Mathematical Representation and Quotation withheld

Mathematical Representation and Quotation withheld Asha K. Jitendra et al.

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Mathematical Representation and Quotation withheld 2016 Exceptional Children 10.1177/0014402915625062 jitendra2016-math jitendra2016-math.txt, the project's staged copy 40c18323c9648a32d27aac15d28406f5938ed1bf personal-copy education

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them method Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mathematical problem representation instruction Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. systematic-review systematic-review Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. some methodological quality components were unmet across the reviewed studies, to be addressed by future research what this limits: the strength of the review's conclusions: FUTURE RESEARCHERS [must] ADDRESS THE COMPONENTS THAT DID NOT MEET THE MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS OR WERE FREQUENTLY UNMET Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Representations were bundled into multicomponent interventions, so their independent contribution cannot be isolated. what this limits: any claim about representations specifically: THE MAJORITY OF STUDIES INCLUDED REPRESENTATIONS AS PART OF MULTICOMPONENT INTERVENTIONS, MAKING IT DIFFICULT TO DETERMINE THE INFLUENCE OF REPRESENTATIONS Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Which intervention element drove the outcomes is unknown because elements varied across studies. what this limits: any attribution of the outcome to a particular element: IT IS NOT CLEAR WHICH ELEMENT OR COMBINATION OF ELEMENTS WAS RELATED TO THE OUTCOME Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The conditions under which the practice works were not established. what this limits: any implementation guidance: THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THE PRACTICE OF REPRESENTING PROBLEMS IS EFFECTIVE WAS ALSO NOT CLEAR Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. schema-based instruction and mathematical representations grounded in cognitive-load theory, applied to teaching students with learning difficulties Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. a fixed 25th-percentile cutoff for at-risk status, with studies using a higher cutoff excluded and mixed samples required to disaggregate or be majority LD/at-risk eliminates: that the pooled effect is diluted by studies counting higher-attaining children as at risk - the cutoff is fixed to the published convention rather than to what each study chose · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. quality indicators quality indicators Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. evidence-based practices evidence-based practices Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. representation representation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. A LITERATURE GRADED AGAINST A PUBLISHED CHECKLIST, AND THE ATTRITION IS ITEMISED RATHER THAN SCORED. 25 studies reviewed; `Thirteen of the 25 studies provided strong evidence of rigorous research across the four categories of the essential QIs`; and `Quotation withheld.` **25 to 13 to 8**, with each drop attributable to a named criterion rather than to a composite score. That is the `tool must be checkable` principle applied to a whole field: external criteria, per-criterion grading, failures named Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND THE MISSING INDICATORS ARE NAMED ONE BY ONE, WHICH IS WHAT MAKES THE REVIEW ACTIONABLE: one study `failed to provide sufficient information on teachers delivering the intervention`; of the eight high-quality studies `only five ... also documented that data collectors were blind to conditions`; only one `provided information on the quality of implementation`; and `Quotation withheld` - a zero across all 25. A reviewer reading this knows exactly what the next study should add, which a quality SCORE would not have told them Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE VERDICT IS EXPLICITLY RELATIVE TO ITS CRITERIA: `Quotation withheld.` The qualifier is inside the claim. `Evidence-based` is not asserted as a property of the practice but as the output of a named, published standard - so a reader who rejects the standard knows exactly what they are rejecting, and a different standard could give a different answer without either party being wrong about the studies Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Gersten et al. (2005) evidence-based-practice criteria Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Gersten et al. (2005) quality indicators for group research Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. replicates → Gersten, Beckmann et al. (2009); Gersten, Chard et al. (2009) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 0.46 — effect size for teacher and student use of visual representations Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Use of visual representations yielded an effect size of 0.46 for teachers and students. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mathematics achievement mathematics achievement Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. learning disabilities learning disabilities Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mathematics difficulties mathematics difficulties Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. confidence-interval confidence-interval about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. effect-size effect-size about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mean mean about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. sample-size sample-size about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. standard-deviation standard-deviation about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. standard-error standard-error about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. statistical-significance statistical-significance about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1177/0014402915625062.