Repetition Priming and Frequency Attenuation in Lexical Access

Repetition Priming and Frequency Attenuation in Lexical Access Kenneth I. Forster Chris Davis

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Repetition Priming and Frequency Attenuation in Lexical Access 1984 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 10.1037/0278-7393.10.4.680 forster-davis1984-masked-repetition forster-davis1984-masked-repetition.txt, the project's staged copy a950b8a23b60eb1f0287a3d8679905ed59feaad0 personal-copy cognitive-psychology

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them mechanism Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. masked repetition priming and frequency attenuation in lexical decision Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. behavioural-experiment behavioural-experiment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The data cannot distinguish time-based decay of the masked effect from interference by intervening items. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Whether context items can ever produce a standard long-term frequency-sensitive effect is left open. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Experiment 4's repetition effect was too weak for the frequency interaction of central interest to be interpretable. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The absence of a nontarget-priming effect may reflect low power rather than a true null. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. two sets of materials were built so that a repeated item in one set was preceded by the same context in the other, counterbalancing across the Repetition factor eliminates: that the repetition effect is an item effect - that repeated and unrepeated items are simply different words · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. high-frequency words were included as a control against the low-frequency items eliminates: that the repetition-induced variance increase is a general property rather than one specific to low-frequency words · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): partial Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. frequency attenuation frequency attenuation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. repetition effects repetition effects Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. episodic memory episodic memory Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. episodic trace episodic trace Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. episodic effect episodic effect Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ONE NAME, TWO COMPONENTS - AND THE THIRD RECORD TODAY TO MAKE THAT MOVE: `Quotation withheld.` tulving-schacter1990 splits priming into PRS and semantic memory; was2019 splits long-term semantic priming into strengthening and memory-for-operations; this splits the repetition effect into lexical and episodic. Three decades, three different pairs, and every one splits a term the field was using as if it named one thing. They are not the same distinction - each is drawn on the dimension its own experiments could separate - which is what makes the pattern worth more than any of them Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND MASKING IS A DISSECTION INSTRUMENT HERE, NOT A WAY OF HIDING A STIMULUS: `the masking is assumed to minimize the influence of any possible episodic trace of the prime.` Every other masked-priming record in this corpus masks to make the prime UNREPORTABLE - dehaene1998, marcel1983, Finkbeiner2011, hesselmann2016, and all the argument about whether the subject saw it. Here masking SUBTRACTS A COMPONENT so the other can be measured alone, and the evidence that it worked is that frequency attenuation disappears. A reader who knows masked priming as an awareness paradigm will misread this design Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND THE TARGET IS A CLASS OF MODEL, NAMED: `Quotation withheld.` The paper is not reporting an effect and looking for an explanation - it is reporting an effect that a specific published architecture cannot produce. A result aimed at a model is falsifiable in a way a result aimed at a phenomenon is not, and it is why this paper is still cited: the model it was aimed at is Forster's own Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND THE CLAIM IS ABOUT THE TASK, NOT THE FACULTY: `frequency attenuation is a product of the involvement of the episodic memory system in the lexical decision process.` Not that lexical access is episodic - that the lexical decision TASK recruits episodic memory, so a measure everyone treats as a window on the lexicon is partly a memory test. The same shape as the task-difficulty artifact and the associative-priming confound: the instrument is part of the phenomenon, and that is now four records this session saying so about four different measures Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. replicates → Evett and Humphreys (1981) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Oliphant (1983) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Balota (1983) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. episodic memory —causes→ frequency attenuation episodic memory frequency attenuation direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: 'is a product of' IS THE PAPER'S OWN VERB AND THE CLAIM IS ABOUT THE TASK. Episodic memory is recruited BY THE LEXICAL DECISION PROCESS, and that recruitment produces the frequency sensitivity. Weight 0.9: it is the abstract's stated hypothesis and the masking experiments are built to test it - remove the episodic trace and the attenuation goes. The direction is testable and was tested, which is why this is 0.9 rather than the 0.7 a bare attribution would get. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but 'The suggestion is made' that episodic memory produces frequency attenuation; hedged. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. episodic effect —part-of→ repetition effects episodic effect repetition effects strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: THE COMPONENT STRUCTURE, AND 'part-of' IS EXACTLY RIGHT FOR ONCE. The quote says repetition effects CONSIST OF two components and names both with their frequency signatures. The episodic half is the one masking removes. I first ran this from 'episodic trace' at weight 0.9, discounting for the fact that the quote says 'episodic EFFECT' - and the guard refused it. The right answer was a second node, not a lower weight. 'episodic trace' is what is STORED and masking removes; 'episodic effect' is what is MEASURED and frequency modulates. The paper uses both for this half and never says they are the same. A WEIGHT CANNOT EXPRESS A TERM MISMATCH; A NODE CAN. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. hypothesis-testing hypothesis-testing about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mean mean about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. p-value p-value Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. standard-deviation standard-deviation about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. statistical-significance statistical-significance Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. variance variance about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.10.4.680.