Attitudinal effects of mere exposure: A replication and extension

Attitudinal effects of mere exposure: A replication and extension Janisse, Michel Pierre

Tag layer of the DHSS Meta-Tagging Project. The article text is reproduced from the staged copy named in sourceDesc and is not altered; the tags are held separately in standOff so that overlapping and nested spans are preserved.

Attitudinal effects of mere exposure: A replication and extension 1970 Psychonomic Science 10.3758/bf03337428 janisse1970-attitudinal-effects janisse1970-attitudinal-effects.txt, the project's staged copy 7ab6c47a47ee7dc73fd0f03bfc161238f126e87f reference-only social-psychology

the paper's own words

the tag layer; a sentence written by the tagger about the paper, always anchored to a quotation but not itself a quotation

0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them existence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. exposure-frequency effect (mere exposure) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. behavioural-experiment behavioural-experiment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Removing one input channel lowers the subject's familiarity with the stimulus, which depresses the rated goodness of its meaning Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Each of the three input sources (seeing, hearing E, hearing oneself) counts as an exposure, so deleting one cuts effective exposure frequency by a third and should weaken enhancement Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Far fewer participants were available than in the original studies, one sixth as many per condition. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Two of the twelve stimulus words failed to show the effect, which the author attributes to too few subjects. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The replication/experimental condition difference did not reach accepted significance levels, again attributed to sample size. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the presentation order of the stimulus words randomised separately for each subject eliminates: order effects and carry-over between ratings - a fixed order would make position and word inseparable · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. replicates → Zajonc (1968) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → Zajonc (1968) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ANOVA ANOVA Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. t-test t-test Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mean mean Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. p-value p-value Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Rated goodness-of-meaning rose reliably with the number of prior exposures in both the replication and the reduced-input condition, while the difference between the two conditions itself only approached significance. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Collapsing across items, nonsense words seen at high frequencies were rated significantly better in meaning than those seen at low frequencies. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The effect held at the item level for 10 of the 12 nonsense words, which were rated better at high than at low exposure frequencies. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Deleting the experimenter's pronunciation did not abolish the mere-exposure effect, showing it can be obtained from nonsense words with one aural input source removed, though overall ratings sat lower on the scale. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Item-by-item, nine of twelve words were rated higher in the full-input replication condition than in the reduced-input condition, a difference that only approached conventional significance. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. exposure frequency exposure frequency Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. order of presentation order of presentation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. F = 2.72, df = 5/110, p< .025 — Analysis-of-variance test of the exposure-frequency effect on rated goodness Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. t = 3.34, df= 286, p< .005 — t-test comparing ratings of high-frequency versus low-frequency words Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. less than .002 — Probability by chance that 10 or more of the 12 words would be rated better at high frequency Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. p< .073 — Significance level of the item-level advantage of the replication over the experimental condition Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Twenty-four — Number of participants (female registered nurses) in the experiment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 12 per eondition — Subjects per condition, which the author says is one-sixth of Zajonc's sample size and a likely cause of the weak effects Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03337428.