standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| second reading | alternatives | an independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees |
| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| contribution | contribution | what the paper claims to add |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| research question | research_question | the question the paper sets itself |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 4 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | how stimulus representations ARE TRANSFORMED THROUGHOUT THE VISUAL CORTEX, surveyed rather than sampled Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| research_question | whether the standard account of visual cortex survives a survey that does not select its neurons by their responses - A KEY CHALLENGE RESULTS FROM THE FACT THAT THIS UNDERSTANDING IS BASED ON MANY SMALL STUDIES, RECORDING RESPONSES FROM DIFFERENT STAGES IN THE CIRCUIT, USING DIFFERENT STIMULI AND ANALYSES Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | research_question | the paper's words | |
| contribution | an open survey in which THE LARGEST CLASS IS NOT RELIABLY RESPONSIVE TO ANY OF THE STIMULI AND BECOMES PROGRESSIVELY LARGER IN HIGHER VISUAL AREAS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | contribution | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | functional organization of mouse visual cortex Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | calcium-imaging Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: calcium-imaging | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | the bias this survey is built against, described as a procedure: NEURONS WERE IDENTIFIED BY RESPONDING TO A TEST STIMULUS - THE STIMULUS WAS THEN HAND-TUNED TO ELICIT THE STRONGEST RELIABLE RESPONSE FROM THAT NEURON, AND THE EXPERIMENT PROCEEDED USING MANIPULATIONS AROUND THIS CONDITION Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | and what that procedure cannot see: THESE STUDIES MAY HAVE FAILED TO CAPTURE THE VARIABILITY OF RESPONSES, THE BREADTH OF FEATURES THAT WILL ELICIT A NEURAL RESPONSE, AND THE BREADTH OF FEATURES THAT DO NOT ELICIT A RESPONSE - THIS RESULTS IN SYSTEMATIC BIAS IN THE MEASUREMENT OF NEURONS AND A CONFIRMATION BIAS REGARDING MODEL ASSUMPTIONS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | the one design decision that removes it: THIS PIPELINE REDUCED CRITICAL EXPERIMENTAL BIASES BY SEPARATING QUALITY CONTROL OF DATA COLLECTION FROM RESPONSE CHARACTERIZATION Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | and the reason it matters for a whole literature: THIS UNDERSTANDING IS BASED ON MANY SMALL STUDIES, RECORDING RESPONSES FROM DIFFERENT STAGES IN THE CIRCUIT, USING DIFFERENT STIMULI AND ANALYSES - THE INHERENT EXPERIMENTAL SELECTION BIASES AND LACK OF STANDARDIZATION OF THIS APPROACH INTRODUCE ADDITIONAL OBSTACLES TO CREATING A COHESIVE UNDERSTANDING OF CORTICAL FUNCTION Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The putative ventral higher visual areas could not be imaged, so the expected inverse (spatial-over-motion) organisation could not be tested. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[4] - the putative ventral higher visual areas could not be imaged, so the expected inverse organisation is missing for a reason about the window, not the brain | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Neurons classed as responding only to natural stimuli may be conventional cells tuned to spatial or temporal frequencies the stimulus set did not sample. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the class of neurons responding only to natural stimuli: THESE NEURONS COULD BE 'CLASSICAL' NEURONS AS WELL BUT ARE TUNED FOR SPATIAL OR TEMPORAL FREQUENCIES THAT WERE NOT INCLUDED IN OUR STIMULUS SET | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The wavelet models leave a large amount of visually responsive activity unexplained. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the explanatory reach of the wavelet models: THERE IS A GREAT DEAL OF VISUALLY RESPONSIVE ACTIVITY THAT IS NOT BEING CAPTURED BY THESE MODELS | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The epileptiform-event screening used to exclude mice could not be applied to the inhibitory Cre lines. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the epileptiform screening, and therefore the quality control on the inhibitory lines: INHIBITORY LINES WERE EXCLUDED FROM THIS ANALYSIS AS THE NEURONAL LABELLING WAS TOO SPARSE TO RELIABLY ASSESS THESE EVENTS | limitations[3] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | one half of the expected organisation is missing for a reason that is about the window, not the brain - WE WERE UNABLE TO IMAGE THE PUTATIVE VENTRAL AREAS LI, POR, OR P WITHIN OUR CRANIAL WINDOW Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: reading the absence of a ventral counterpart to the dorsal specialisation as a finding about the cortex | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the largest class may be an artefact of the stimulus set rather than a property of the cells - IT IS POSSIBLE THESE NEURONS ARE VISUALLY DRIVEN, BUT ARE RESPONSIVE TO HIGHLY SPARSE AND SPECIFIC NATURAL FEATURES, or THESE NEURONS COULD BE INVOLVED IN NON-VISUAL COMPUTATION Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: reading 'does not respond to visual stimuli' as 'is not visual' | limitations[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | and the stimulus parameters may have been set too low - AS OUR STIMULUS PARAMETERS WERE CHOSEN TO MATCH PREVIOUS MEASUREMENTS OF MOUSE ACUITY, THIS COULD SUGGEST THAT THE ACUITY OF MOUSE HAS BEEN UNDERESTIMATED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: reading poor prediction for artificial stimuli as a property of the neurons rather than of the parameter range | limitations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the models fail for most of the cortex - EVEN WITH THE INCLUSION OF RUNNING, OUR MODELS PREDICT RESPONSES IN A MINORITY OF NEURONS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any claim that the standard models describe this cortex: EVEN WITH THE INCLUSION OF RUNNING, OUR MODELS PREDICT RESPONSES IN A MINORITY OF NEURONS | limitations[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | the pipeline itself - STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES WITH INTEGRATED ENGINEERING TOOLS, applied to make 243 mice comparable to each other Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | 0.8 | the tagger's words |
| controls | quality control of the recording separated from characterisation of the response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: the dataset selecting for cells that respond - STRICT QUALITY CONTROL MEASURES NOT DEPENDENT UPON STIMULUS-DRIVEN ACTIVITY · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | the functional classes validated against a model containing the standard machinery plus running speed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: the classes being an artefact of the reliability clustering - the models contain MOST OF THE BASIC FEATURES FOUND IN VISUAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL MODELING as well as THE RUNNING SPEED OF THE MOUSE · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): partial | controls[1] | 0.8 | the tagger's words |
| controls | both artificial and natural stimuli presented to the same neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a conclusion that holds only for parameterised stimuli - RESPONSES TO NATURAL SCENES CANNOT BE WELL PREDICTED BY RESPONSES TO NOISE OR GRATING STIMULI · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | running checked as an explanation for the unresponsive class Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: locomotion accounting for the 'none' class - WE FOUND LITTLE EVIDENCE THAT THESE NEURONS WERE CORRELATED WITH THE MOUSE'S RUNNING · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | a STANDARDISED survey - fixed operating procedures and stimuli applied identically across 59,610 neurons in 243 mice - in place of experiment-specific stimulus choices Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: the experimenter's choice of stimulus as the determinant of what is found. The paper states the fault it is answering: earlier studies 'may have failed to capture…', producing 'a CONFIRMATION BIAS regarding…' · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[4] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | none Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: none | concepts[0] | 0.85 | the paper's words |
| senses | THE LARGEST CLASS OF NEURONS RESPONDS TO NOTHING: REMARKABLY, THE LARGEST CLASS OF NEURONS WAS THE “none” CLASS, CONSTITUTING THOSE NEURONS THAT DID NOT RESPOND RELIABLY TO ANY OF THE STIMULI (34% OF NEURONS) - THESE NEURONS ARE THE LEAST LIKELY TO BE DESCRIBED BY “classical receptive fields,” AS EVIDENCED BY THEIR POOR MODEL PERFORMANCE FOR ALL STIMULI Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and in one area it is almost everything: AREA RL HAS THE LARGEST PROPORTION OF NEURONS IN THE “none” CLASS, OVER 85%, CONSISTENT WITH THE VERY LOW PERCENT OF RESPONSIVE NEURONS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE PAPER ASKS THE QUESTION ITSELF AND LEAVES IT OPEN: WHAT, THEN, DO THESE NEURONS DO? - and offers both readings, that they ARE RESPONSIVE TO HIGHLY SPARSE AND SPECIFIC NATURAL FEATURES or COULD BE INVOLVED IN NON-VISUAL COMPUTATION Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE CLASS THE STANDARD MODEL EXPLAINS IS A TENTH OF THE CORTEX: NEURONS IN THE “DG-SG-NS-NM” CLASS WERE WELL PREDICTED, WITH VALUES COMPARABLE TO THOSE FOUND IN PRIMATES - HOWEVER, THIS CLASS CONSTITUTES ONLY 10% OF THE MOUSE VISUAL CORTEX. And EVEN WITH THE INCLUSION OF RUNNING, OUR MODELS PREDICT RESPONSES IN A MINORITY OF NEURONS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE SELECTION BIAS OF A WHOLE LITERATURE, DESCRIBED AS A PROCEDURE: NEURONS WERE IDENTIFIED BY RESPONDING TO A TEST STIMULUS - THE STIMULUS WAS THEN HAND-TUNED TO ELICIT THE STRONGEST RELIABLE RESPONSE FROM THAT NEURON... THIS RESULTS IN SYSTEMATIC BIAS IN THE MEASUREMENT OF NEURONS AND A CONFIRMATION BIAS REGARDING MODEL ASSUMPTIONS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and the fix is one sentence of study design: THIS PIPELINE REDUCED CRITICAL EXPERIMENTAL BIASES BY SEPARATING QUALITY CONTROL OF DATA COLLECTION FROM RESPONSE CHARACTERIZATION - the decision to include a cell is made before anyone knows whether it responds Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[5] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE PROBLEM STATED AS A PROBLEM OF SYNTHESIS: THIS UNDERSTANDING IS BASED ON MANY SMALL STUDIES, RECORDING RESPONSES FROM DIFFERENT STAGES IN THE CIRCUIT, USING DIFFERENT STIMULI AND ANALYSES - THE INHERENT EXPERIMENTAL SELECTION BIASES AND LACK OF STANDARDIZATION OF THIS APPROACH INTRODUCE ADDITIONAL OBSTACLES TO CREATING A COHESIVE UNDERSTANDING OF CORTICAL FUNCTION Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and the field asked for exactly this: INFLUENTIAL REVIEWS HAVE QUESTIONED THE VALIDITY OF THIS STANDARD MODEL, AND HAVE ARGUED THAT “What would be most helpful is to accumulate a database of single unit or multi-unit data that would allow modelers to test their best theory under ecological conditions.” Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | A MISSING HALF OF THE ANSWER, ATTRIBUTED TO THE WINDOW AND NOT THE BRAIN: THE LACK OF AN INVERSE RELATIONSHIP, WHEREIN SPATIAL INFORMATION IS OVERREPRESENTED RELATIVE TO MOTION IN A PUTATIVE “ventral” STREAM, LIKELY REFLECTS THE FACT THAT WE WERE UNABLE TO IMAGE THE PUTATIVE VENTRAL AREAS LI, POR, OR P WITHIN OUR CRANIAL WINDOW Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | TWO INTERNEURON CLASSES, 94% AGAINST 9%, TO THE SAME STIMULUS: 94% OF Sst NEURONS IN V1 ARE RESPONSIVE TO DRIFTING GRATINGS, AND RESPOND QUITE RELIABLY ACROSS TRIALS, FAR MORE THAN THE OTHER CRE LINES - Vip NEURONS, ON THE OTHER HAND, ARE LARGELY UNRESPONSIVE, EVEN SUPPRESSED, BY DRIFTING GRATINGS, WITH ONLY 9% OF Vip NEURONS IN V1 LABELLED RESPONSIVE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[9] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and the same cells are highly responsive to a different stimulus class: Vip NEURONS ARE VERY RESPONSIVE TO BOTH NATURAL SCENES AND NATURAL MOVIES, but SHOW LITTLE SELECTIVITY TO THESE STIMULI, AS THEIR MEDIAN LIFETIME SPARSENESS IS LOWER THAN BOTH THE Sst AND THE EXCITATORY NEURONS. `Vip cells are unresponsive` is true of one stimulus set and false of another Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[10] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | A MEASUREMENT THAT REVERSES AN EARLIER ONE, WITH THE STIMULUS NAMED: RECEPTIVE FIELD MAPPING USING LOCALLY SPARSE NOISE REVEALED THAT Vip NEURONS IN V1 HAVE REMARKABLY LARGE RECEPTIVE FIELD AREAS, LARGER THAN BOTH Sst AND EXCITATORY NEURONS, IN CONTRAST TO THE SMALLER SUMMATION AREA FOR Vip NEURONS, PREVIOUSLY MEASURED USING WINDOWED DRIFTING GRATINGS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE STIMULUS CLASS DECIDES THE ANSWER, AND THE PAPER SAYS SO BEFORE MEASURING: IT IS KNOWN THAT STIMULUS STATISTICS AFFECT VISUAL RESPONSES, SUCH THAT RESPONSES TO NATURAL SCENES CANNOT BE WELL PREDICTED BY RESPONSES TO NOISE OR GRATING STIMULI - WHILE ARTIFICIAL STIMULI CAN BE EASILY PARAMETERIZED AND INTERPRETED, NATURAL STIMULI ARE CLOSER TO WHAT IS ETHOLOGICALLY RELEVANT Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the headline positive, with its complement: 77% OF NEURONS IN THE MOUSE VISUAL CORTEX RESPOND TO AT LEAST ONE OF THESE VISUAL STIMULI - and THE RESPONSES TO ALL STIMULI ARE HIGHLY SPARSE AND VARIABLE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE DIFFERENCES ARE BETWEEN THE INHIBITORY LINES, NOT THE EXCITATORY ONES: WHILE SUBTLE DIFFERENCES DO EXIST BETWEEN THE EXCITATORY CRE LINES, THESE POPULATIONS ARE LARGELY SIMILAR; THE MORE MARKED DIFFERENCES ARE AMONG THE INHIBITORY INTERNEURONS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and yet the excitatory lines are not interchangeable either: RORB, SCNN1A-TG3, AND NR5A1, WHICH LABEL DISTINCT LAYER 4 POPULATIONS IN V1, EXHIBIT DISTINCT SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL TUNING PROPERTIES, DIFFERENT DEGREES OF RUNNING CORRELATION, AND SUBTLE DIFFERENCES IN THEIR CLASS DISTRIBUTION - THESE DIFFERENCES SUGGEST THAT THERE ARE SEPARATE CHANNELS OF FEEDFORWARD INFORMATION Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE CLASSES DO NOT RESPECT THE AREAS: Quotation withheld Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | and what organisation there is comes from proportions rather than presence: THE OVERREPRESENTATION OF CLASSES RESPONSIVE TO NATURAL MOVIES AND MOTION STIMULI IN AREAS AL, PM, AND AM RELATIVE TO THE OTHER CLASSES IS CONSISTENT WITH THE ASSIGNMENT OF THESE AREAS TO THE PUTATIVE “dorsal” OR “motion” STREAM Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | THE DATASET IS THE CONTRIBUTION AND IT IS ALREADY BEING REUSED: THESE DATA HAVE BEEN USED BY OTHER RESEARCHERS TO DEVELOP IMAGE PROCESSING METHODS, TO EXAMINE STIMULUS ENCODING AND DECODING, AND TO TEST MODELS OF CORTICAL COMPUTATIONS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| alternatives | claim_type: existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: existence — note: a second reading reaching the same value from a different sentence. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.claim_type | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | method: run every animal through one standardised pipeline with QUALITY CONTROL MEASURES NOT DEPENDENT UPON STIMULUS-DRIVEN ACTIVITY, so that entry into the dataset is decided before any response is measured Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: calcium-imaging — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.method | the tagger's words | |
| alternatives | phenomenon: a population of cortical neurons that respond reliably to none of the stimuli a field has spent decades building Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: functional organization of mouse visual cortex — note: a second reading, verbatim-verified, disagreeing with the value on the record. Not applied - a person decides. | alternatives.phenomenon | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Jewell et al. L0-penalized event detection method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Vinje and Gallant definition of lifetime sparseness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Schoppe et al. computation of CCmax Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | critiques → the standard model of visual cortex built from hand-tuned single-neuron recordings Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: how the neurons enter the sample - NEURONS WERE IDENTIFIED BY RESPONDING TO A TEST STIMULUS and THE STIMULUS WAS THEN HAND-TUNED TO ELICIT THE STRONGEST RELIABLE RESPONSE | claim_relations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | contradicts → the smaller summation area reported for Vip neurons Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: the stimulus used to map it - LOCALLY SPARSE NOISE here, against WINDOWED DRIFTING GRATINGS previously | claim_relations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | extends → previous work showing functional differences among cortical areas in layer 2/3, extended across layers and 12 transgenic lines Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[5] | 0.7 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | qualifies → the assignment of AL, PM and AM to a dorsal stream Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: that the complement was not testable - WE WERE UNABLE TO IMAGE THE PUTATIVE VENTRAL AREAS LI, POR, OR P WITHIN OUR CRANIAL WINDOW | claim_relations[6] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | none —is-a→ class Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: THE LARGEST CLASS OF NEURONS WAS THE 'none' CLASS, CONSTITUTING THOSE NEURONS THAT DID NOT RESPOND RELIABLY TO ANY OF THE STIMULI (34% OF NEURONS) | concept_edges[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | none —part-of→ RL Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. depends on: which area is measured - the same class is 34% of the survey as a whole · strength of the relation: 0.85 · note: AREA RL HAS THE LARGEST PROPORTION OF NEURONS IN THE 'none' CLASS, OVER 85%
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but RL has the largest share of non-responsive neurons; part-of is loose. | concept_edges[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | quality control —causes→ bias Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: THIS PIPELINE REDUCED CRITICAL EXPERIMENTAL BIASES BY SEPARATING QUALITY CONTROL OF DATA COLLECTION FROM RESPONSE CHARACTERIZATION
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but the pipeline reduced biases; the edge carries no direction. also in: quality control · bias | concept_edges[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | natural —contrasted-with→ gratings Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: RESPONSES TO NATURAL SCENES CANNOT BE WELL PREDICTED BY RESPONSES TO NOISE OR GRATING STIMULI
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the source endpoint 'natural' is a bare adjective; the span writes 'natural (scenes and movies) stimuli'. | concept_edges[11] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | correlation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: correlation | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Bonferroni correction Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Bonferroni correction | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | chi-squared test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: chi-squared test | content_tags.statistics[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Sidak multiple-comparisons correction Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.statistics[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Gaussian mixture model clustering with Bayesian Information Criterion model selection Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.statistics[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | K-nearest-neighbors classification (decoding) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.statistics[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | cross-validation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: cross-validation | content_tags.statistics[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | ridge regression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ridge regression | content_tags.statistics[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | polynomial regression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: polynomial regression | content_tags.statistics[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | coefficient of variation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: coefficient of variation | content_tags.statistics[10] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | interquartile range Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: interquartile range | content_tags.statistics[11] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | bootstrap Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: bootstrap | content_tags.statistics[12] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | permutation/shuffle test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: permutation/shuffle test | content_tags.statistics[13] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | lifetime sparseness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: lifetime sparseness | content_tags.statistics[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | IN TOTAL, 77% OF NEURONS WERE RESPONSIVE TO AT LEAST ONE OF THE VISUAL STIMULI PRESENTED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | BY FAR THE LARGEST SINGLE CLASS REVEALED BY THIS ANALYSIS IS THAT OF NEURONS THAT ARE LARGELY UNRESPONSIVE TO ALL STIMULI, TERMED `none,` WHICH CONTAINS 34±2% OF THE NEURONS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Area RL is the extreme case, with over 85% of its neurons falling into the unresponsive 'none' class. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | How reliably a neuron responds to one stimulus type predicts almost nothing about how reliably it responds to another. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | A standard linear-plus-quadratic Gabor wavelet encoding model fits only about 2% of the population well, with median correlations near 0.2. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Adding the mouse's running speed to the encoding model gave essentially no extra predictive power except for Vip neurons in V1. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Most neurons do not respond on most individual trials, even to the stimulus condition that drives their largest average response. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Sst interneurons are the most reliably driven population, with 94% of Sst neurons in V1 responsive to drifting gratings. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Vip interneurons are the mirror image: only 9% of Vip neurons in V1 are responsive to drifting gratings, and many are suppressed by them. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | COMPARISONS ACROSS AREAS AND LAYERS REVEALED THAT DIRECTION SELECTIVITY IS HIGHEST IN LAYER 4 OF V1 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Excitatory neurons had a median lifetime sparseness of 0.77 for natural scenes. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[10] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | THIS DIVERGENCE IN REPRESENTATION OF THE MOTION CLASSES FROM THE NATURAL CLASSES IN AREAS AL, PM, AND AM IS CONSISTENT WITH THE PUTATIVE DORSAL AND VENTRAL STREAM SEGREGATION IN THE VISUAL CORTEX Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[11] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Vip neurons in V1 have unusually large receptive fields mapped with sparse noise, larger than Sst or excitatory neurons and at odds with their small summation area measured with windowed gratings. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[12] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | REMARKABLY, THE LARGEST CLASS OF NEURONS WAS THE `none` CLASS, CONSTITUTING THOSE NEURONS THAT DID NOT RESPOND RELIABLY TO ANY OF THE STIMULI (34% OF NEURONS) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | AREA RL HAS THE LARGEST PROPORTION OF NEURONS IN THE `none` CLASS, OVER 85% Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the well-predicted class CONSTITUTES ONLY 10% OF THE MOUSE VISUAL CORTEX, and EVEN WITH THE INCLUSION OF RUNNING, OUR MODELS PREDICT RESPONSES IN A MINORITY OF NEURONS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 77% OF NEURONS IN THE MOUSE VISUAL CORTEX RESPOND TO AT LEAST ONE OF THESE VISUAL STIMULI, and THE RESPONSES TO ALL STIMULI ARE HIGHLY SPARSE AND VARIABLE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 94% OF Sst NEURONS IN V1 ARE RESPONSIVE TO DRIFTING GRATINGS, while ONLY 9% OF Vip NEURONS IN V1 are LABELLED RESPONSIVE Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[17] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Vip NEURONS IN V1 HAVE REMARKABLY LARGE RECEPTIVE FIELD AREAS, LARGER THAN BOTH Sst AND EXCITATORY NEURONS, IN CONTRAST TO THE SMALLER SUMMATION AREA PREVIOUSLY MEASURED USING WINDOWED DRIFTING GRATINGS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[18] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | Quotation withheld Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[19] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | WHILE SUBTLE DIFFERENCES DO EXIST BETWEEN THE EXCITATORY CRE LINES, THESE POPULATIONS ARE LARGELY SIMILAR; THE MORE MARKED DIFFERENCES ARE AMONG THE INHIBITORY INTERNEURONS Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[20] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | lifetime sparseness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: lifetime sparseness | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | population sparseness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: population sparseness | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | reliability Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: reliability | content_tags.definitions[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | response class Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: response class | content_tags.definitions[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | imaging depths Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: imaging depths | content_tags.variables[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | mean response Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: mean response | content_tags.variables[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | tuning metrics Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: tuning metrics | content_tags.variables[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | running state Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: running state | content_tags.variables[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | pupil position and area Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: pupil position and area | content_tags.variables[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | running Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: running | content_tags.variables[7] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | class Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: class | content_tags.variables[8] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 59,610 — neurons imaged in the survey, drawn from 432 experiments Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 77% — share of neurons responsive to at least one visual stimulus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 34±2% — share of clustered neurons in the 'none' class, unresponsive to every stimulus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 33% — share of neurons in area RL responding to any stimulus, the lowest of the six areas Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | median 0.36 — WHILE Sst NEURONS WERE COMPARABLE TO EXCITATORY NEURONS (MEDIAN 0.77), Vip NEURONS EXHIBITED LOW LIFETIME SPARSENESS (MEDIAN 0.36) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 13% — share of neurons whose evoked responses were significantly modulated by running Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 1.9 fold — increase in the median evoked response when the mouse was running versus stationary Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | median 0.02 — noise correlation of excitatory populations, against 0.06 for Sst and 0.15 for Vip Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 517451 — number of free parameters in the 3D Gabor wavelet encoding model Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 33.6% — share of neurons successfully matched across all three imaging sessions Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 21% — share of responsive neurons whose trial responses the average tuning curve predicts with r above 0.5 (11% of all neurons) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[10] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | over 85% — share of area RL neurons in the unresponsive 'none' class Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[11] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 34% — of neurons in the 'none' class - the largest single class in the survey Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. depends on: the area - AREA RL HAS THE LARGEST PROPORTION OF NEURONS IN THE 'none' CLASS, OVER 85% | content_tags.quantities[12] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | only 10% — of the mouse visual cortex in the class the standard model predicts well Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[13] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 77% — of neurons responding to AT LEAST ONE of the stimuli - so 23% respond to none of them Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[14] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | 94% — of Sst neurons in V1 responsive to drifting gratings Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. depends on: the cell class - the matched Vip figure is 9% | content_tags.quantities[15] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | over 85% — of neurons in area RL falling in the 'none' class Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[16] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
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