Auditory, visual, and cross-modal negative priming

Auditory, visual, and cross-modal negative priming Buchner Zabal Mayr

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Auditory, visual, and cross-modal negative priming 2003 Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 10.3758/bf03196552 buchner2003-auditory-visual-and-cross-modal-ne buchner2003-auditory-visual-and-cross-modal-ne.txt, the project's staged copy 9e13d3b4663b3015990a2aa55ea0725ba373ed5b open-access cognitive-psychology

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them existence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. negative priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. behavioural-experiment behavioural-experiment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms presenting a stimulus in one modality automatically activates its features in the other modality, so an ignored sound can prime (and slow) a later picture Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms distractor inhibition is applied only to distractors that interfere: nonconflict distractors need no inhibition, hence no later cost Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms the probe target retrieves the earlier prime episode, which carries a 'no response was made' tag that conflicts with the current requirement to respond status: the paper's own words: may be caused by Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms acoustic traces of ignored sounds persist in a long auditory store better than visual distractor traces persist in visual short-term memory, producing facilitation that offsets or reverses the negative-priming cost Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Prime conflict is unavoidably confounded with whether the prime and probe responses alternate or repeat, which makes the key finding ambiguous in principle. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The unexpected positive priming after nonconflict primes in the auditory-auditory condition can only be accounted for speculatively. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The positive priming found on nonconflict prime trials in the auditory-auditory condition was not predicted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. a MATCHED CONTROL TRIAL was built for every ignored-repetition trial by replacing the ignored prime with the stimulus that did not occur eliminates: that the effect is a property of the probe pair rather than of the ignored prime - the probe is identical across the pair, so only the prime differs · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the response CATEGORY of the ignored prime was held constant across an ignored-repetition trial and its control eliminates: that the difference is a response-category effect rather than an identity effect · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. negative priming negative priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. conflict conflict Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. distractor inhibition distractor inhibition Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. episodic retrieval episodic retrieval Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. A PRIME THAT HURTS BECAUSE IT WAS IGNORED, WHICH IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRIME AND TARGET THAT NOTHING ELSE IN THIS CORPUS HAS. `a reaction to a stimulus can be slowed down or more likely to be in error if the stimulus has recently been ignored.` The manipulation is an INSTRUCTION TO DISREGARD, so what carries over is the act of suppression. And it is a cost, not a benefit - the second counterexample tonight to the standard `improvement` definition Minton2017 strikes out, after Huang2018's interference effect Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND IGNORING IS NOT ENOUGH - IT HAD TO HAVE BEEN COMPETING: `Negative priming was observed only after conflict, but not after nonconflict, primes.` The ignored item must have called for a DIFFERENT response from the attended one. So the phenomenon is not about suppression in general but about suppression under competition, and a design that ignores an irrelevant stimulus with no competing response should find nothing. Another `only when`, and the condition is a property of the RELATION between the two primes rather than of either one Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE AUTHORS MARK EXACTLY HOW MUCH OF THEIR CONCLUSION RESTS ON SOMETHING THEY CANNOT TEST: `Although this unavoidable confound renders the interpretation of the present finding ambiguous in principle, we believe that the conflict/nonconflict nature of the primes, and not the prime-probe response alternation/repetition, determined the observed pattern.` Then: `Quotation withheld within...` Four markers in three sentences - unavoidable, ambiguous in principle, we believe, if this position is accepted - and everything downstream is explicitly conditional on the belief. The confound is structural: conflict primes necessarily change the response, so the two cannot be separated by any version of this design Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AN UNEXPECTED RESULT ADMITTED AS UNEXPLAINED: `The positive priming on nonconflict prime trials in the auditory-auditory condition was unexpected. Quotation withheld` The effect ran the WRONG WAY in one cell - facilitation where the paper predicts none - and it gets a paragraph of candidate explanations, each marked as speculation, rather than a footnote. A record that stored only the headline `negative priming after conflict primes` would lose a cell that contradicts the framework Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THREE ACCOUNTS ARE TESTED AGAINST THE SAME PATTERN AND ONE OF THEM HAS TO BE PATCHED: distractor inhibition and episodic retrieval both accommodate the conflict result, but for the temporal discrimination account `Quotation withheld.` Two alternative extensions are then offered, both hypothetical. The paper reports which theory needs extra machinery to survive its data, which is a more useful thing to record than which theory it prefers Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. claim_type: existence a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: existence — note: A BLIND second reading by the project on 2026-08-25: the record's own claim type/method/phenomenon were not looked at until every value here was written and substring-verified. Not applied - a person decides. Sampling frame: the 504 staged records carrying no alternatives block, so this never re-measures the 202. All 11 records with 130+ tags were taken as a census and 19 more spread one per discipline across 22 disciplines - the dense non-neuroscience cell is the one the 202 do not contain (inside them, 94-100% of the densest bands are neuroscience; among these 11, one is)., Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. method: behavioural-experiment a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: behavioural-experiment — note: A BLIND second reading by the project on 2026-08-25: the record's own claim type/method/phenomenon were not looked at until every value here was written and substring-verified. Not applied - a person decides. Sampling frame: the 504 staged records carrying no alternatives block, so this never re-measures the 202. All 11 records with 130+ tags were taken as a census and 19 more spread one per discipline across 22 disciplines - the dense non-neuroscience cell is the one the 202 do not contain (inside them, 94-100% of the densest bands are neuroscience; among these 11, one is)., Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. phenomenon: negative priming within and across the auditory and visual modalities, and its dependence on response conflict a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: negative priming — note: A BLIND second reading by the project on 2026-08-25: the record's own claim type/method/phenomenon were not looked at until every value here was written and substring-verified. Not applied - a person decides. Sampling frame: the 504 staged records carrying no alternatives block, so this never re-measures the 202. All 11 records with 130+ tags were taken as a census and 19 more spread one per discipline across 22 disciplines - the dense non-neuroscience cell is the one the 202 do not contain (inside them, 94-100% of the densest bands are neuroscience; among these 11, one is)., Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. replicates → Driver and Baylis (1993) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → Driver and Baylis (1993, Experiment 1) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. conflict —causes→ negative priming conflict negative priming direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 0.85 · note: THE 'only after' IS THE CLAIM AND IT IS IN THE QUOTE. Weight 0.85 rather than higher because of the confound the authors name themselves: conflict primes NECESSARILY change the response between prime and probe, so this edge and 'response alternation causes negative priming' are not separable by any version of this design. The paper says so - 'ambiguous in principle' - and the third sense carries it. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. t-test t-test Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ANOVA ANOVA Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. effect size (Cohen's dz) effect size (Cohen's dz) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. significance level (alpha) significance level (alpha) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. standard error standard error Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Negative priming appeared only when the attended and ignored members of the prime pair called for different responses; nonconflict primes produced none. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The conflict-only pattern of negative priming held for visual stimuli, for auditory stimuli, and in both cross-modal directions (auditory-to-visual and visual-to-auditory). Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Auditory-to-visual and visual-to-auditory negative priming were fairly symmetrical. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. In the auditory-auditory condition, nonconflict-prime trials produced positive priming (faster responses to the previously ignored sound) instead of the null effect seen in the other three presentation conditions. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Whether the probe pair itself was conflicting did not reliably change the size of negative priming. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Ignoring the conflict/nonconflict prime distinction would have shown negative priming in the visual-visual condition but wrongly suggested none in the auditory-auditory condition. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Probe responses were faster after visual than after auditory probes and slower after conflicting than after nonconflicting probes, while prime modality had no effect on probe speed. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Differences between control and ignored-repetition trials must reflect stimulus identity, not the associated response category. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. negative priming negative priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. conflict pair conflict pair Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. nonconflict pair nonconflict pair Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. presentation condition presentation condition Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. trial type trial type Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. probe reaction time probe reaction time Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. error percentage error percentage Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. response category of the ignored prime response category of the ignored prime Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. probe stimulus pair probe stimulus pair Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. spatial compatibility spatial compatibility Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 284 — number of undergraduate participants tested, 198 of them female, aged 18-58 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 768 — number of prime-probe trials each participant completed Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 96 — number of prime/probe trials of each of the four trial types (NC/NC, NC/C, C/NC, C/C) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 669 vs. 897 msec — mean probe reaction time after visual probes versus after auditory probes Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 819 vs. 747 msec — mean probe reaction time following conflict probes versus nonconflict probes Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 252 msec — size of the negative priming effect in the auditory-auditory condition, the largest of the four presentation conditions (the PDF extraction renders the minus sign as a leading 2, i.e. -52 msec, followed by -27, -26 and -18 msec) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 2 msec — the overall auditory-auditory priming effect when conflict and nonconflict prime trials are pooled - negligible and in the positive direction, which is why pooling hides the effect Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 725 vs. 966 msec — mean prime reaction time after visual primes versus after auditory primes Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03196552.