standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| second reading | alternatives | an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees |
| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| contribution | contribution | what the paper claims to add |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| research question | research_question | the question the paper sets itself |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 14 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | an instrument: independent optical control of many sites in the brain of a freely moving animal, with the stimulated neurons recorded at the same time Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| research_question | how to stimulate exactly the neurons being monitored, when electrodes hear only 60 μm and every existing light source reaches far further than that Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | research_question | the paper's words | |
| contribution | a diode-fiber assembly light enough to put one on every shank - local photostimulation and recording of the same cells, without light artifacts, spike superposition or a fiber tether Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | contribution | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | multisite optogenetic control of neurons in freely moving animals Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | system-or-tool-building Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: system-or-tool-building | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | the light is weak and the fiber tip is close, so the illuminated volume is about 0.001 mm 3 - the cells the light reaches are the cells the shank can hear Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | a drop of index-matching glue at the diode-fiber interface, which cuts the reflective losses at each interface from 8% to under 1% Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | and the same glue admits skew rays from all directions, which is where the doubling in coupling efficiency actually comes from Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | with the light path perpendicular to the recording sites and the power several orders of magnitude below laser stimulation, so there are no local field potential artifacts to interpret Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The spatial confinement of the photostimulus is itself a drawback for experiments that need a whole structure controlled synchronously. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the confinement that is the method's selling point: FOR SOME APPLICATIONS, THE USE OF SPATIALLY RESTRICTED PHOTOSTIMULATION FOR LOCALIZED NEURONAL CONTROL IS ACTUALLY A LIMITATION - an advantage for one use and a defect for another | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The 1/d scattering model used to estimate light intensity overestimates power beyond 1 mm from the fiber tip. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: every light-intensity figure beyond 1 mm from the tip: THE MODEL CONSISTENTLY OVERESTIMATED POWER AT DISTANCES >1 MM, while POWER AT SHORTER DISTANCES WAS WELL-APPROXIMATED | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The fluorescein-bath measurement of the light cone is only an approximation of the real geometric light distribution in brain tissue. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the measured light cone: THIS IS ONLY A PROXY TO THE REAL GEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION OF LIGHT IN THE BRAIN SINCE SCATTERING MAY CONTRIBUTE ... ESPECIALLY AT SHORT WAVELENGTHS | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | THE PAPER'S HEADLINE ADVANTAGE, RE-TAGGED AS A LIMITATION: spatially restricted photostimulation IS ACTUALLY A LIMITATION for experiments requiring synchronous control of an entire structure Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: experiments requiring synchronous control of an entire structure, where the spatial extent should be two to three orders of magnitude higher than the 0.001 mm 3 a shank can monitor | limitations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the scattering model consistently overestimated power beyond 1 mm, and scattering ran 5 to 10% higher in tissue that was not fresh Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[1], plus the tissue caveat: SCATTERING WAS SLIGHTLY HIGHER (5-10%) IN NONFRESH TISSUE | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the fluorescein image is declared A PROXY ONLY for the real geometric distribution of light in the brain, since scattering contributes to it at short wavelengths Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. duplicate of: limitations[2] · what this limits: the same scope as limitations[2] - the fluorescein image stands in for the real distribution | limitations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the high fraction of light-modulated units MAY BE DUE TO transduction rates and the proximity of the fiber tip rather than to anything general Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the fraction of units reported as light-modulated: it MAY BE DUE TO THE HIGH ChR2 TRANSDUCTION RATES ... AND THE PROXIMITY OF THE FIBER TIP TO THE RECORDING SITES | limitations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | and the count of illuminated cells rests on an assumed neuronal density and IGNORES SHADOWING by the probe shank Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the count of illuminated cells: THE ESTIMATION ... ASSUMES NEURONAL DENSITY OF 20,000 CELLS/MM3 AND IGNORES SHADOWING BY THE PROBE SHANK | limitations[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | with the number of fibers a freely moving animal can be tethered to limited to one or two, which RESTRICTED the range of scientific questions that could be addressed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: what could be asked before this method, not only what could be measured: SINCE THE NUMBER OF FIBERS A FREELY MOVING ANIMAL CAN BE TETHERED TO IS LIMITED (1-2 FOR SMALL RODENTS), THE RANGE OF SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS THAT COULD BE ADDRESSED WAS RESTRICTED | limitations[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | for a uniform planar (Lambertian) light source and a straight cleaved optical fiber having a numerical aperture, the maximum coupling efficiency of Hudson 1974 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | the tagger's words | |
| transfers | reflective losses, quantified by the Fresnel equations at each interface, and skew rays - two factors with opposing practical implications, both ignored in the standard coupling formula Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | a 1/d scattering model fitted to power measured through a block of brain, giving a scattering coefficient per wavelength Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | red laser diodes driven by similar currents, yielding light at the fiber tip that subtended a similar illuminated volume of brain tissue Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | waveguides embedded in the probe shank, named as the route to scaling the number of sources Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[4] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | closed-loop triggering - the recorded signal decides when the stimulus happens Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | spike waveforms during light compared with waveforms during spontaneous activity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: the light distorting or superimposing the spikes it evokes - median waveform consistencies 0.977 against 0.983, U test P = 0.19 · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | units recorded on the shanks that were NOT illuminated, 200 μm and further away Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: the effect spreading beyond the illuminated shank - 52% modulated on the lit shank against 6.8% nearby, at chance level by an exact binomial test · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | the same cross-correlation histograms computed over a duration-matched baseline period before any stimulation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: the correlations being native rather than induced - the baseline histograms were nearly flat WITH AN EXCEPTION, a 1-ms lag between the units on shanks 4 and 3 · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): partial | controls[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | the wideband traces inspected for photoelectrical artifacts at the light powers actually used Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: light artifacts masquerading as physiology - the weak stimulus produced no LFP artifacts, unlike powers three orders of magnitude higher · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | the scattering fit repeated across tip morphology, source power and brain region Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: the attenuation constant depending on how it was measured - it did not, EXCEPT that scattering was 5 to 10% higher in nonfresh tissue and the model overestimates beyond 1 mm · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): partial | controls[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE PAPER'S HEADLINE ADVANTAGE, RE-TAGGED AS A LIMITATION BY ITS OWN AUTHORS: for some applications the use of SPATIALLY RESTRICTED PHOTOSTIMULATION for localized neuronal control IS ACTUALLY A LIMITATION - where synchronous control of an entire structure is wanted, the spatial extent should be two to three ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE HIGHER than the 0.001 mm 3 that can be monitored Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and the resolution is not a better setting but a different question - THE SPECIFIC LIGHT SOURCES AND FIBERS SHOULD BE TAILORED TO THE SCIENTIFIC QUESTION AT HAND Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | ONE INTERVENTION, TWO COMPONENTS, OPPOSITE SIGNS: the index-matching glue reduces reflective losses considerably, to under 1%, BUT AT A COST OF REDUCING the effective acceptance angle of the fiber BY 41% Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the same glue on the other component: its effect on the SKEW RAYS acceptance angle is DIAMETRICALLY OPPOSITE from its effect on the meridional one, enabling acceptance from all directions and A TWOFOLD INCREASE in coupling efficiency - the net sign is empirical, not derivable Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | with the two ignored factors named as ignored: TWO FACTORS, WHICH HAVE OPPOSING PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS, WERE IGNORED IN THE FOREGOING - reflective losses, and skew rays Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | A MEASURED CONSTANT THAT DISAGREES WITH THE PUBLISHED ONE, AND THE DISAGREEMENT DECLARED NOT TO MATTER: blue-light scattering 7.18 against a previously reported 10.3 for rat brain, explained by the slightly different testing conditions - and IN ANY EVENT estimates were SIMILAR REGARDLESS OF THE PRECISE NUMBER USED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the model's own failure stated with its range: it CONSISTENTLY OVERESTIMATED power beyond 1 mm while fitting well below it, and scattering was 5 to 10% higher in nonfresh tissue Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and the empirical map declared a proxy: THIS IS ONLY A PROXY to the real geometric distribution of light in the brain, since scattering may contribute, ESPECIALLY AT SHORT WAVELENGTHS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | WHY THE LIGHT HAS TO BE WEAK AND CLOSE: electrodes can only disambiguate spikes of neurons up to 60 μm away, so stimulating from the surface or from a fiber a few hundred μm off INEVITABLY ACTIVATES MANY MORE UNMONITORED NEURONS THAN ARE BEING MONITORED, MAKING THE SEPARATION BETWEEN DIRECT AND POPULATION-MEDIATED EFFECTS IMPOSSIBLE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and strong light of ANY wavelength carries energy dissipated as HEAT, which has a MIXED DE-/HYPERPOLARIZING effect - a confound that does not depend on the opsin at all Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE SAME LIGHT, THE OPPOSITE SIGN, DECIDED BY THE PROMOTER: identical parameters in CA1 give robust spiking of pyramidal cells in CaMKII::ChR2 mice, and in PV::ChR2 mice spiking of interneurons FOLLOWED BY SILENCING of the nearby pyramidal cells Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | A 25% CHANGE IN DOSE FLIPS THE OUTCOME: 70% of the 0.35 mW/mm 2 blue pulses overcame the red-light hyperpolarization but ONLY 10% of the 0.28 mW/mm 2 pulses did - the same two opsins, the same cells, and a sharp threshold between activation and silencing Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | a statistical definition rescued by the data's own shape: the definition of light-modulated spiking WAS STATISTICAL, but the modulation indices exhibited a BIMODAL distribution, 0.045 against 0.76 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | with the fraction itself hedged - the relatively high fraction MAY BE DUE TO high transduction rates and the proximity of the fiber tip Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE UNIT IS DEFINED BY THREE NUMBERED GATES BEFORE ANY RESULT IS COMPUTED: peak-to-peak amplitude above 50 microvolts, L ratio below 0.05, and a clear refractory period - and then a fourth for the statistics, at least 100 spikes above 0.01 spikes/s Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | an idealisation declared inside a figure legend: the estimate ASSUMES neuronal density of 20,000 cells/mm 3 and IGNORES SHADOWING by the probe shank Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the temporal resolution stated as three numbers that mean different things - center-of-mass 12 ms, latency 5.5 ms, and precision, the across-trial SD, 2 ms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | AND THE INSTRUMENT'S PURPOSE IS A DEBATE: spatiotemporally sequenced activity at different timescales COULD ADDRESS THE DEBATE ON RATE VS. TEMPORAL CODING - the same debate Levi2022 would later call rooted in definitions Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and the synthetic pattern is taken up by the native one: units driven by nonperiodic photostimuli exhibited PHASE PRECESSION, indicating that NATIVE NETWORK DYNAMICS CAN INCORPORATE SYNTHETIC PATTERNS OF ACTIVITY Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | with the constraint that motivated the whole device stated as a number: the number of fibers a freely moving animal can be tethered to is ONE TO TWO for small rodents, and that RESTRICTED THE RANGE OF SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS THAT COULD BE ADDRESSED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[19] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| alternatives | claim_type: method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: method — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.claim_type | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | method: couple a miniature diode to a small-core fiber etched to a point, glue it 50 μm above the top recording site, and drive each diode from its own precision current channel Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: system-or-tool-building — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.method | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | phenomenon: light-evoked spiking in intact tissue, and how far in space and time the evoked spikes stay where they were aimed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: multisite optogenetic control of neurons in freely moving animals — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.phenomenon | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → Royer et al. 2010 (small-core fibers coupled to DPSS lasers at low power) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | contradicts → Aravanis et al. 2007 (published blue-light scattering coefficient for rat brain) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Fujisawa et al. 2008 (probe implantation methods) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | contradicts → the previously reported blue-light scattering coefficient for rat brain, 10.3, against 7.18 measured here Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: light was shined through brain slices in the previous measurements, which causes reflective losses | claim_relations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → stimulation from the brain surface or from large fibers hundreds of μm away, which activates far more neurons than are monitored Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE AXIS IS THE MISMATCH BETWEEN THE RECORDED AND THE ILLUMINATED VOLUME. 'such electrodes can only record and disambiguate spikes of nearby (UP TO 60 UM) NEURONS, [so] stimulation of continuously monitored cells requires placing the light source very close to the recording site.' The recording radius is given as a number and the stimulated volume is larger - so a causal claim from optogenetics rests on cells that were driven and never observed. | claim_relations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → large-core fibers driven by strong light sources, which add heat, photoelectrical artifacts and synchronous activation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE AXIS IS HEAT AS A CONFOUND OF THE LIGHT ITSELF. 'Quotation withheld.' The control for an optogenetic manipulation is light, and light is not inert - the confound is a property of the energy delivered, so it is present in every experiment of this kind at sufficient power. | claim_relations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | distinguishes-from → small-core fibers coupled to lasers at low power, which solved the artifact problem but not the tether limit of one to two fibers Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE AXIS IS THE TETHER LIMIT, GIVEN AS A NUMBER. 'THESE ISSUES WERE PREVIOUSLY ADDRESSED IN PART BY COUPLING SMALL-CORE FIBERS TO DPSS LASERS DRIVEN AT LOW POWER, BUT SINCE THE NUMBER OF FIBERS A freely moving animal can be tethered to is limited (1-2 FOR SMALL RODENTS), the range of scientific questions that could be addressed was restricted.' The earlier solution is credited with fixing the artifact and charged with a different limit - so the two are not better and worse, they fail at different points. | claim_relations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | supports → coincidence between the illuminated volume and the volume a silicon probe shank can monitor, as the condition for separating direct from population-mediated effects Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | predicts → that MEMS integration of diode dies with waveguides in the shank will scale up the number of light sources Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[8] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | qualifies → its own central advantage, which is a limitation whenever the question needs an entire structure driven at once Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: THE AXIS IS WHETHER THE QUESTION NEEDS A WHOLE STRUCTURE DRIVEN AT ONCE. 'Quotation withheld.' The paper's own headline advantage is a defect for a class of question, said by the authors - so 'higher spatial precision' is not an improvement, it is a trade whose sign depends on the experiment. | claim_relations[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | photostimulation —is-a→ limitation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: THE HEADLINE ADVANTAGE RE-TAGGED AS A LIMITATION BY ITS OWN AUTHORS - spatially restricted photostimulation IS ACTUALLY A LIMITATION for experiments requiring synchronous control of an entire structure
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span calls spatially restricted photostimulation a limitation for some uses; is-a is loose. also in: photostimulation · limitation | concept_edges[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | fiber —causes→ volume Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: and the choice is not a better setting but a different question - THE SPECIFIC LIGHT SOURCES AND FIBERS SHOULD BE TAILORED TO THE SCIENTIFIC QUESTION AT HAND
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but multiple fibers can illuminate a large volume; causes is loose. | concept_edges[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | reflective losses —causes→ coupling Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: TWO FACTORS, WHICH HAVE OPPOSING PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS, WERE IGNORED IN THE FOREGOING - reflective losses, quantified by the Fresnel equations at 8%, and skew rays
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but reflective losses and skew rays have opposing implications for coupling; causes is loose and unsigned. also in: reflective losses · coupling | concept_edges[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | skew rays —causes→ coupling Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but reflective losses and skew rays have opposing implications for coupling; causes is loose and unsigned. | concept_edges[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | index —causes→ reflective losses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but a matched coupling index reduces reflective losses; the edge carries no direction. also in: index · reflective losses | concept_edges[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | index —causes→ acceptance angle Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: ONE INTERVENTION, OPPOSITE SIGNS - the glue reduces reflective losses to under 1% BUT AT A COST OF REDUCING the effective acceptance angle BY 41%
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span relates the coupling index to the acceptance angle; causes is loose. also in: index · acceptance angle | concept_edges[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | skew rays —contrasted-with→ meridional Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but skew rays versus meridional rays; contrasted-with is implied. also in: skew rays · meridional | concept_edges[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | light —causes→ artifact Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: the high intensity used for deep neurons may generate superposition of multiple spike waveforms and CONSIDERABLE LIGHT ARTIFACTS
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the span discusses artifacts from light near electrodes; causes is loose. | concept_edges[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | light —causes→ heat Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: strong light OF ANY WAVELENGTH carries considerable energy dissipated as heat - a confound that does not depend on the opsin | concept_edges[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | heat —causes→ neuron Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: local heating has a MIXED DE-/HYPERPOLARIZING effect, which may confound and/or limit the effect of the optogenetic manipulation itself
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but local heating can affect neurons; causes is loose. | concept_edges[19] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | photostimulation —causes→ rate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: a statistical definition rescued by the data's own shape - the definition WAS STATISTICAL, but the indices were BIMODAL, 0.045 against 0.76
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but light modulation indices compare firing during photostimulation with baseline; causes 'rate' is terse. also in: photostimulation · rate | concept_edges[29] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | interneuron —causes→ pyramidal Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: THE SAME LIGHT, THE OPPOSITE SIGN, DECIDED BY THE PROMOTER - identical parameters give pyramidal spiking in CaMKII::ChR2 and, in PV::ChR2, interneuron spiking FOLLOWED BY SILENCING of nearby pyramidal cells
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but PV-driven interneurons silenced nearby pyramidal cells; causes 'pyramidal' drops the silencing. also in: interneuron · pyramidal | concept_edges[33] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | rate —contrasted-with→ temporal coding Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: THE INSTRUMENT'S PURPOSE IS A DEBATE - the same debate Levi2022 would later call ROOTED IN DEFINITIONS
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span names the 'debate on rate vs. temporal coding'; contrasted-with is attributed. also in: rate · temporal coding | concept_edges[40] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | diode —part-of→ silicon probe Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: and the stated next step is to stop gluing - MEMS integration of diode dies with waveguides embedded IN the shanks
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but MEMS 'can be used to' integrate diode dies with a silicon probe's shanks; part-of is prospective. also in: diode · silicon probe | concept_edges[41] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Mann-Whitney U test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Mann-Whitney U test | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Wilcoxon signed-rank test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Wilcoxon signed-rank test | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | chi-squared test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: chi-squared test | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Kruskal-Wallis test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Kruskal-Wallis test | content_tags.statistics[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | exact binomial test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: exact binomial test | content_tags.statistics[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | permutation test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: permutation test | content_tags.statistics[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: correlation | content_tags.statistics[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | principal component analysis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: principal component analysis | content_tags.statistics[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | multiple-comparison correction Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: multiple-comparison correction | content_tags.statistics[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | regression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: regression | content_tags.statistics[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | standard deviation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: standard deviation | content_tags.statistics[10] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | standard error Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: standard error | content_tags.statistics[11] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | goodness of fit Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: goodness of fit | content_tags.statistics[12] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | U test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: U test | content_tags.statistics[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | exact binomial test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: exact binomial test | content_tags.statistics[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | permutation test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: permutation test | content_tags.statistics[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | r 2 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: r 2 | content_tags.statistics[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | L ratio Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: L ratio | content_tags.statistics[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Weak blue light delivered through the fiber-coupled LEDs drove 42% of recorded hippocampal units (57 of 135) to change their firing rate in freely moving rats. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | spike waveforms during light and during spontaneous activity were SIMILAR - median waveform consistencies 0.977 for light-modulated and 0.983 for nonresponsive units, U test P = 0.19 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | units recorded on the illuminated shank were often modulated, 20/39 units or 52%, whereas the fraction of modulated units on other shanks was AT CHANCE LEVEL Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Light-evoked spiking was temporally precise, with a median across-trial jitter of 2 ms. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Blue light with identical parameters in CA1 of PV::ChR2 mice drove interneurons to spike and then silenced nearby pyramidal cells. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | reliable activation of units on shank 1 during blue light pulses and robust silencing of THE SAME UNITS during the red light pulses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | An index-matching coupling medium at the diode-fiber interface doubled the light output, to 30-50 microwatts for blue LEDs. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | these units exhibited phase precession Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | the mean scattering coefficients depended on wavelength Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | the fraction of significantly light-modulated units exhibited a marked increase between 3.5 and 5.5 mW/mm 2, from 15 to 73% Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | THE PAPER'S HEADLINE ADVANTAGE, RE-TAGGED AS A LIMITATION: spatially restricted photostimulation IS ACTUALLY A LIMITATION where synchronous control of an entire structure is wanted Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | and the resolution is a question, not a setting - THE SPECIFIC LIGHT SOURCES AND FIBERS SHOULD BE TAILORED TO THE SCIENTIFIC QUESTION AT HAND Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | ONE INTERVENTION, OPPOSITE SIGNS: the index-matching glue cuts reflective losses to under 1% BUT AT A COST OF REDUCING the acceptance angle BY 41% Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | while its effect on the skew rays acceptance angle is DIAMETRICALLY OPPOSITE, giving A TWOFOLD INCREASE in coupling efficiency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | A MEASURED CONSTANT DISAGREEING WITH THE PUBLISHED ONE: blue-light scattering 7.18 against a reported 10.3, and IN ANY EVENT the estimates were SIMILAR REGARDLESS OF THE PRECISE NUMBER USED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the fitted model CONSISTENTLY OVERESTIMATED power beyond 1 mm and ran 5 to 10% off in nonfresh tissue Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | WHY THE LIGHT MUST BE WEAK AND CLOSE: stimulating further away INEVITABLY ACTIVATES MANY MORE UNMONITORED NEURONS THAN ARE BEING MONITORED, MAKING THE SEPARATION BETWEEN DIRECT AND POPULATION-MEDIATED EFFECTS IMPOSSIBLE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | and strong light of ANY wavelength adds HEAT with a MIXED DE-/HYPERPOLARIZING effect, a confound independent of the opsin Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THE SAME LIGHT, THE OPPOSITE SIGN, DECIDED BY THE PROMOTER: pyramidal cells spike in CaMKII::ChR2 mice and are SILENCED in PV::ChR2 mice under identical parameters Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | A 25% CHANGE IN DOSE FLIPS THE OUTCOME: 70% of 0.35 mW/mm 2 pulses efficient against 10% of 0.28 mW/mm 2 pulses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[19] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the statistical definition of light modulation is rescued by a BIMODAL distribution of the indices, 0.045 against 0.76 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[20] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | with the response fraction hedged - it MAY BE DUE TO transduction rates and the proximity of the fiber tip Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[21] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THE UNIT IS DEFINED BY NUMBERED GATES BEFORE ANY RESULT: amplitude, L ratio, refractory period, then a firing floor that cut 535 hippocampal units to 135 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[22] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | an idealisation declared inside a figure legend - ASSUMES neuronal density of 20,000 cells/mm 3 and IGNORES SHADOWING by the probe shank Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[23] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the empirical light map is declared A PROXY ONLY, since scattering contributes ESPECIALLY AT SHORT WAVELENGTHS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[24] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | NATIVE NETWORK DYNAMICS CAN INCORPORATE SYNTHETIC PATTERNS OF ACTIVITY - units driven by nonperiodic photostimuli exhibited PHASE PRECESSION Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[25] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | and the whole device exists to remove one number - a freely moving animal can be tethered to ONE OR TWO fibers, which RESTRICTED the questions that could be addressed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[26] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | diode-probe system Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: diode-probe system | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | light-modulated unit Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: light-modulated unit | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | light modulation index Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: light modulation index | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | waveform consistency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: waveform consistency | content_tags.definitions[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | center-of-mass Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: center-of-mass | content_tags.definitions[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | spiking probability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spiking probability | content_tags.definitions[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | closed-loop control Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: closed-loop control | content_tags.definitions[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | threshold Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: threshold | content_tags.definitions[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | coupling Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: coupling | content_tags.definitions[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | unit Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: unit | content_tags.definitions[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | precision Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: precision | content_tags.definitions[10] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | light intensity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: light intensity | content_tags.variables[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Firing rate during light Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Firing rate during light | content_tags.variables[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | spiking probability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spiking probability | content_tags.variables[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | baseline period Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: baseline period | content_tags.variables[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | intensity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: intensity | content_tags.variables[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | precision Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: precision | content_tags.variables[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | rate Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: rate | content_tags.variables[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | coupling Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: coupling | content_tags.variables[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 42%; 57/135 — Fraction and count of hippocampal units whose firing rate was modulated by weak blue light Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | median, 2 ms — Across-trial standard deviation of spike centers-of-mass, i.e. the temporal precision of light-evoked spiking Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | median, 5.5 ms — Median latency from light onset to the first significantly elevated PSTH bin Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | ∼0.001 mm 3 — Volume of brain tissue illuminated above the ChR2 activation threshold by a single fiber Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 20–100 — Estimated number of neurons inside the illuminated volume, given assumed cortical cell density Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0.1–0.15% — Diode-to-fiber coupling efficiency for blue LEDs before index matching, versus about 2.5% for laser diodes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 100–130 mg — Weight of a single diode-fiber assembly, which is what keeps the headgear light enough for free movement Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0.5–1.5 g — Weight of a complete implantation-ready multidiode device Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 535 hippocampal and 98 neocortical units — Total number of single units isolated that met the amplitude and isolation criteria Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 1.82 — Median ratio of spiking probability during blue light to duration-matched spontaneous periods Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 70% ... 10% — Fraction of blue pulses able to break through halorhodopsin silencing at 0.35 versus 0.28 mW/mm2, showing a sharp intensity threshold Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[10] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0.001 mm 3 — the illuminated volume, and the paper's unit of claim - the tissue a shank of a silicon probe can also monitor Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 7.18 ± 0.17 — the scattering coefficient measured for blue light, against a previously reported 10.3 for rat brain Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 41% — the acceptance angle the index-matching glue COSTS, at the same time as it removes the reflective losses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 2 ms — the temporal precision of light-evoked spiking, the across-trial SD of the centers-of-mass Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 70% — the fraction of 0.35 mW/mm 2 blue pulses that overcame the red-light hyperpolarization, against 10% at 0.28 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 20,000 cells/mm 3 — the neuronal density ASSUMED by the illuminated-cell estimate, in a legend that also says it ignores shadowing Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
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What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.