Imaging Unconscious Semantic Priming

Imaging Unconscious Semantic Priming Stanislas Dehaene Lionel Naccache Gurvan Le Clec H Etienne Koechlin Michael Mueller Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz Pierre-Francois van de Moortele Denis Le Bihan

Tag layer of the DHSS Meta-Tagging Project. The article text is reproduced from the staged copy named in sourceDesc and is not altered; the tags are held separately in standOff so that overlapping and nested spans are preserved.

Imaging Unconscious Semantic Priming 1998 Nature 10.1038/26967 dehaene1998-unconscious-priming dehaene1998-unconscious-priming.txt, the project's staged copy 3c0ea83f8fa777ec5204f5382b6836030d98a66c personal-copy neuroscience

the paper's own words

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them existence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. masked semantic priming of number comparison Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. fmri fmri Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ERP localisation of the covert priming effect is spatially imprecise, which is why fMRI was added Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The haemodynamic measure is too coarse to resolve the small activation delays produced by masked priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the lateralized readiness potential, an ERP measure of covert motor preparation, rebuilt in the haemodynamic signal and renamed the lateralized BOLD response Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the number-comparison task performed twice by every subject, in counterbalanced order eliminates: an order effect between the two runs, and between-subject differences, at once - each subject does both and the order is balanced across them · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prime prime Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. motor cortex motor cortex Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. awareness awareness Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE INVISIBLE PRIME APPLIES THE TASK INSTRUCTIONS, WHICH IS A STRONGER CLAIM THAN SEMANTIC ACTIVATION. `the interference between prime and target can be attributed to a covert, prime-induced activation of motor cortex, a response bias that must be overcome in incongruent trials. This indicates that the prime was unconsciously processed according to task instructions, all the way down to the motor system.` The unseen numeral was compared to 5 and a hand was prepared. Most masked-priming records in this corpus argue about whether MEANING was reached; this one argues that a RULE was executed on something nobody saw Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND THE CONTROL ANSWERS THE OBJECTION THAT WEAKENED AN EARLIER RESULT IN THIS SAME CORPUS: `the entire response time distribution was shifted by ~24 ms in incongruent trials compared with congruent trials. Thus, there was no evidence that the effect was found in only A small proportion of subjects or A small number of trials with a distinct distribution of response times.` buchner2003 - tagged three records ago - reports that Driver & Baylis's cross-modal effect `was observed only for a small subgroup of 14 (out of 24) participants`, which `leaves some uncertainty as to the reality` of it. This paper pre-empts exactly that, with a distributional argument rather than an average, and reports that all 12 subjects showed the effect about this quote: the staged text carries a COMPARISON/APPROXIMATION OPERATOR REPLACED BY PUNCTUATION: the paper's “~24 ms” is staged as “,24 ms”. Not a spurious space and not a reversal - the character is REPLACED and the result is still grammatical, so it reads as a stray comma rather than as damage. Settled from the paper's own preceding sentence, which gives “average 24 ms, s.d. 13.5 ms”, and the same paragraph carries “(P , 0:0001)” for “P < 0.0001”. The tag's own label already reads “~24 ms”, so the reading was right and only the evidence is damaged; the quote is verbatim against the staged text and no re-slice avoids the character. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE WHOLE PROCESSING CHAIN IS PLACED OUTSIDE AWARENESS IN ONE SENTENCE: `Quotation withheld.` Three stages, named in order, and the claim is that none of them requires consciousness. That is the sentence the rest of this corpus's masked-priming records are arguing with - Holcomb2005 asks whether the N400 stage is automatic, Huang2018 restricts affective primacy to face stimuli, Kouider2008 asks about levels of processing. Here all three levels are claimed at once, from a single 43 ms numeral Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → studies of masked-face modulation of amygdala activity (refs 11, 12: Whalen et al. 1998; Morris, Öhman & Dolan 1998) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → prior imaging of unconscious cerebral processing (refs 13, 14: Berns, Cohen & Mintun 1997; Sahraie et al. 1997) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prime —causes→ motor cortex prime motor cortex direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: THE PAPER'S CENTRAL CLAIM AND ITS MOST SURPRISING ONE: an unreportable stimulus produces measurable motor activation. 'covert' and 'can be attributed to' are both in the quote - the motor activation is measured, and its attribution to the prime is the inference. Weight 0.9 rather than 0.95 for that second half. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the unseen prime modulates brain activation and congruent responses Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. effect-size effect-size about this quote: THE MATHS LAYER OF THE STAGED TEXT WAS MOJIBAKE AND HAS BEEN REPAIRED. This paper's extraction rendered '=' as U+00BC (the vulgar fraction one quarter) and '+' as U+00FE (thorn), so the quote read 'p ¼ 0.01' where the paper says 'p = 0.01'. It passed every check we own, because the staged text said the same wrong thing: the offsets were right and the recorded hash of the staged text matched. Repaired only where the character stands in an operator's place - spaced, with a number after it - because the same U+00BC is a REAL QUARTER in six other papers ('a ¼ inch condenser microphone'). Original in evidence as extracted, pre-repair file in an internal file. QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Correction, 18 September 2026: only '=' and '+' were repaired. In this quote the ':' in 'P = 0:0027' is a decimal point (P = 0.0027) and still prints wrongly. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. false-discovery-rate false-discovery-rate about this quote: QUOTE REPAIRED: the extractor split a unicode and the quote was recorded faithfully with the damage in it, which made it unanchorable. The repaired string is an EXACT SUBSTRING of the staged text - that is why it was accepted, not because a rule produced it. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. t-test t-test about this quote: QUOTE REPAIRED: the extractor split a all and the quote was recorded faithfully with the damage in it, which made it unanchorable. The repaired string is an EXACT SUBSTRING of the staged text - that is why it was accepted, not because a rule produced it. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1038/26967.