standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
| transfer | transfers | a method or concept carried in from another field |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 1 relation here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| claim_type | method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | disorders of consciousness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | review Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: review | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The assessment is gated by behaviour, so absence of response is not proof of absence of consciousness. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any bedside diagnosis of unawareness: the authors state the assessment is intrinsically gated by behavioral responsiveness and that absence of observed purposeful behaviors cannot be taken as definitive proof of the absence of consciousness | limitations[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The misdiagnosis rate is given together with the assessment method that produces it. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any quoted misdiagnosis rate for unawareness: up to 40% applies | limitations[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | A named patient group is misdiagnosed despite preserved awareness. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any diagnosis of a disorder of consciousness: locked-in syndrome patients can be misdiagnosed as DOC despite preserved awareness, because of complete paralysis of voluntary muscles except vertical eye movements | limitations[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The neuroimaging paradigm's validity rests on a control study the authors say is still needed. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any use of an active-task neuroimaging paradigm as evidence of willful response: the authors state validation studies should be performed to ensure passive listening cannot elicit a similar brain activity pattern | limitations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| transfers | the normalized Lempel-Ziv complexity measure, originally defined for finite symbol sequences, is computed on TMS-evoked EEG spatiotemporal response maps to yield the perturbational complexity index Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | transfers[0] | the tagger's words | |
| controls | a separate experiment run on the same task Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: reflexive activation as the source of the response, and so establishes the task's specificity to conscious responses · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| controls | comparing active against passive conditions, and runs attending to the patient's own name against runs attending to another name Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a nonreflexive response being mistaken for command-following, and a nonspecific response being mistaken for a targeted one · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[1] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| controls | instructing subjects NOT to perform the task and recording what happens Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: activation that would have occurred without any intention to comply - the response is absent when compliance is withheld · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | behavioral responsiveness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: behavioral responsiveness | concepts[0] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | purposeful behaviors Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: purposeful behaviors | concepts[1] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | Misdiagnosis of unawareness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Misdiagnosis of unawareness | concepts[2] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | clinical consensus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: clinical consensus | concepts[3] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | locked-in syndrome Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: locked-in syndrome | concepts[4] | the paper's words | |
| senses | bedside consciousness - WHAT THE PATIENT CAN SHOW, NOT WHAT THEY HAVE: the assessment is intrinsically gated by behavioral responsiveness, and the same reading is returned by a patient who is unconscious and by one who is conscious and unable to demonstrate it, which the review states cannot be treated as proof either way Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the 40% misdiagnosis rate - CONDITIONAL ON THE INSTRUMENT: it applies to diagnosis based solely on clinical consensus without appropriate behavioral scales, so the number measures a practice rather than a difficulty, and the practice is nameable and fixable Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the active-task paradigm - VALID ONLY IF A CONTROL HOLDS THAT HAS NOT BEEN RUN: its status as evidence of willful response depends on passive listening not producing a similar pattern, and the authors say validation studies should be performed to establish that Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | qualifies → Ferreira (2007), Manning (2012) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: WHO IS APPLYING THE CATEGORY. The law is stated as turning on the label - 'the right of the medical team to withdraw artificial nutrition and hydration from patients in VS/UWS, but not those in MCS' - and then: 'Opinions on these end-of-life decisions vary, however, depending not only on the diagnosis of the patient, Quotation withheld'. So the same category, on the same patient, does not determine the same decision | claim_relations[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | contradicts → the assumption that locked-in patients have poor quality of life Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: WHO IS ASKED. The quality-of-life question 'is difficult to address in the absence of communication with the patient' - and where communication IS possible the answer inverts: 'it is striking to note, however, that Quotation withheld'. The inference drawn from outside about a state is contradicted by the only group in that state who can answer | claim_relations[1] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | builds-on → Schnakers et al. (2009) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. differs in: WHICH INSTRUMENT PRODUCED THE DIAGNOSIS. The 40% figure is not a property of the patients: misdiagnosis is that frequent 'Quotation withheld', and the review names the scale that does better in the next sentence. Quoted without its condition, the number describes the population rather than the procedure | claim_relations[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | clinical consensus —causes→ Misdiagnosis of unawareness Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. holds when: when diagnosis rests on clinical consensus alone, without · direction on the measure: increases · strength of the relation: 1 also in: clinical consensus · Misdiagnosis of unawareness | concept_edges[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Unawareness is misdiagnosed in up to 40% of cases when clinicians rely on consensus impression instead of a standardised behavioural scale. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Only about one in five patients with disorders of consciousness produces a positive response on active command-following neuroimaging paradigms. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | A negative result on an active paradigm can never exclude that the patient retains awareness. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The perturbational complexity index separates conscious from unconscious states across subjects and conditions, staying above 0.31 in wakefulness, MCS, EMCS, LIS and REM sleep and below 0.31 in NREM sleep, vegetative state and anaesthesia. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | No conventional neuroimaging technique on its own is adequate to diagnose consciousness in a brain-damaged patient. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Preserved PET metabolism cannot serve as proof of consciousness, since metabolism can be normal or raised during epileptic seizures in which the subject is unconscious. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | In NREM sleep, midazolam anaesthesia and vegetative state, TMS triggers a stereotypical local slow wave, indicating a breakdown of effective connectivity. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Neuroimaging and electrophysiology show consistent group differences between MCS and VS/UWS patients. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | About 20% of VS/UWS patients show an atypical brain activity pattern. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The contents of consciousness in MCS remain inaccessible because these patients cannot give the reports on which content assessment normally depends. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | unresponsive wakefulness syndrome Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: unresponsive wakefulness syndrome | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | minimally conscious state (MCS) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: minimally conscious state (MCS) | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | disorders of consciousness (DOC) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: disorders of consciousness (DOC) | content_tags.definitions[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | locked-in syndrome (LIS) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: locked-in syndrome (LIS) | content_tags.definitions[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | active paradigm Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: active paradigm | content_tags.definitions[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | passive paradigm Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: passive paradigm | content_tags.definitions[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) | content_tags.definitions[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | default mode network (DMN) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: default mode network (DMN) | content_tags.definitions[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | coma Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: coma | content_tags.definitions[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | perturbational complexity index (PCI) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.definitions[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | mismatch negativity (MMN) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: mismatch negativity (MMN) | content_tags.definitions[10] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.definitions[11] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | positron emission tomography (PET) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: positron emission tomography (PET) | content_tags.definitions[12] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | up to 40% — rate of misdiagnosed unawareness when standardised behavioural scales are not used Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | about 20% — share of DOC patients who respond positively to active command-following paradigms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0.31 — PCI threshold separating conscious from unconscious states Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 0.44 and 0.67 / 0.12 and 0.31 — observed PCI ranges in wakefulness versus in NREM sleep and anaesthesia Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | about 20% — share of behaviourally vegetative patients showing an atypical brain activity pattern Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 30 s — duration of each imagery block alternated with rest in the tennis imagery fMRI paradigm Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 7 / 3 of 10 — authors' experience of how many bedside-diagnosed VS/UWS patients show the classical hypometabolic PET pattern versus preserved metabolism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | >6 — CRS-R total score on admission that acts as a favourable prognostic factor Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | minimum 5 times — number of repeated CRS-R assessments the authors recommend before a final diagnosis Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[8] | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.