Multiculturalism, Culture Mixing, and Prejudice: Effects of Priming Chinese Diversity Models Among Hong Kong University Students

Multiculturalism, Culture Mixing, and Prejudice: Effects of Priming Chinese Diversity Models Among Hong Kong University Students Ye Buchtel

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Multiculturalism, Culture Mixing, and Prejudice: Effects of Priming Chinese Diversity Models Among Hong Kong University Students 2021 Frontiers in Psychology 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.691858 Ye2021-multiculturalism-culture-mixing-and-prejudic Ye2021-multiculturalism-culture-mixing-and-prejudic.txt, the project's staged copy 1e842233b502a3acaa8ff2f5e1da2c053b5fe9f6 not-redistributable cultural-psychology

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them mechanism Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming of cultural diversity models Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. behavioural-experiment behavioural-experiment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Reading a societal diversity model first elicits an emotional reaction, and that emotional reaction is what carries the prime through to intergroup attitudes and identity status: the paper's own words: we propose that Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms A multicultural frame lowers the perceived threat to the local culture, which raises the perceived compatibility of the two cultures and so reduces disgust at their mixing Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Both studies were underpowered for the effect sizes assumed. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Convenience sample of Hong Kong university students limits generalisation. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Identity measures were placed after the manipulation, so they could not be used as moderators. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Because the two identity styles were outcomes rather than predictors, their distinct functions could not be separated. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. a CULTURAL control condition against the multicultural priming condition eliminates: that any culture-related prime reduces social distancing - the control is cultural in content and differs only in being multicultural · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. participants randomly assigned to the priming or the no-prime condition on beginning the questionnaire eliminates: that a difference between conditions is a difference between the people in them · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. multiculturalism multiculturalism Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. assimilation assimilation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. colorblindness colorblindness Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. social distance social distance Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. culture mixing culture mixing Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. social distancing social distancing Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. multiculturalism against assimilation and colorblindness - THREE DIVERSITY MODELS ON ONE AXIS, and the axis is stated: whether cultural difference is APPRECIATED or IGNORED. Colorblindness and assimilation are put on the same side, which is a grouping this literature does not always make Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. social distance, as measured here - a construct defined by the EXTENT of contact refused, from marriage down to co-residence in a city. The scale is the definition, which is what makes `prejudice` operational in this design Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the prime, in this study - not a word list or a photograph but A DESCRIPTION OF THE READER'S OWN COUNTRY: a passage about how China handles diversity, read by Hong Kong students who are both minority and majority culture members. The manipulation is a national self-description Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. contradicts → Verkuyten (2005), on multiculturalism priming among Turkish minorities in the Netherlands Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Todd and Galinsky (2012) multiculturalism priming materials Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Stone and Crisp (2007) superordinate-identity assimilation priming material Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → Morrison et al. (2010), on symbolic threat as mediator of reactions to multiculturalism primes Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. multiculturalism —distinct-from→ assimilation multiculturalism assimilation differs in: WHETHER CULTURAL DIFFERENCE IS APPRECIATED OR IGNORED - the paper states the axis rather than leaving it to be inferred, and puts colorblindness on the ignoring side with assimilation · strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: Two edges come out of this one clause. The grouping is the part worth noting: colorblindness and assimilation are often distinguished elsewhere and are treated here as one side of a single contrast. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. multiculturalism —distinct-from→ colorblindness multiculturalism colorblindness strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: The second half of the same contrast, kept as its own edge because a reader searching for either model should meet the axis at the same place. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. multiculturalism —causes→ social distancing multiculturalism social distancing direction on the measure: reduces · strength of the relation: 0.85 · note: INDIRECT, and the paper says so: the route is through increased positive emotions, not directly. The same sentence reports the assimilation prime producing the opposite effects through negative emotions, which is the symmetry the design was built for. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. assimilation —causes→ social distancing assimilation social distancing direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 0.8 · note: The mirror edge, and weighted slightly lower because 'the opposite indirect effects' is stated by reference to the first result rather than reported in its own terms here. Audit 2026-09-28: RESTORED AND DOUBTFUL - the full span was re-read; kept, but the full span does report an assimilation effect: the paper reports that the assimilation prime worked the other way, through more negative emotions, so it indirectly increased social distancing (reworded 2026-09-28 so that this note no longer quotes the paper, whose text is not cleared for redistribution) - kept, but the effect is INDIRECT (through negative emotions) and the edge's direction 'increases' holds only through that indirect path (corrected 2026-09-28: this note first said the edge carried no direction, but the edge has carried 'increases' throughout); the withdrawal said no assimilation effect was reported. The earlier withdrawal is kept in the record. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. t-test t-test Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ANOVA ANOVA Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. eta squared (effect size) eta squared (effect size) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. chi-squared test chi-squared test Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ANCOVA ANCOVA Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Tukey post hoc correction Tukey post hoc correction Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. effect size (Cohen's d) with confidence interval effect size (Cohen's d) with confidence interval Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Pearson correlation Pearson correlation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency) Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. McDonald's omega (internal consistency) McDonald's omega (internal consistency) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mediation / path analysis with maximum likelihood and robust standard errors mediation / path analysis with maximum likelihood and robust standard errors Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Monte Carlo simulation power analysis Monte Carlo simulation power analysis WHOSE RESULT THIS IS: Schoemann et al., 2017) with Monte Carlo simulation method showed - THE EVIDENCE FOR THIS ROW ATTRIBUTES THE WORK TO SOMEBODY ELSE. The cited name is the subject of a result verb and the sentence carries no first-person marker, so the finding, quantity or definition is the CITED author's rather than this record's. The claim is true and the quote is verbatim - what is wrong is whose result the corpus says it is. Nothing edited, nothing withdrawn: the row is marked so a page can name the source. Where the record is a commentary or review, its claim relations layer usually already names the paper being discussed - the record knows at one layer and forgets at another. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Mahalanobis distance (outlier exclusion) Mahalanobis distance (outlier exclusion) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. In Study 1 the multiculturalism prime lowered desire for social distance from Mainland Chinese relative to no prime, but left disgust toward culture mixing and national identity strength unchanged. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. In Study 2 the three primes produced direct effects only on emotion and on ethnic Chinese identity strength; social distancing, disgust and both identity styles showed no direct priming effect. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Relative to control, the multiculturalism prime raised positive emotion and thereby indirectly cut disgust toward culture mixing and raised ethnic identity strength, hybrid identity style and alternating identity style, with a marginal indirect reduction in social distancing. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The assimilation prime produced the mirror-image indirect pattern, lowering positive emotion and thereby increasing social distancing and disgust while decreasing ethnic identity strength and both multicultural identity styles. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Reading that Hong Kong is being assimilated into China lowered participants' ethnic identity strength compared with the control condition. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Breaking the affect composite apart, the beneficial multiculturalism effects ran specifically through pride, happiness and interest. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. multiculturalism multiculturalism Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Positive Emotion Positive Emotion Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. social distance social distance Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. hybrid identity style hybrid identity style Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. alternating identity style alternating identity style Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. social distancing from Mainland Chinese social distancing from Mainland Chinese Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. disgust toward Hong Kong-Mainland culture mixing disgust toward Hong Kong-Mainland culture mixing Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. multicultural identity styles multicultural identity styles Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. age and gender age and gender Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. n = 118 — final analysed sample of Study 1, split 57 primed and 61 no-prime Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 168 — sample size of Study 2, which the authors call slightly underpowered Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. t(116) = −2.19, p = 0.03, d = 0.40 — Study 1 effect of the multiculturalism prime on social distancing Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. F(2,165) = 15.19, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.16 — overall Study 2 effect of priming condition on positive emotion Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Cohen’s d = 0.93 — size of the positive-emotion gap between the multiculturalism and assimilation prime groups Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ω = 0.90 and α = 0.90 — internal reliability of the Study 1 social distancing scale Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.691858.