standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 3 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| claim_type | mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | heterosis in chromosomal inversion heterozygotes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | experiment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: experiment | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The cages were not run long enough for the inferior chromosome type to be eliminated, so the predicted outcome was not observed to completion. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the elimination prediction specifically: THE CH CHROMOSOMES WERE RARE IN CAGES NOS. 48 AND 49, BUT MUCH LONGER OBSERVATION WOULD BE NEEDED TO SEE THEM ELIMINATED COMPLETELY | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | In the California-Mexico cage No. 55 the viability differences among genotypes did not reach conventional significance. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the viability comparison in cage No. 55: THE DIFFERENCES ARE, HOWEVER, MOSTLY BELOW THE CONVENTIONAL LEVEL OF STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The paper opens its discussion by saying the term names several scarcely related phenomena that the field treats as one. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any result reported as heterosis or hybrid vigor: the paper states these terms Quotation withheld, so two such results need not be about the same thing | limitations[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | Fitness measured at one developmental stage can point the opposite way from fitness overall, and the paper gives its own case. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: a fitness or survival figure from a single developmental stage: adaptive value is stated not to be proportional to survival value at all stages, and here some types with higher egg-to-adult mortality were nevertheless adaptively superior | limitations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The effect is a property of chromosomes that evolved together, so the same gene-arrangement label does not carry the same behaviour between localities. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: a heterosis result carried from one population to another: polygene complexes from geographically distant localities have not undergone coadaptation, so the same chromosomal type does not behave the same way in a different population | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | inversion heterozygotes compared against inversion homozygotes, with the paper noting that the heterozygotes were also heterozygous for geographical gene complexes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: very little on its own - and the paper says so, which is why this is worth recording: it names the confound its own comparison does not remove · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): partial | controls[0] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | heterosis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: heterosis | concepts[0] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | euheterosis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: euheterosis | concepts[1] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | luxuriance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: luxuriance | concepts[2] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | adaptive value Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: adaptive value | concepts[3] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | polygene complexes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: polygene complexes | concepts[4] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | population cages Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: population cages | concepts[5] | the paper's words | |
| senses | heterosis - KIND ONE, AN ACCIDENT OF MUTATION: superiority arising because deleterious recessive mutants are hidden by their dominant alleles, which is a by-product of the mutation process Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | heterosis - KIND TWO, A PRODUCT OF SELECTION: specific interaction effects from complexes of linked polygenes, called overdominance, engendered by natural selection as adaptation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | adaptive value - AS FREQUENCY CHANGE IN A CAGE: not a physiological measurement but the observed change in the relative frequencies of two types over time in a population cage Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Wright and Dobzhansky (1946) and Dobzhansky (1947a, b) population-cage results on within-population heterosis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | polygene complexes —causes→ heterosis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 also in: polygene complexes · heterosis | concept_edges[0] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | euheterosis —distinct-from→ luxuriance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 also in: euheterosis · luxuriance | concept_edges[1] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · adaptive value —operationalised-as→ population cages Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. EVIDENCE CORRECTED: RE-GROUNDED. Same sentence, CARRIED TO ITS END. The old span stopped at 'observing the…' and lost the apparatus; the full sentence finishes '…breeding in POPULATION CAGES…', which is the operationalisation the edge records. The broken word 'popula tions' is the staged text's own and is quoted as it stands. — strength of the relation: 1
Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but adaptive values are DETERMINED by observing frequencies in population cages; operationalised-as is loose. also in: adaptive value · population cages | concept_edges[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | chi-squared Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: chi-squared | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | degrees of freedom Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: degrees of freedom | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | significance level Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: significance level | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Inversion heterozygotes built from two third chromosomes of the same population show heterosis, but heterozygotes built from chromosomes of geographically remote populations generally do not. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | In every experiment one homozygote was sharply less viable than the heterozygote (quotients 0.17 to 0.76). Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Heterozygosity for same-population ST and AR third chromosomes raises viability even on a geographically mixed background of the other chromosomes. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | In both cages the adaptive values were ST/AR > ST/ST > AR/AR, the reverse of the viability relations in cage 46. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | By March 1948 Arrowhead had risen to 91 percent and Chiricahua had fallen to 9 percent. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | In cage 56 the Pinon Arrowhead homozygote was significantly more viable than the heterozygote, and the Mexican Chiricahua homozygote equally or slightly more viable. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | A type's adaptive value (net fitness) is not necessarily proportional to its survival at every developmental stage. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | coadaptation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: coadaptation | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | viability quotient Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: viability quotient | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0.17 to 0.76 — Range of viability quotients of the inferior homozygote relative to the heterozygote across the five geographically mixed cages Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | chi-squares 6.63 to 16.05 — Range of chi-squared values testing the inferiority of the poorly viable homozygote against the heterozygote, on the pooled sexes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 91 percent ... 9 percent — Frequencies of Mather Arrowhead and Pinon Chiricahua chromosomes in cage 45 by March 1948, from an equal start in February 1947 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 79 percent ... 53 percent — Equilibrium frequency of Arrowhead reached in pure Pinon Flats and in pure Mather populations, against which the runaway hybrid cages are compared Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 1,217 — Number of AR/CH heterozygote flies introduced into population cage No. 45 at the start of the experiment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 300 miles — Distance between the two Californian source localities, Mather and Pinon Flats Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 31:32 — Probability that both chromosomal types of a heterozygous parent are detected when six larvae are examined, implying one thirty-second of heterozygotes are misclassified as homozygotes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.