Automaticity of Social Behavior: Direct Effects of Trait Construct and Stereotype Activation on Action

Automaticity of Social Behavior: Direct Effects of Trait Construct and Stereotype Activation on Action John A. Bargh Mark Chen Lara Burrows

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Automaticity of Social Behavior: Direct Effects of Trait Construct and Stereotype Activation on Action 1996 Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.230 bargh1996-social bargh1996-social.txt, the project's staged copy 01d3bbc08d2bd2b8e28ee87099c0d06f5baeb6ba personal-copy social-psychology

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them existence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. automatic social behavior priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. behavioural-experiment behavioural-experiment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms automatic behavior priming (perception-behavior link): activating a trait or stereotype concept directly and unconsciously increases the tendency to act in line with it Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The paper describes itself as a first demonstration whose boundary conditions are not yet known. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The Experiment 1 timing measure suffered from a severe ceiling effect because most participants never interrupted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The authors concede the strength of behavioural versus judgemental priming effects cannot really be compared across their situations. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the priming condition was assigned by a SECOND EXPERIMENTER who had no contact with the participant eliminates: that the experimenter who ran the session knew the condition and shaped the behaviour being measured - the classic experimenter-expectancy route to a priming effect · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. participants were partially debriefed and questioned about whether they thought the scrambled-sentence task had influenced them eliminates: that participants worked out the manipulation and complied with what they took to be the hypothesis · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. trait construct trait construct Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. stereotype stereotype Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. behavior behavior Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. PRIMING DEFINED AS AN ORDINARY FEATURE OF BEING SOMEWHERE: `Quotation withheld.` Not a laboratory operation - a description of what situations do to people continuously, of which the experiment is a controlled instance. That is the same move srull-wyer1979 makes when it says accessibility rises with the number of activations `in the past`, and it is what licenses generalising from a word-scramble task to walking down a corridor Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE DESIGN LOGIC IN ONE SENTENCE: `Quotation withheld.` Only the dependent measure changed. The manipulation is held constant against the 1977-79 accessibility work and the outcome is swapped from a judgement to an action - which makes this a claim about the SCOPE of an established effect rather than a new effect. And it means the replication debate about this paper is unavoidably also about higgins1977 and srull-wyer1979, both of which are in this corpus Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE EFFECT TAKES THE CONTENT OF WHAT WAS PRIMED, WHICH IS WHAT RULES OUT AROUSAL OR MOOD: rudeness produced interrupting `more quickly and frequently`, the elderly stereotype produced walking `more slowly down the hallway ... consistent with the content of that stereotype`, and the third prime produced hostility. Three primes, three different behaviours, each matching its own prime - a general activation account predicts one direction for all three and gets none of them Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND TWO THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ARE OFFERED WITH NEITHER CHOSEN. First, situationally linked behaviour: `a person has behavioral responses (e.g., assertiveness, anger, patience) that are associatively linked to particular situations.` Then: `another theoretical perspective CONSISTENT WITH the present findings is that of an AUTOMATIC PERCEPTION-BEHAVIOR LINK.` Both are said to fit and the paper stops there. dijksterhuis1998, tagged one record earlier, takes the second and builds on it - so the corpus holds the fork and the branch that was taken Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → priming research on social perception Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → Berkowitz and LePage (1967) and Carver et al. (1983) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Carver et al. (1983) behavioral schema model Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. replicates → Devine (1989, Experiment 2) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. trait construct —causes→ behavior trait construct behavior direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: 'consistent with it' AND 'subsequent unrelated context' ARE BOTH IN THE QUOTE AND BOTH ARE LOAD-BEARING. The behaviour matches the CONTENT of what was primed, which excludes a general arousal account; and the second context is UNRELATED, which is what makes it a carry-over rather than a demand effect. Weight 0.9: the discussion's opening summary of three experiments, and this is the paper's central claim. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. stereotype —causes→ behavior stereotype behavior direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: 'increases' MEANS MORE STEREOTYPE-CONSISTENT BEHAVIOUR, NOT MORE OF ANY MEASURED QUANTITY, AND THE DISTINCTION MATTERS HERE. In Experiment 2 the measurement WENT DOWN - participants primed with 'elderly' WALKED MORE SLOWLY. A reader taking 'increases' as 'the number went up' would have that experiment backwards. The axis is recording consistency with the primed content, which is what the quote says, and the three experiments move three different dependent variables in three directions. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 3 — studies of behavior priming reported about this quote: marked quote-not-in-current-staged-text - today's merge gate would REFUSE this quote: Paper.locate() does not find it in the current staged text, and no disclosure on the row explains why. Update, 15 September 2026: CLEARED evidence status='quote-not-in-current-staged-text' - the quote was replaced (RE-CUT) and the new quote locates exactly once in the current staged text. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 2 — span of automaticity research reviewed Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. rudeness-primed participants interrupted more quickly and frequently Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. elderly-stereotype-primed participants walked more slowly Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. subliminal race-stereotype priming increased hostility Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. attitudes activate automatically on mere presence of the object about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. behavioral response behavioral response Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. automaticity automaticity about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. stereotype activation stereotype activation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. self-fulfilling prophecies self-fulfilling prophecies Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ANOVA ANOVA Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. hypothesis-testing hypothesis-testing about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mean mean about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. p-value p-value Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. statistical-significance statistical-significance Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. t-test t-test about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. variance variance Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.230.