Perceived variety, psychological needs satisfaction and exercise-related well-being

Perceived variety, psychological needs satisfaction and exercise-related well-being Sylvester Standage Dowd Martin Sweet Beauchamp

Tag layer of the DHSS Meta-Tagging Project. The article text is reproduced from the staged copy named in sourceDesc and is not altered; the tags are held separately in standOff so that overlapping and nested spans are preserved.

Perceived variety, psychological needs satisfaction and exercise-related well-being 2014 Psychology & Health 10.1080/08870446.2014.907900 Sylvester2014-perceived-variety-psychological-needs-satisf Sylvester2014-perceived-variety-psychological-needs-satisf.txt, the project's staged copy 2017579a77f96dc02f20eb7de6d897b6cf018ec8 not-redistributable health-psychology

the paper's own words

the tag layer; a sentence written by the tagger about the paper, always anchored to a quotation but not itself a quotation

0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them prediction Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. perceived variety in exercise and exercise-related well-being Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. survey survey Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms the instrument is built in three declared steps - item development, focus groups, and expert review - used to develop AND refine the items rather than only to produce them Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms the focus groups use a modified retrospective think-aloud protocol, whose stated purpose is to understand how members of the target population INTERPRET and respond to the items Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms the refinement has a STOPPING RULE rather than a fixed number of rounds: transcripts are coded by constant comparison for places where a participant raised concern with an item, and the cycle repeats after each group until no new suggestions emerge Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms latent variable regression is chosen over multiple regression for a stated reason: multiple regression assumes the variables are measured without error, and the authors say that assumption would produce biased estimates here Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms the chi-square test is deliberately not relied on alone, because a non-significant chi-square is called unrealistic, so supplementary indices are examined too - with separate numerical bands DESIGNATED for good fit and for excellent fit Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms discriminant validity is given a numerical criterion rather than an impression: the average variance extracted for a construct must exceed the SQUARED CORRELATION between it and any other construct, alongside stated floors for loadings and composite reliability Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms relative importance among predictors is decided by an index with a cut-off DERIVED from the number of predictors rather than chosen - one over twice the predictor count, which in this analysis makes the threshold 0.13 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms THE KEY TEST IS BUILT AS A COMPETING MODEL, NOT A CORRELATION: a three-factor structure is fitted specifically to see whether the new construct is empirically synonymous with one of the three established needs, and the authors state in advance what result would count against their own claim Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The design is non-experimental, so no causal inference is licensed; experiments are needed. what this limits: any causal reading: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS WILL BE NECESSARY IN FUTURE RESEARCH TO EXAMINE THE EXTENT TO WHICH CHANGES ... RELATES TO CHANGES IN EXERCISE-RELATED WELL-BEING Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Variety was assessed only at the contextual level. what this limits: the level at which the finding holds: assessments of perceived variety were operationalised AT THE CONTEXTUAL LEVEL only Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The results say nothing about acute/episodic effects of perceived variety or about global life-level effects. what this limits: acute and global claims: THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY DO NOT PROV[ide evidence] about episodic effects or life-level outcomes Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The factor structure was verified on the same sample used to derive it, only at a different time point. what this limits: the factor structure itself: THE USE OF THE SAME SAMPLE TO VERIFY THE FACTOR STRUCTURE (ALBEIT AT DIFFERENT TIME POINTS) AND RESULTS SHOULD BE INTERPRETED WITH CAUTION Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Whether the new construct is distinct from the three established needs, or subsumed by them, was an open question this study set out to examine rather than assume. what this limits: perceived variety as an established separate need: the paper examines whether it is distinct from or subsumed by competence, relatedness and autonomy Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The construct it is measured alongside has been operationalised inconsistently in the literature, sometimes as a single latent variable. what this limits: comparisons with other needs-satisfaction studies: the paper notes the construct has at times been operationalised as a single latent variable, and tests a one-factor model for that reason Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the trimmed item pool was reviewed by three people with expertise in instrument development and in the exercise domain eliminates: that the items measure something other than the construct they are named for - expert content review is the check on that before any data is collected · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. perceived variety perceived variety Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. psychological needs satisfaction psychological needs satisfaction Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. felt variety felt variety Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. variety support variety support Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Competence Competence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Relatedness Relatedness Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. variety - the general stipulated definition: the pursuit and experience of diverse activities, behaviours and opportunities in one's social milieu Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. variety - the narrower sense used in this study, which explicitly admits simple, mundane and conventional experiences and so is not sensation-seeking Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. `felt variety` / `variety support` - TWO TERMS COINED IN ONE SENTENCE TO PREVENT A CONFLATION, WITH THE REASON STATED. `For the sake of conceptual clarity Quotation withheld` The pre-existing literature had one word, `variety`, doing both jobs - an experience and an affordance - and the split is announced as a methodological requirement rather than discovered. The paper then measures only the first. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. `competence` / `relatedness` / `autonomy` - THREE NEEDS DEFINED BY A SINGLE `refers to` EACH, AND ALL THREE ARE ATTRIBUTED. Every definition ends in a citation to Deci & Ryan; the paper is importing a vocabulary intact rather than building one, which is the opposite move to `felt variety` two pages earlier. The same article both borrows a settled partition and coins a new one, and the writing does not mark the difference. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. replicates → Sheldon and Lyubomirsky (2012), conclusion that perceptions of variety directly predict well-being Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → Sheldon and Lyubomirsky (2012) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Kahn and Ratner (2005) and Sheldon and Lyubomirsky (2012), definition of variety Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. perceived variety —distinct-from→ psychological needs satisfaction perceived variety psychological needs satisfaction strength of the relation: 0.9 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the paper EXAMINED 'the extent to which' perceived variety is distinct; stated as a question. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. felt variety —distinct-from→ variety support felt variety variety support the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 1 · note: 'distinguish between' is the differentiation cue and it is in the gate's list, so this edge is cue-tested rather than merely accepted. Weight 1.0 - the paper does not hedge the distinction, it requires it. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. regression regression Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. exploratory factor analysis exploratory factor analysis Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. confirmatory factor analysis confirmatory factor analysis Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. weighted least squares estimation weighted least squares estimation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. chi-squared chi-squared Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. model fit indices (RMSEA, CFI, TLI) model fit indices (RMSEA, CFI, TLI) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. composite reliability composite reliability Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. average variance extracted average variance extracted Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. relative importance index relative importance index Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. oblique factor rotation oblique factor rotation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Perceived variety together with competence, relatedness and autonomy measured at Time 1 explained 37.2% of the variance in exercise-related positive affect six weeks later. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The same four predictors explained 33.1% of the variance in exercise-related subjective vitality. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. For exercise-related negative affect, autonomy was the only statistically significant predictor; perceived variety did not predict it. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. A four-factor structure that keeps perceived variety separate from competence, relatedness and autonomy fitted the data better than one-factor or three-factor structures. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. None of the five perceived-variety items cross-loaded onto the competence, relatedness or autonomy subscales at the |0.30| threshold. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Perceived variety in exercise is empirically distinct from, and not subsumed by, perceived competence, relatedness and autonomy. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. A supplementary test found no significant curvilinear relationship between perceived variety and positive affect, negative affect or subjective vitality. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The authors state that the observational design prevents any causal claim about variety and well-being. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. variety variety Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. felt variety felt variety Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. basic psychological needs theory (BPNT) basic psychological needs theory (BPNT) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. composite reliability composite reliability Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Relative Pratt Index Relative Pratt Index Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. exercise-related positive affect exercise-related positive affect Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. exercise-related subjective vitality exercise-related subjective vitality Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. perceived variety perceived variety Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. competence competence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. relatedness relatedness Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. autonomy autonomy Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. N = 507 — community adults who completed the baseline survey Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. six weeks — interval between the two identical online questionnaire administrations Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 13.5% — variance in exercise-related negative affect explained by variety plus the three needs Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 19.76% — share of the explained variance in positive affect attributable to perceived variety (Relative Pratt Index) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 27.02% — share of the explained variance in subjective vitality attributable to perceived variety, against 37.70% for competence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. χ2 (758) = 1746.98, p < .001, CFI = .974, TLI = .972 — fit statistics for the latent variable regression model Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. .97 — ordinal composite reliability of the perceived variety scores Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2014.907900.