From changing cognitions to changing the context: a dual-route model of behaviour change

From changing cognitions to changing the context: a dual-route model of behaviour change Vlaev Dolan

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From changing cognitions to changing the context: a dual-route model of behaviour change 2009 Vlaev2009-from-changing-cognitions-to-changing-the-con Vlaev2009-from-changing-cognitions-to-changing-the-con.txt, the project's staged copy c39fe23d4f1042c2b61d6af5e3d162b1a18bff8a not-redistributable behavioural-science

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them mechanism Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. population-wide behaviour change Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. review review Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Contextual cues trigger already-existing automatic processes, which produce the action directly, so no belief or goal has to be changed for behaviour to change Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms A prime automatically spreads activation to the behaviours, feelings and thoughts historically associated with it, which is why an apparently irrelevant cue can steer action Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms People infer their own attitudes from watching their own (context-driven) behaviour, so an externally cued behaviour change feeds back into cognitive change Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The paper flags three unresolved conceptual and empirical issues with its own framework. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. RAM explains how people behave far better than it explains how to get them to change; the process-of-change side is undeveloped. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Whether SNAP-based interventions produce lasting rather than short-lived change is unsettled. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The behavioural-economics evidence base transfers imperfectly to population behaviour change: few long-term studies, randomised trials or process studies. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prospect theory and the incentive-response account of choice, taken from behavioural economics into the design of population-wide health behaviour-change interventions Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. salience salience Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. SNAP SNAP Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. reflective system reflective system Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. automatic system automatic system Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. behaviour change behaviour change Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. context context Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming, in behavioural public policy - a TWO-SIDED operation on attention, and the second side is written into the definition: it enhances processing of some aspects of the choice environment AND SUPPRESSES processing of others. Luoma-aho2019 has the same shape (`leaves out others`); this one narrows the suppression to the conceptually unrelated Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming as ONE OF FOUR - the P of SNAP, placed beside salience, norms and affect rather than defined against framing or anchoring. In this corpus the same word has been a cognitive phenomenon, a media effect, an economic treatment, a property of a mollusc's ganglion, and here a quarter of a policy instrument Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the automatic route, as a POLICY claim rather than a psychological one - interventions can rely EXCLUSIVELY on contextual change, which is what detaches behaviour change from belief change and makes the model an instrument rather than a description Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. habit, as this paper borrows it - a definition taken whole from Wood, Tam and Witt rather than built: behavioural dispositions to repeat well-practiced actions given recurring circumstances. The recurrence is in the CIRCUMSTANCES, which is what lets a context-changing intervention reach it Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Bem's (1967) self-perception theory Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → Thaler and Sunstein's (2008) six principles of choice architecture ('nudges') Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → the reflective-impulsive model (Strack & Deutsch, 2004) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Webb and Sheeran's (2006) meta-analytic review of intention-change experiments Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. reflective system —distinct-from→ automatic system reflective system automatic system differs in: WHICH KIND OF CHANGE EACH RESPONDS TO - the reflective system to changed cognitions, the automatic system to a changed context · strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: The model's whole architecture in one sentence, and the split is defined by the INTERVENTION each route answers to rather than by properties of the processing. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming —part-of→ SNAP priming SNAP strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: Placement rather than definition, and it is the paper's actual contribution: priming is put beside salience, norms and affect as a policy lever, not defined against framing or anchoring as in every other record tagged tonight. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. salience —part-of→ SNAP salience SNAP strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: The other three principles are nodes on this record for the same reason - the acronym is the unit of the claim, so an edge to it is what makes the membership queryable. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming —part-of→ automatic system priming automatic system strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: Hedged - 'mostly' - and weighted for it. The hedge matters: the paper does not claim the SNAP processes are inaccessible to reflection, only that they do not require it. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but SNAP responses work 'mostly on the automatic system'; part-of is loose. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The paper's model claims behaviour change runs through two routes on two different processing systems: the reflective system changes cognitions, while the automatic system responds to changes in the context. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The authors name four context-cued processes that work through the automatic system: salience, norms, affect and priming. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Across the traditional behaviour-change literature the authors find that every model targets one or more of just three psychological variables: beliefs, goals and habits. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Reviewing cost-effectiveness evidence, the authors conclude that environmental interventions can be substantially more cost-effective than traditional individual behavioural interventions. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Habits are argued to act more as constraints on behaviour change than as mechanisms for it. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Salience and norm interventions can change behaviour without any accompanying change in beliefs or attitudes. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The situational (SNAP) methods assume that changing a person's environment will produce sustained behaviour change without any change in cognitions. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The authors claim RAM is the first consistent application of the dual-process paradigm specifically to behaviour-change interventions. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. RAM contains a feedback loop from behaviour back to the underlying cognitions, which traditional methods do not explicitly discuss. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. reflective-automatic model (RAM) reflective-automatic model (RAM) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. SNAP SNAP Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. salience salience Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. social and cultural norms social and cultural norms Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. commitment commitment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. defaults defaults Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 3% ... 30% — share of shoppers who bought jam when 24 flavours were displayed versus when only 6 were displayed, cited as evidence of choice overload WHOSE RESULT THIS IS: Iyengar and Lepper (2000) showed - THE EVIDENCE FOR THIS ROW ATTRIBUTES THE WORK TO SOMEBODY ELSE. The cited name is the subject of a result verb and the sentence carries no first-person marker, so the finding, quantity or definition is the CITED author's rather than this record's. The claim is true and the quote is verbatim - what is wrong is whose result the corpus says it is. Nothing edited, nothing withdrawn: the row is marked so a page can name the source. Where the record is a commentary or review, its claim relations layer usually already names the paper being discussed - the record knows at one layer and forgets at another. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 26% — increase in hotel guests' towel reuse produced by a descriptive-norm sign relative to a standard environmental-protection sign Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 28% — drop in teen pregnancy in Kenya after HIV risk information was made salient by partner age group Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 13% ... 41% — increase in soap use after the toilet and in reported soap use before eating produced by a disgust-based (affect) campaign in Ghana Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 22% — reduction in calories per serving expected from replacing a 12-inch plate with a 10-inch plate Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. .18 — intention-behaviour correlation once only experimental studies are meta-analysed, about 3% of variance in behaviour Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

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