standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
This record holds no relations between concepts. A layer is empty when the tagger recorded nothing in it — which is not the same as the paper having nothing to record.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| claim_type | existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | artificial intelligence in mathematics education Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | systematic-review Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: systematic-review | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The five-year (2019-2024) window may miss longer-term developments in the field. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the review's temporal coverage: THIS TIMEFRAME MAY NOT CAPTURE LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENTS | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Only English-language publications were included, excluding multilingual research. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the linguistic coverage: THIS STUDY FOCUSED ON ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ARTICLES DUE TO PRACTICAL CONSTRAINTS | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The review's map of the field is a map of the market: it covers only tools that are already commercialised and market-ready. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: this review as a survey of AI in mathematics education: it is scoped to commercialised, market-ready tools, so non-commercial and research-only systems are outside it by design | limitations[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The literature searched excludes non-English publications and every non-journal form, so the picture also excludes conference and book literature. Quote is from the criteria table. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the coverage of this review: the criteria table excludes non-English publications, book series, books, book chapters and conference proceedings | limitations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The evidence base is 32 articles, reached after 24 were deleted by the exclusion criteria and 25 removed as redundant - so the synthesis rests on a set whose size is set as much by the filters as by the literature. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[4] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| controls | 81 remaining articles screened on the complete text, with 24 deleted against the stated exclusion criteria Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: articles that meet the search string but not the question - screening on the full text rather than the abstract is what catches them · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | commercialized AI tools Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: commercialized AI tools | concepts[0] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | systematic review Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: systematic review | concepts[1] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | market-ready Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: market-ready | concepts[2] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | AIME Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: AIME | concepts[3] | 0.9 | the paper's words |
| senses | AI in mathematics education - AS THIS REVIEW MAPS IT: commercialised, market-ready tools, reported as a deliberate bridge from research to practice rather than as a survey of the research Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the gap this review addresses - stated as a gap in ACCESSIBILITY rather than in knowledge: the synthesis missing is of tools educators can readily adopt Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the gap this review fills - stated as a gap in ACCESSIBILITY rather than in knowledge: a shortage of syntheses of tools 'that educators can readily adopt', which makes adoptability the criterion of relevance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | extends → Hwang (2022) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → Mohamed et al. (2022) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → Niño-Rojas et al. (2024) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | frequency count Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: frequency count | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Most studies of AI in mathematics education were conducted at the middle/high school level. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The AI tools used in mathematics education fall into eight named types: adaptive learning systems, intelligent tutoring systems, chatbots, augmented reality, virtual reality, serious games, learning analytics and mathematics problem solvers. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Chatbots were the most frequently studied AI tool category in the 2019-2024 window, with virtual reality tools second. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Chatbot studies appear only at university and adult-learner level, never in school-level mathematics classrooms. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | AI-driven serious games and mathematics problem-solver applications are the two least-researched categories in the corpus. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Most commercialized tools identified are pedagogical rather than generative, seventeen of them being teaching-and-learning platforms such as GeoGebra, Khan Academy and Squirrel AI. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Augmented and virtual reality technologies raise students' motivation and problem-solving skills in mathematics. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The reviewed literature converges on a call for longitudinal work measuring long-term effects of AI in mathematics education on learning outcomes, motivation and educational equity. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | artificial intelligence (AI) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: artificial intelligence (AI) | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | systematic review Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: systematic review | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Generative AI Tools Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Generative AI Tools | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Pedagogical AI Tools Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Pedagogical AI Tools | content_tags.definitions[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | publication period Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: publication period | content_tags.variables[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | literature type Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: literature type | content_tags.variables[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | search category Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: search category | content_tags.variables[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | N = 32 — number of primary studies included in the final synthesis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 36 out of 117 — articles removed at title-and-abstract screening as irrelevant Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 43.8%, N=14 — share of studies conducted at middle/high school level, against 31.2% (N=10) at university/adult level and 25% (N=8) at primary level Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | seven categories — number of AI tool categories the 32 studies were classified into Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | N=35 — total category frequency count, higher than the 32 studies because some studies used more than one tool type Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | twenty-one (N=21) — commercially available AI mathematics-education tools found, out of 28 identified tools Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | N=17 — commercialized tools classified as Pedagogical AI Tools Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | seven (N=7) — studies from China, the highest of any country in the corpus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[7] | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.