Large-scale recording of neurons by movable silicon probes in behaving rodents

Large-scale recording of neurons by movable silicon probes in behaving rodents Vandecasteele M Royer Belluscio Berényi Diba Fujisawa Grosmark

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Large-scale recording of neurons by movable silicon probes in behaving rodents 2012 Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE 10.3791/3568 Vandecasteele2012-large-scale-recording-of-neurons-by-movable Vandecasteele2012-large-scale-recording-of-neurons-by-movable.txt, the project's staged copy a71a45469ba65cf63d07e4123d0db4527f194530 not-redistributable neuroscience

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them The construction and implantation of a movable silicon-probe microdrive for chronic recording in freely moving rodents. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. method Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. chronic large-scale silicon-probe recording in behaving rodents Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. system-or-tool-building system-or-tool-building Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Any break in the ground path (CSF to ground screw to copper wire to copper mesh to ground pin) leaves the headstage ungrounded, which is why movement artifacts and 50/60 Hz line noise appear in the recording Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms A micro-drive protruding above a too-short Faraday cage picks up environmental electrical fields, acting as an antenna and injecting noise into the signal Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms The copper-mesh cylinder encloses the headgear and shunts environmental fields and whisker-generated charge to ground, which is how it suppresses noise and slow-wave artifacts Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Placing the reference over the cerebellum exploits the fact that cerebellar LFP amplitude and midline muscle artifact are both minimal, so the referenced signal carries less contamination Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The microdrive design is a set of trade-offs rather than an optimum, which is why different drives suit different applications Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The probe shanks must be aligned parallel to the travel axis so that advancing moves them through tissue rather than cutting across it Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Insulation at the bonding area keeps cerebrospinal fluid from short-circuiting the connections Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Grounding is a continuous electrical path through fluid, screw, wire and mesh, and a break anywhere in it produces artefact or mains noise Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. A protruding drive above the shielding acts as an antenna, which is fixed by grounding the drive itself Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Recording alone cannot settle cause and effect, so the remedy is to identify cell types and then drive them - which is where optogenetics enters Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The measurements are correlational, so causal relations among neuronal activity patterns cannot be resolved by this method. what this limits: any cause-effect reading of the recordings the method produces: GIVEN THE CORRELATIONAL NATURE OF THESE MEASUREMENTS, THE CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIP ... REMAINS INEVITABLY AMBIGUOUS Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Only a single-probe implantation is demonstrated; multi-probe recording is asserted but not shown. what this limits: the multi-probe claim: WE ILLUSTRATED THE IMPLANTATION OF A SINGLE SILICON PROBE, and the rest CAN BE READILY ACCOMPLISHED AFTER SOME PRACTICE - asserted, not demonstrated Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The filmed surgery is a demonstration in which several preparatory, surgical and postoperative steps are omitted. what this limits: the video as a protocol to work from: SEVERAL PREPARATORY STEPS, SURGICAL PRECAUTIONS AND POSTOPERATIVE PROCEDURES ARE NOT SHOWN/VISIBLE OR DISCUSSED Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The authors state the correlational limit of the whole method: no amount of recording settles cause and effect what this limits: the same scope as limitations[0] - no quantity of recording settles cause and effect Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Both the tissue and the probe are fragile, and the critical steps are the ones where either can be damaged what this limits: the success rate: CRITICAL STEPS ... ARISE FROM THE FRAGILITY OF BOTH BIOLOGICAL (BRAIN TISSUE) AND TECHNICAL (SILICON PROBE) MATERIALS Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Injury during preparation or afterwards destroys the unit activity the method exists to capture what this limits: the unit activity the method exists to capture: ANY INJURY TO THE BRAIN TISSUE ... WOULD RESULT IN DAMAGING THE CELLS AND JEOPARDIZING THE RECORDING OF UNIT ACTIVITY Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The filmed procedure omits preparatory, surgical and postoperative steps for the sake of visibility what this limits: the same scope as limitations[2], stated outright: THE (MOCK) SURGERY SHOWN IN THIS VIDEO IS FOR DEMONSTRATION PURPOSES ONLY Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Only a single-probe implantation is demonstrated, with multi-probe work left to practice what this limits: the same scope as limitations[1] - one probe shown, multiple probes asserted Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. recording - as evidence about WHAT HAPPENS: which neurons fire when, which the method delivers at scale Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. recording - as evidence about WHAT CAUSES WHAT: which it cannot deliver at any scale, because the measurements are correlational Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the limit - as a matter of SAMPLE SIZE: solvable by recording more neurons, perhaps every neuron in the volume Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the limit - as a matter of KIND: not solvable by more recording at all, and requiring identification plus manipulation instead Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. claim_type: method a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: method — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. phenomenon: chronic large-scale silicon-probe recording in behaving rodents a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: chronic large-scale silicon-probe recording in behaving rodents — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → the decade of ensemble recording work in small and large-brained animals including humans Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. critiques → the sufficiency of recording alone for understanding circuit mechanism Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. shank —part-of→ silicon probes shank silicon probes strength of the relation: 1 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span speaks of 'a multiple shank silicon probe'; part-of is loose. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. theta —part-of→ local field potential theta local field potential strength of the relation: 1 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. cell types —part-of→ neural assemblies cell types neural assemblies strength of the relation: 1 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but each cell type 'uniquely contributes to assembly behavior'; part-of is loose. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. cluster analysis cluster analysis Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Recording from 64-128 sites simultaneously in a behaving rodent is now as easy as recording from 2 wire-electrode sites a decade earlier. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Silicon-based multiple-site devices are effective for ensemble recording because they scale to many sites, occupy small volume, and have controlled geometric design. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Example recordings show a prominent 8 Hz theta oscillation in the local field potential during exploration, with spiking superimposed on multiple shanks and sites. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The recorded electrophysiological signals depend both on which brain structure the probe sits in and on what the animal is doing at the time. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Even large-scale silicon-probe recordings cannot establish cause and effect between neuronal activity patterns, because the measurements are purely correlational. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The authors project that refined large-scale probes combined with new mathematical and modelling work will allow recording from a representatively large fraction, or perhaps all, of the neurons in the volume a multi-shank probe surveys. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. recording from 64 to 128 sites in a behaving rodent is now as easy as two sites were a decade earlier Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the example recordings show theta-band field oscillation with spiking superimposed across shanks during exploration Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. recording from a representatively large fraction, or perhaps every neuron, in the surveyed volume is projected as reachable Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ideal microdrive ideal microdrive Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. microdrive microdrive Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. electrophysiological signals electrophysiological signals Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 20 000 Hz — wideband sampling rate of the chronic recordings, chosen so that both LFP oscillations and spikes can be studied Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 35-70 micrometers — how far the probe is advanced per day (1/8 to 1/4 turn of the drive screw) while searching for the target structure Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 64 to 128 — number of sites now routinely recorded simultaneously in a behaving rodent, versus 2 sites with wire electrodes a decade earlier Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 8 Hz — frequency of the theta-band local field potential oscillation seen in CA1 during open-field exploration Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 4-shank, 32-site — the probe configuration demonstrated Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 20 000 Hz — the sampling rate allowing both field potentials and spikes from the same wideband signal Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 64 to 128 sites — what is routine now against two sites a decade before Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 8 Hz — the theta rhythm visible in the example hippocampal recording Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.3791/3568.