words
concepts	sensory disconnection Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: sensory disconnection	`concepts[1]`	1.0	the paper's words
concepts	response latency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: response latency	`concepts[2]`	1.0	the paper's words
concepts	perirhinal cortex Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: perirhinal cortex	`concepts[3]`	1.0	the paper's words
concepts	auditory cortex Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: auditory cortex	`concepts[4]`	1.0	the paper's words
concepts	thalamic gating Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: thalamic gating	`concepts[5]`	1.0	the paper's words
concepts	targeted memory reactivation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: targeted memory reactivation	`concepts[6]`	1.0	the paper's words
senses	sleep - behavioural: the state in which an animal stops responding to what happens around it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[0]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	sleep - neural: a set of vigilance states, NREM and REM, that attenuate responses by different amounts Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[1]`	1.0	the tagger's words
senses	disconnection - not an absence of processing: discriminative sensory processing continues while perception does not follow Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`senses[2]`	1.0	the tagger's words
alternatives	claim_type: existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: existence — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides.	`alternatives.claim_type`		the tagger's words
alternatives	phenomenon: sensory disconnection during sleep, and where along the cortical hierarchy it takes effect Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: sleep attenuation of auditory responses in high-order cortex — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides.	`alternatives.phenomenon`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	replicates → reports of preserved auditory cortical responses across vigilance states (Issa and Wang, 2008; Nir et al., 2015) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[0]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	extends → Krom et al. (2018), the same early/late distinction observed in humans under light anesthesia Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[1]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	contradicts → Pereira et al. (2007), increased hippocampal responses to somatosensory microstimulation during sleep Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[2]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	contradicts → the "thalamic gating" model (Steriade and McCarley, 1990), which posits a discrete gate rather than graded attenuation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE AXIS IS RESPONSE LATENCY. 'The robust correlation of NREM sleep attenuation with response latency suggests that NREM sleep may exert A GRADUAL ATTENUATION of cortical responses, RATHER THAN IMPOSING A DISCRETE GATE at a specific brain region.' A gate predicts a step at one locus; the graded alternative predicts a monotone relationship with latency - so the two accounts differ on a measurable parameter rather than on a location.	`claim_relations[3]`		the tagger's words
claim_relations	replicates → prior findings that auditory cortex responses are comparable across wakefulness and sleep Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[4]`	1.0	the tagger's words
claim_relations	contradicts → the thalamic gating model of sleep-related sensory disconnection Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[5]`	0.9	the tagger's words
claim_relations	extends → human imaging work showing attenuation downstream of sensory cortex during sleep Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`claim_relations[6]`	0.9	the tagger's words
concept_edges	EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · perirhinal cortex —contrasted-with→ auditory cortex Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. EVIDENCE CORRECTED: RE-GROUNDED. The old span named neither area. This sentence names both and states the contrast with its direction - modest changes in auditory cortex, robust attenuation in perirhinal. — strength of the relation: 1 also in: perirhinal cortex · auditory cortex	`concept_edges[0]`		the tagger's words
concept_edges	RETRACTED (THE 'to' ENDPOINT IS THE TAGGER'S PHRASE) · sleep —causes→ sensory disconnection Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. RETRACTED: THE 'to' ENDPOINT IS THE TAGGER'S PHRASE. The edge is 'sleep --causes--> sensory disconnection'. The span: 'WERE ROBUSTLY…' 'Sensory disconnection' does not occur - as a word or at all. What the sentence reports is a MEASURED ATTENUATION with two numbers attached; 'sensory disconnection' is the interpretation those numbers are usually put to, supplied from knowledge of the literature. TRUE OF THE FIELD, UNSUPPORTED BY THE SPAN - and note the edge also drops the 47% and 36%, which are the only things the sentence actually establishes. Found by the neighbour query. — strength of the relation: 1 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span says responses were attenuated during sleep; the endpoint 'sensory disconnection' is interpretive. also in: sleep · sensory disconnection	`concept_edges[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Mann-Whitney U test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Mann-Whitney U test	`content_tags.statistics[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Mann-Whitney test (one-tailed) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Mann-Whitney test (one-tailed)	`content_tags.statistics[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons	`content_tags.statistics[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	significance level (alpha) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: significance level (alpha)	`content_tags.statistics[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Wilcoxon signed-rank test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Wilcoxon signed-rank test	`content_tags.statistics[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: correlation	`content_tags.statistics[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	confidence interval Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: confidence interval	`content_tags.statistics[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	z score Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: z score	`content_tags.statistics[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	standard deviation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: standard deviation	`content_tags.statistics[8]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: correlation	`content_tags.statistics[9]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	proportion Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: proportion	`content_tags.statistics[10]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	Auditory cortex responses changed only about 10% across vigilance states, whereas perirhinal cortex responses were cut by 47% in NREM sleep and 36% in REM sleep. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Median gain factors quantified the perirhinal attenuation as -47% in NREM sleep and -36% in REM sleep, with confidence intervals excluding zero. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Auditory cortex neurons showed only small median gain changes of -12% in NREM sleep and -6% in REM sleep. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Across all recorded neurons, the later a neuron's peak response latency, the more its response was attenuated in NREM sleep, a strong negative correlation. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Neurons whose latency did not match their region behaved according to latency, not anatomy: late-responding auditory cortex neurons were attenuated by 43% while early-responding perirhinal neurons were attenuated by only 3%. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Early-responding neurons showed modest gain change in NREM sleep (-5.4%) against robust attenuation (-41%) for late-responding neurons, an eightfold difference. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	85% of neurons peaking under 20 ms were in auditory cortex and 89% of those peaking over 40 ms were in perirhinal cortex. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Baseline firing rates in auditory cortex were 21-26% higher in wakefulness and REM sleep than in NREM sleep. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Within NREM sleep, late-responding neurons responded more strongly to sounds delivered during local OFF periods than during ON periods. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[8]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Short-latency neurons tended to have narrower action potential waveforms than long-latency neurons. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[9]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	Auditory cortex responses change only about 10% between waking and sleep - replicating earlier work. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[10]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	Perirhinal responses fall by 47% in NREM and 36% in REM sleep. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[11]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	Late responses are suppressed wherever they occur, so latency rather than anatomy is the better predictor of sleep attenuation. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[12]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	Sleep does not abolish sensory processing - some discriminative processing survives even though stimuli rarely reach perception. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.findings[13]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	gain factor Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: gain factor	`content_tags.definitions[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	early- and late-responding neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: early- and late-responding neurons	`content_tags.definitions[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	spontaneous firing rate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spontaneous firing rate	`content_tags.definitions[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	thalamic gating Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: thalamic gating	`content_tags.definitions[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	neuronal ON/OFF periods Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: neuronal ON/OFF periods	`content_tags.definitions[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	sleep Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: sleep	`content_tags.definitions[5]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	perirhinal cortex Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: perirhinal cortex	`content_tags.definitions[7]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	vigilance state Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: vigilance state	`content_tags.variables[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	cortical region Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: cortical region	`content_tags.variables[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	response latency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: response latency	`content_tags.variables[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	435 — Number of neuronal clusters whose sound-evoked spiking was recorded Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[0]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	47% and 36% — Attenuation of perirhinal cortex responses during NREM sleep and REM sleep respectively Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[1]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	r = −0.55, p = 10 −15 — Correlation between a neuron's peak response latency and its NREM sleep gain attenuation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[2]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	85% / 89% — Proportion of sub-20 ms neurons located in auditory cortex, and of over-40 ms neurons located in perirhinal cortex Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[3]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	−43% ... −3% — NREM gain factor for latency-atypical neurons: late-responding AC neurons versus early-responding PRC neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[4]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	8-fold — Difference in NREM attenuation between early- and late-responding neurons recorded on the same microwire Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[5]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	21%–26% — Excess baseline firing rate of auditory cortex neurons in wakefulness or REM sleep relative to NREM sleep Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[6]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	n = 10 — Number of adult male rats implanted with microwire arrays Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[7]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	n = 178 ... n = 132 — Numbers of responsive neuronal clusters assigned to auditory cortex and to perirhinal cortex by histology Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[8]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	15 ± 6.3%, 41 ± 6.2%, and 8 ± 2.4% — Proportion of experiment time spent in quiet wake, NREM sleep and REM sleep Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[9]`		the tagger's words
content_tags	435 neuronal clusters — size of the recorded population across both regions Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[10]`	0.85	the tagger's words
content_tags	47% (NREM) and 36% (REM) — attenuation of perirhinal auditory responses relative to wakefulness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[11]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	~10% — the much smaller change in auditory cortex response gain across vigilance states Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[12]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	<20 ms in AC, >40 ms in PRC — typical response latencies, and the axis along which attenuation is organised Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[13]`	1.0	the tagger's words
content_tags	10 rats — 8 Long-Evans and 2 Wistar adult males Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.	`content_tags.quantities[14]`	1.0	the tagger's words

Interpretive choices

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