Syntactic Persistence in Language Production

Syntactic Persistence in Language Production J. Kathryn Bock

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Syntactic Persistence in Language Production 1986 Cognitive Psychology 10.1016/0010-0285(86)90004-6 bock1986-syntactic bock1986-syntactic.txt, the project's staged copy 46f60d3d7140ce6a1c098d09edfc120035768bc0 personal-copy linguistics

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them existence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. syntactic persistence in language production Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. behavioural-experiment behavioural-experiment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms syntactic (structural) priming: producing or hearing a sentence structure makes speakers more likely to reuse that same structure in a later, content-unrelated utterance - so syntax is represented and primed independently of meaning Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. it is unclear whether syntactic intrusions/perseverations can be accounted for in the same way Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The null effect of the agency manipulation carries the usual indeterminacy of null results and may reflect a weak manipulation. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The symmetry between syntactic and conceptual matching rests on unreliable differences and a very small item sample. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Both lines of evidence for the isolability of syntactic processing are described by the author as tentative. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the filler items were tested on a schedule that reached 33, 78, 85 and 100 per cent by the end of each successive quarter of the list eliminates: that recognition performance depends on how recently an item appeared rather than on the priming manipulation · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. syntactic persistence syntactic persistence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. priming effect priming effect Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. lexical repetition lexical repetition Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. passive passive Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE EFFECT IS ON WHAT SPEAKERS CHOOSE, AND IT IS SYMMETRIC: `Quotation withheld` Not a latency, not an accuracy - a shift in which of two grammatical options a speaker takes, in both directions equally. The symmetry matters: a bias toward one form would be explicable by that form being easier, and a bias toward whichever form was just heard is not Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND THE DEFLATIONARY READING IS CLOSED IN ONE SENTENCE: `Quotation withheld` Prime and target share no words, and the effect survives. This is the sentence that makes it SYNTACTIC priming rather than a long-range word priming - and every other priming record in this corpus (meyer1971, neely1977, hutchison2003) is about exactly the relation Bock is ruling out Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. IT MEETS lashley1951 ACROSS THIRTY-FIVE YEARS AND NEITHER CITES THE OTHER. Lashley: `syntax is NOT INHERENT in the words employed or in the idea to be expressed` - argued from the impossibility of associative chains, with no experiment attached. Bock: syntactic form persists across utterances sharing neither words nor message. The argument and the demonstration, both merged into this corpus tonight, thirty-five years and one discipline apart Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND THE STRATEGIC EXPLANATIONS ARE NAMED AND REMOVED: `Quotation withheld` Not rehearsal, not cohesion. The same move as marcel1983's second mask and erb2019's overlap control - naming the alternatives and closing them rather than reporting the effect and leaving them standing Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → activation-based theories of language production Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → the competition model of Bates and MacWhinney (1982; MacWhinney, Bates, & Kliegl, 1984) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → Levelt and Kelter (1982) and Weiner and Labov (1983) on repetition of syntactic form in natural speech Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. replicates → Experiment 2 of this paper Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. lexical repetition —distinct-from→ priming effect lexical repetition priming effect strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: THE EDGE THAT MAKES THE PAPER SYNTACTIC. 'lexical repetition does…' - both endpoints named, the relation is exactly non-inclusion, and it is the paper's own conclusion rather than a framing. Weight 0.95. 'distinct-from' is the right type here for once - elsewhere tonight it has had to stand in for 'co-occurs but does not cause' (mcmahon-olson2007) and lost half a sentence doing it; here non-necessity IS distinctness and nothing is lost. 'seem to' is the authors' hedge and stays inside the quote. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but lexical repetition 'does not seem to be a necessary component' of priming; hedged. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. syntactic persistence syntactic persistence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. activation activation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. confidence-interval confidence-interval about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. correlation correlation about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. hypothesis-testing hypothesis-testing about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. p-value p-value Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. statistical-significance statistical-significance Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. t-test t-test about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. variance variance about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(86)90004-6.