standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| contribution | contribution | what the paper claims to add |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| research question | research_question | the question the paper sets itself |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; 10 of 10 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | the inference from facial movements to emotional states, and whether the scientific evidence licenses the way that inference is being used in law, hiring, security, education and commercial software Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| research_question | whether the existing research on emotional expression and emotion perception is strong enough to justify how it is increasingly being used by those who consume it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | research_question | the paper's words | |
| contribution | a systematic review of production and perception studies against four named criteria, and a prescription for naming: call a facial configuration what was measured until the evidence licenses calling it an expression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | contribution | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | critique Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | a measurement routinely given the name of the construct it is taken to reveal, so that the name carries an inference the data do not support Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | systematic-review Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: systematic-review | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | offering a participant six emotion words and one face forces a choice among them, so agreement measures how the options were built rather than what the face conveys; remove the array and let people supply their own word and the rates fall Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | where happiness is the only pleasant category in the array, every distractor differs from the target in valence, so a participant can score perfectly by discriminating pleasant from unpleasant without perceiving any emotion category at all Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | calling a measured facial movement an 'emotional display' imports the conclusion into the description, so a later reader inherits an inference nobody tested; the same happens with 'recognizing' rather than 'inferring' and 'accuracy' rather than 'agreement' Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: naming carrying the inference | mechanisms[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | a result reliable enough to publish can still be low in absolute terms, so a literature of individually valid findings accumulates into a consensus that no single finding supports Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: above-chance publication threshold | mechanisms[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the review covers six emotion categories, not the twenty-plus currently studied, because the evidence base for the other categories is far smaller - the conclusions are extended to them by argument rather than by review Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | evidence from small-scale remote cultures on expression PRODUCTION is inconclusive rather than negative: there are no systematic controlled observations of how people in these contexts spontaneously move their faces Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | validity - the fourth criterion - is not evaluated by the review either, because the underlying studies almost never address it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the authors' own earlier papers used exactly the design they criticise, presenting posed configurations without context; the critique includes its own authors Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | reliability, specificity, generalizability and validity - the criteria of psychological measurement - carried into an audit of what a whole literature's vocabulary is entitled to assert Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | reverse inference, and the conditional probability that formalises it, carried from neuroimaging methodology into the reading of faces Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | four criteria fixed in advance - reliability, specificity, generalizability, validity - so that the review's verdict is not a matter of the reviewers' impression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a review verdict that is the reviewers' impression of a literature they already disagreed with · outcome: partial | controls[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | evidence sought across four independent populations - developed-nation adults, small-scale remote cultures, infants and children, and congenitally blind people - so that no single literature's method could carry the conclusion Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a conclusion about facial expression drawn from one population - Western adults - and stated about people · outcome: held | controls[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | results partitioned by the METHOD used to collect them, to test whether support for the common view is a property of the phenomenon or of the task Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: support for the common view that is a property of the TASK used to collect it rather than of the phenomenon · outcome: failed | controls[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | the authors turning the same critique on their own published work rather than only on other laboratories' Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a critique that applies to every laboratory except the one making it · outcome: held | controls[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | testing the common view against specific alternative hypotheses about context, rather than only against chance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: specific alternative accounts of the expression-emotion link, in particular context-based ones - testing against the null alone rules out chance and nothing else · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): absent-stated-about-other | controls[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | reverse inference Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: reverse inference | concepts[0] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | reliability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: reliability | concepts[1] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | specificity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: specificity | concepts[2] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | generalizability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: generalizability | concepts[3] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | validity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: validity | concepts[4] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | emotional expression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: emotional expression | concepts[5] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | facial configuration Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: facial configuration | concepts[6] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | emotional expressions Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: emotional expressions | concepts[7] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | facial configurations Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: facial configurations | concepts[8] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | accuracy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: accuracy | concepts[9] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Consistency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Consistency | concepts[10] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Common view Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Common view | concepts[11] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | stereotype Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: stereotype | concepts[12] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | prototype Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: prototype | concepts[13] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Choice-from-array tasks Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Choice-from-array tasks | concepts[14] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | free labeling Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: free labeling | concepts[15] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | context Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: context | concepts[16] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Ecological validity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Ecological validity | concepts[17] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Conditional probability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Conditional probability | concepts[18] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | classical view Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: classical view | concepts[19] | 1.0 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Facial movement Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Facial movement | concepts[20] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Facial expression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Facial expression | concepts[21] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Perceiver-dependent Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Perceiver-dependent | concepts[22] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Perceiver-independent Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Perceiver-independent | concepts[23] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Forward inference Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Forward inference | concepts[24] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Percent agreement Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Percent agreement | concepts[25] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | percent accuracy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: percent accuracy | concepts[26] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Recognition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Recognition | concepts[27] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | perception Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: perception | concepts[28] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Discrimination Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Discrimination | concepts[29] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | identification Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: identification | concepts[30] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Emotional granularity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Emotional granularity | concepts[31] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| senses | "emotional expression" - AS LICENSED: a facial configuration that reliably and specifically communicates an emotional state. The paper's glossary adds that many so-called emotional expressions are errors of reverse inference Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | "emotional expression" - AS USED IN THE LITERATURE: any facial configuration labelled with an emotion category, applied without checking reliability, specificity, generalizability or validity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | "accuracy" - AS DEFINED: correspondence to an intended performance that must be perceiver-independent and not subject to the whims of the experimenter Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | "accuracy" - AS IT SHOULD BE RENAMED in this literature: agreement or consensus, because what these studies measure is whether people label a face the same way, not whether the label is correct Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | 'common view' / 'classical view' - THE FRAMEWORK THIS PAPER IS AGAINST HAS TWO NAMES, AND THE SECOND APPEARS EXACTLY ONCE: 'a set of beliefs were refer to as the common view (also called the classical view)'. A definitions row already glosses 'Common view'; what was missing is that the literature this paper argues with calls it something else. A reader searching the corpus for 'classical view' - which is what the opposing literature calls itself - would not have reached this record. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Facial movement - an objective, perceiver-independent configuration description that makes no emotional inference Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[5] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Facial expression - a perceiver-dependent inference that a facial configuration expresses an internal state Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[6] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Perceiver-dependent - interpretation depends on human judgment and may be consistent without being accurate or valid Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[7] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Perceiver-independent - observation does not depend on human judgment, though independence comes in degrees Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[8] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Forward inference - inferring an effect from a known cause, such as frowning conditional on anger Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[9] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Percent agreement - inter-rater consistency, explicitly not percent accuracy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[10] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Percent accuracy - not interchangeable with agreement because agreement is more perceiver-dependent Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[11] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Recognition - acknowledging an independently confirmed existent, contrasted with interpretive perception Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[12] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Perception - inference and interpretation rather than independently confirmed recognition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[13] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Discrimination - deciding that stimuli differ without identifying what they are or recognizing what they mean Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[14] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Identification - deciding what a stimulus is, not merely that it differs from another Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[15] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | Emotional granularity - experiencing or perceiving emotion through many differentiated categories Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[16] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → the common view that each of six emotion categories is reliably and specifically expressed by, and recognisable from, its own configuration of facial movements Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → automated emotion-recognition technology that infers emotional states from facial movements alone Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | qualifies → choice-from-array emotion-perception findings, which supply the strongest support for the common view and cannot produce disconfirming evidence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | reinterprets → the canonical six facial configurations - as Western stereotypes rather than as prototypes or universal displays Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | emotional expressions —distinct-from→ facial configurations Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: whether reliability, specificity, generalizability and validity have been demonstrated · the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 0.95 · differs in (stated by the tagger, no quotation): whether reliability, specificity, generalizability and validity have been demonstrated · the relation stated: the second is what was measured; the first adds an inference the evidence must license also in: emotional expressions · facial configurations | concept_edges[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | accuracy —distinct-from→ Consistency Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: whether there is a perceiver-independent correct answer to be right about · the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 0.95 · differs in (stated by the tagger, no quotation): whether there is a perceiver-independent correct answer to be right about · the relation stated: a group can consistently believe something that is wrong also in: accuracy · Consistency | concept_edges[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | stereotype —distinct-from→ prototype Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: whether the configuration is actually the most frequent instance of the category · the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 0.95 · differs in (stated by the tagger, no quotation): whether the configuration is actually the most frequent instance of the category · the relation stated: a prototype is the typical instance; a stereotype is a belief over-applied also in: stereotype · prototype | concept_edges[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | Choice-from-array tasks —contrasted-with→ free labeling Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: whether the participant may supply a word the experimenter did not offer · the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 0.9 · differs in (stated by the tagger, no quotation): whether the participant may supply a word the experimenter did not offer · the relation stated: the constrained task inflates agreement and cannot produce disconfirming evidence
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span describes the choice-from-array method without naming it. also in: Choice-from-array tasks · free labeling | concept_edges[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | common view —same-as→ classical view Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 1 · note: A bare parenthetical synonym, no hedge. THE AXIS IS THE AUTHOR'S OWN VS THE OPPOSING LITERATURE'S: Barrett coins 'common view' for the position she is attacking, and notes that it already has a name. lists discipline, language, profession and venue as the axes this type carries; this is a fifth - THE NAME A POSITION'S CRITICS GIVE IT AGAINST THE NAME IT GIVES ITSELF. · the relation stated: the paper gives the second name parenthetically as an alternative for the first also in: common view · classical view | concept_edges[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | facial configuration —distinct-from→ Facial expression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 1 · note: The glossary explicitly says the objective configuration is not synonymous with the inference-laden expression. also in: facial configuration · Facial expression | concept_edges[5] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | Perceiver-independent —distinct-from→ Perceiver-dependent Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 1 · note: The glossary contrasts the two categories through dependence on human judgment and a 'whereas' example. also in: Perceiver-independent · Perceiver-dependent | concept_edges[6] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | Percent agreement —distinct-from→ percent accuracy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 1 · note: The glossary states directly that percent agreement is not percent accuracy. also in: Percent agreement · percent accuracy | concept_edges[7] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | Discrimination —distinct-from→ identification Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 1 · note: The glossary says discrimination is separate from identifying what stimuli are. also in: Discrimination · identification | concept_edges[8] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | Discrimination —distinct-from→ Recognition Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 1 · note: The glossary says discrimination is separate from recognizing what stimuli mean. also in: Discrimination · Recognition | concept_edges[9] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the six canonical facial configurations occur during their predicted emotions above chance, but weakly, and evidence for specificity is lacking in almost all research domains Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | there are many-to-many mappings between facial configurations and emotion categories - anger is expressed more broadly than a scowl, and scowls express more than anger Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the strength of support for the common view varies systematically with the research method used, and the strongest support does not generalise Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Choice-from-array tasks severely limit the chance of observing disconfirming evidence, because they restrict the labels offered. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | where happiness is the only pleasant option, apparent emotion perception may be valence perception Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | emotion-reading technology detects facial movements, not emotional expressions Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the literature confounds measurement with interpretation - calling movements expressions, inference recognition, and agreement accuracy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | a facial configuration, bodily movement or vocal expression that reliably and specifically communicates an emotional state - and many so-called emotional expressions are errors of reverse inference Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: emotional expression | content_tags.definitions[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | that certain emotion categories reliably cause specific patterns of facial muscle movements, and that specific configurations are diagnostic of certain emotion categories Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Common view | content_tags.definitions[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | extent to which a participant's performance corresponds to the intended performance, which requires the correct answer to be perceiver-independent Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: accuracy | content_tags.definitions[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | an outcome that does not vary greatly across time, context or individuals - and not accuracy, since a group can consistently believe something wrong Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Consistency | content_tags.definitions[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the probability that X occurs given that Y has occurred; p(frown given sadness) is the form a face-reading claim takes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Conditional probability | content_tags.definitions[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the extent to which findings generalise to real-life settings, and the extent to which a protocol captures valid aspects of the real world Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Ecological validity | content_tags.definitions[5] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | assuming an observed facial movement reveals an emotional state you cannot access directly Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: reverse inference | content_tags.definitions[6] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the correlation range the paper calls weak reliability - a person sometimes scowls in anger, but not most of the time Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | reliability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: reliability | content_tags.statistics[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | specificity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: specificity | content_tags.statistics[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | generalizability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: generalizability | content_tags.statistics[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | null hypothesis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: null hypothesis | content_tags.statistics[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | context Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: context | content_tags.variables[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
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