standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| contribution | contribution | what the paper claims to add |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| research question | research_question | the question the paper sets itself |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 1 relation here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | seven equimolar five-component metal diborides, and whether each forms a single high-entropy solid-solution phase Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| research_question | whether high-entropy solid solutions form in a non-cubic layered ceramic, and whether the inherited size-difference criterion predicts which compositions do Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | research_question | the paper's words | |
| contribution | the first crystalline high-entropy non-oxide ceramics, and a size-difference measurand recomputed from lattice constants rather than atomic radii Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | contribution | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | existence Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | entropy stabilisation of a single solid-solution phase against decomposition into separate compounds Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | experiment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: experiment | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | because Gibbs free energy is H minus TS, a phase with large S becomes more stable as temperature rises, so a maximally mixed solid solution can win over separate compounds at high temperature Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: entropy stabilisation | mechanisms[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | the rigid 2D boron net deforms the metal cations toward a strain-free spacing in the basal plane, which compresses the size differences along a and leaves the c-axis free to express them Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | a small size difference is necessary but not essential, and a very small value is not a guarantee of a single high-entropy phase Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | size differences are not the only factors - mixing enthalpy and valence electron concentration may also decide whether a single phase forms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | hardness and oxidation resistance are strongly affected by the porosity and oxide inclusions that this fabrication route introduces Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | whether these materials are good or bad for oxidation resistance has no simple answer, and systematic property investigation is outside this study Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | one of the seven compositions did not form a single phase, and the reason is not settled Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | the Hume-Rothery binary solid-solution size rule, carried from alloy metallurgy into multicomponent ceramics and then re-measured Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | six individual metal diborides fabricated by the identical milling and sintering route, as the comparison group Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a high-entropy advantage produced by the fabrication route rather than by the composition, since the comparison specimens were milled and sintered identically · outcome: held | controls[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | porosity and oxide inclusion held constant between the high-entropy and conventional specimens rather than eliminated Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: hardness and oxidation differences being attributed to composition when microstructure - porosity, oxide inclusions - affects both significantly · outcome: held | controls[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | MoB2 excluded from the rule-of-mixtures average, with the direction of the resulting bias stated Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a rule-of-mixtures baseline inflated by a phase that is not an equilibrium bulk phase at the temperature in question · outcome: held | controls[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | weight-change data outside the two temperature windows where the change exceeds measurement error Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: measurement error masquerading as oxidation - the weights are reported only in the two temperature windows where the change is large enough to exceed it, and not outside them · outcome: absent-declared-unreported | controls[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | HEA Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: HEA | concepts[0] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | configurational entropy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: configurational entropy | concepts[1] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | solid-solution phase Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: solid-solution phase | concepts[2] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | Hume-Rothery Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Hume-Rothery | concepts[3] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | ultra-high temperature ceramics Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ultra-high temperature ceramics | concepts[4] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | entropy-stabilized oxides Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: entropy-stabilized oxides | concepts[5] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | high-entropy metal diborides Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: high-entropy metal diborides | concepts[6] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | boron nets Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: boron nets | concepts[7] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | spark plasma sintering Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: spark plasma sintering | concepts[8] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| senses | HEA = typically five or more elements in equimolar concentration, giving maximum molar configurational entropy RlnN Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | 'high-entropy material' HAS A CONTESTED SCOPE - glasses count only 'in a broad definition', said in parentheses Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | delta <= 4% or 4.3% = a NECESSARY BUT NOT SUFFICIENT criterion, and it is empirical, not derived Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the same delta, recomputed from LATTICE CONSTANTS instead of atomic radii, because no radius represents the real bond lengths Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | 'only one necessary, but not essential, condition' - the authors' own hedge on their replacement Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | delta-c is the discriminating one and delta-a is not, because the boron net constrains the a-axis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[5] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | contradicts → the delta <= 4% size-difference criterion for forming a single-phase high-entropy solid solution Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. note: HEB #7 has delta about 8%, double the stated maximum, and forms a single high-entropy phase anyway - so the criterion fails as a NECESSARY condition, which is the only thing it was ever claimed to be | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | extends → Rost et al.'s entropy-stabilized oxide, the only previously reported crystalline high-entropy ceramic Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. note: extends the class from oxides to borides and from cubic to layered hexagonal | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | configurational entropy —causes→ solid-solution phase Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 0.95 also in: configurational entropy · solid-solution phase | concept_edges[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | the inherited size-difference criterion fails: the specimen with the largest atomic-radius delta still forms a single high-entropy phase Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | delta computed from the c lattice constant separates the six single-phase specimens from the one that failed, where the atomic-radius delta does not Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | a smaller delta-c appears to matter more than a smaller delta-a Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | STEM imaging confirms 2D high-entropy metal layers with no layered segregation along the c-axis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | hardness and oxidation resistance exceed the average of the individual diborides made the same way, with porosity working against them Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | HEA Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: HEA | content_tags.definitions[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | configurational entropy Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: configurational entropy | content_tags.definitions[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | ultra-high temperature ceramics Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ultra-high temperature ceramics | content_tags.definitions[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | five or more elements, equimolar, for maximum configurational entropy — None Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the inherited threshold: delta at most about 4% or 4.3% — None Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | computed delta values of 3.5% to about 8%, with the 8% specimen still forming a single phase — None Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | delta-c 3.9% to 5.2% for the six that worked, 6.2% for the one that did not — None Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | sintered at 2000 degrees C for 5 minutes under 30 MPa — None Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | lattice-spacing standard deviation of about 0.6% of the c parameter — None Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | standard deviations of lattice spacings between basal planes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.statistics[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | hardness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: hardness | content_tags.variables[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | oxidation resistance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: oxidation resistance | content_tags.variables[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.