The Conceptual Definition of Sarcopenia: Delphi Consensus from the Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS)

Ben Kirk, Peggy M. Cawthon, Hidenori Arai, José Alberto Ávila‐Funes, Rocco Barazzoni, Shalender Bhasin, Ellen F. Binder, Olivier Bruyère, Tommy Cederholm, Liang‐Kung Chen, Cyrus Cooper, Gustavo Duque, Roger A. Fielding, Jack M. Guralnik, Douglas P. Kiel, Francesco Landi, Jean‐Yves Reginster, Avan Aihie Sayer, Marjolein Visser, Stephan von Haehling, Jean Woo, Alfonso J. Cruz‐Jentoft, The Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS) group, Alberto Frisoli Júnior, Andrea B. Maier, Anne B. Newman, Anton De Spiegeleer, Antoneta Granic, Antonio Cherubini, Assim M. AlAbdulKader, Charlotte Beaudart, Brian C. Clark, Todd T. Brown, Carla M. Prado, Carolyn Greig, Chang Won Won, Charlotte Suetta, Chih‐Kuang Liang, Christopher Hurst, Daniel Rooks, David G. Le Couteur, David Scott, Debra L. Waters, Dolores Sánchez‐Rodríguez, Esmee M. Reijnierse, Eva Topinková, Fanny Petermann‐Rocha, Finbarr C. Martin, Gülistan Bahat, Haya F. Alhmly, Iván Aprahamian, Jae‐Young Lim, Jean‐Pierre Michel, Jesse Zanker, John A. Batsis, John А. Kanis, Joshua R. Lewis, Juergen Bauer, Julie A. Pasco, Justin Keogh, Kaisu Pitkälä, Ken Madden, Kenji Toba, Kristina Norman, L. Schaap, Lin Kang, Li‐Ning Peng, Lisa K. Micklesfield, C.P.G.M. de Groot, Lorenzo M. Donini, Marc Sim, Marı́a Cristina González, Marie-Josiane Ntsama Essomba, Masafumi Kuzuya, Mathis Grossmann, Matteo Cesari, Michael Tieland, Miles D. Witham, Ming-Yueh Chou, Minoru Yamada, Miranda D. Grounds, Pedro Abizanda Soler, Qian‐Li Xue, Rachel Cooper, Rainer Wirth, Renuka Visvanathan, Reshma Aziz Merchant, René Rizzoli, Robin M. Daly, Sebastiana Kalula, Siân Robinson, Stany Perkisas, S. Schneider, Steven B. Heymsfield, Steven Phu, Stuart M. Phillips, Sun Young Kim, Suzette L. Pereira, Thomas E. Gill, Tomasz Grodzicki, Tomasz Kostka, Tung‐Wai Auyeung, Wee Shiong Lim, Wei‐Ju Lee, Yasmin Algindan, Yosuke Yamada, Yunhwan Lee, Yves Boirie‌, Yvette C. Luiking · Age and Ageing · 2024 · medicine · 10.1093/ageing/afae052 · record kirk2024-the-conceptual-definition-of-sarco
tag layer · index · concepts · authors · עברית
Where this record's text came from. 2026-08-23 and 2026-08-26 schema-0.3 passes: every quote verified as an exact substring of the staged text and anchored at merge time; concept terms verified present; every edge endpoint an existing node. Update, 15 September 2026: EXCEPTION, measured with the merge gate's own predicate (Paper.locate): 1 quote(s) on this record are not found as one exact string in the current staged text - alternatives.phenomenon[0].evidence. The sentence above does not hold for them as written. Where a row records why - the quote is grounded in another copy of the paper, joins two passages with an ellipsis, or differs from the staged text by extraction noise - that note stays on the row. Update, 16 September 2026: EXCEPTION TO THE DATED PASS ABOVE, on this record only: this record carries 1 composite quote field - a quote assembled from two or more passages joined by an ellipsis. A COMPOSITE IS NOT AN EXACT CONTIGUOUS SUBSTRING of the staged text and is deliberately not anchored: each of its parts is verified separately at the offsets in evidence composite spans, and a part occurring more than once carries span null rather than a guessed offset. So the 'every quote verified as an exact substring' clause of the dated pass above DOES NOT HOLD for those fields, and never did - the parts were verified, the whole was not. Nothing is deleted, re-grounded or withdrawn: this writes down an exception that was always true of composites and had not been recorded, so a reader was told more than the pass had checked.
14 quotations on this page contain a reference number where the paper printed a superscript. This journal style prints citations as raised numerals — parameters12,13 — and the extraction flattened them into the line, so the sentence reads parameters 12 , 13 . The digits are citation markers and not part of what the author wrote. The quotes keep them for the same reason they keep every other extraction fault: a quote is reproduced exactly or it proves nothing.
How to read this page. The article itself is not reproduced here — this paper is not cleared for redistribution, so what follows is the tag layer alone. The evidence sentences are withheld with the article. The table at the foot lists every tag the record carries; each row names the facet it belongs to, and the whose words column says whether the tag records the paper's own wording or the tagger's sentence about the paper. Every tag links to each other paper in the corpus carrying it. The machine-readable edition of the same thing is the TEI file beside this one, where the tags live in standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
Other fields define these differently the same word, defined another way in another discipline
gold standard 4 fields

Tags on this paper

Every tag the record carries, each linking to every other paper in the corpus that carries it. A tag appears here whether or not its words occur in the article — the spans below are only the ones a sentence in this paper licenses. Of the 8 concept tags on this paper, all 8 are grounded in a quoted sentence. All carry the tagger's gloss of what the term means in this paper, which is not something the article can license.
sarcopenia impaired physical performance muscle-specific strength muscle mass lean mass Delphi gold standard conceptual definition muscle strength percentage agreement expert-consensus
Method, as described: two-round modified Delphi: an 11-point Likert scale, agreement counted as the share scoring 7 or more, thresholds pre-specified at <70% / 70-80% / >80%, moderate statements reintroduced until consensus

Legend

second readingalternativesan independent re-reading of a facet, recorded whether or not it agrees
relation to other workclaim_relationshow this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies
claim typeclaim_typethe shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null
concept edgeconcept_edgesan asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it
conceptconceptsan idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it
content tagcontent_tagsa finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper
contributioncontributionwhat the paper claims to add
controlcontrolsan experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation
limitationlimitationswhat the paper says its evidence cannot support
mechanismmechanismshow the reported effect is said to come about
methodmethodhow the paper produced its evidence
object of studyobject_of_studywhat the paper is about — the thing it investigates
phenomenonphenomenonthe effect or regularity under study
research questionresearch_questionthe question the paper sets itself
sensesensesa distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it

The paper

The full text is not reproduced here. This article is not cleared for redistribution, so the page carries the tag layer only. Its evidence sentences are withheld; the grounding status remains with each tag, and the article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afae052. The reading view exists for the papers whose licence permits it.

Every tag on this page

alternatives 2 · claim_relations 2 · claim_type 1 · concept_edges 3 · concepts 8 · content_tags 16 · contribution 1 · controls 3 · limitations 4 · mechanisms 12 · method 1 · object_of_study 1 · phenomenon 1 · research_question 1 · senses 6

Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; 3 of 3 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.

facettagfieldconf.whose words
object_of_studyA DEFINITION DECIDED BY VOTE, WITH EVERY VOTE PUBLISHED - 107 experts from 29 countries ranking statements about what sarcopenia IS, under a pre-specified agreement threshold, to harmonise six competing definitions into one
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object_of_studythe paper's words
research_questionwhich elements belong in the CONCEPT of sarcopenia, decided before and separately from how any of them would be measured
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research_questionthe paper's words
contributionthe first global CONCEPTUAL definition of sarcopenia - reduced muscle mass and muscle strength, plus muscle-specific strength, with physical performance placed outside the definition as an outcome and severity excluded entirely
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contributionthe paper's words
claim_typemethod
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claim_typethe paper's words
phenomenona construct whose membership is settled by percentage agreement among named experts, and whose boundary therefore sits at a threshold somebody chose
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phenomenonthe paper's words
methodexpert-consensus
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methodthe paper's words
mechanismsTHE ELEMENT THAT MOVED FROM BEING PART OF THE THING TO BEING CAUSED BY IT: `impaired physical performance was accepted as an `OUTCOME` (Sarcopenia increases the risk of impaired physical performance (97.9%)) rather than a `COMPONENT` of sarcopenia (Physical performance should be part of the conceptual definition of sarcopenia (79.4%))`. In EWGSOP 2010 - paper 64 in this corpus - LOW PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IS CRITERION 3, a diagnostic component. Fourteen years later the same element is a consequence. One relation, two of this corpus's edge types, and the vote that moved it is printed to one decimal place
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mechanisms[0]0.95the tagger's words
mechanismsAND THE THRESHOLD IS PRE-SPECIFIED, SO THE BOUNDARY OF THE CONCEPT IS A NUMBER SOMEBODY CHOSE: `low agreement (<70% respondents scoring >=7), moderate agreement (70 to 80%) or strong agreement (>80%). Statements with strong agreement were accepted, and statements with low agreement were REJECTED. Statements with moderate agreement were REINTRODUCED in the subsequent round until consensus was reached.` Muscle-specific strength entered at 80.8%; physical performance was excluded at 79.8%. ONE PERCENTAGE POINT OF A 107-PERSON SURVEY DECIDES WHAT THE DISEASE IS
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mechanisms[1]0.95the tagger's words
mechanismsAND THE PAPER SAYS THE MARGIN OUT LOUD: `The overall support for inclusion of specific strength ... was only slightly higher than our threshold for agreement - 80.8% supported its inclusion when the threshold is 80%, and this statement did not meet the threshold in the first round.` A component of the definition admitted by eight tenths of a point, on a second attempt, and the authors flag it as something the operational phase may undo
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mechanisms[2]0.95the tagger's words
mechanismsAND ONE STATEMENT WAS REJECTED BECAUSE A DIFFERENT ONE FAILED: `Statement 5 `The conceptual definition of sarcopenia should include LEVELS OF SEVERITY` was rejected with an agreement of 77.0% ... AS STATEMENT 5 did not meet the acceptance threshold (>80%), THE REMAINING FOUR STATEMENTS RELATING TO `MARKERS OF THE SEVERITY OF SARCOPENIA` were rejected.` The vote that removed them is not a vote about them
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mechanisms[3]0.95the tagger's words
mechanismsAND ONE OF THE FOUR HAD PASSED: `Physical performance should be A MARKER OF SEVERITY for the conceptual definition of sarcopenia. AGREEMENT: 81.9% (mean score: 7.6 +/- 2.4; answered = 93, skipped = 14).` Above the 80% threshold, and rejected anyway, because the statement it depended on scored 77.0%. A dependency between statements that the threshold rule does not model
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mechanisms[4]0.95the tagger's words
mechanismsAND THE INSTRUMENT WAS DELIBERATELY REMOVED FROM THE QUESTION: `Quotation withheld` A consensus body explicitly preventing the apparatus from shaping the concept - the inverse of leslie2022, where a construct is bounded by a filter pore. And they knew it had been happening
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mechanisms[5]0.95the tagger's words
mechanismsBECAUSE THE EARLIER DISAGREEMENTS WERE PARTLY ABOUT INSTRUMENTS AND PARTLY ABOUT WORDS: `some of the differences in previous definitions were related to disagreements on whether muscle mass should be included in the definition partly due to measurement issues of available techniques ..., whether physical function should be considered as part of the definition or as an outcome, and around the concept of muscle quality. In addition, some terms were not well defined in the literature ... the term `SARCOPENIA` had been used to refer to low muscle mass alone in some studies. For this reason, the first product of the GLIS initiative was A GLOSSARY OF TERMS.` A working group whose first output is a vocabulary, because the vocabulary was the obstacle
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mechanisms[6]0.95the tagger's words
mechanismsAND THE 2010 ADMINISTRATIVE GAP IS HALF CLOSED, IN THE OTHER ORDER: `Sarcopenia also lacks a global and widely accepted definition that can be routinely used in clinical settings, even though an ICD10-CM code for this condition exists.` cruz-jentoft2010 listed the missing ICD-9 code beside the missing definition. THE CODE ARRIVED FIRST - in one national modification, not in the classification itself
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mechanisms[7]0.95the tagger's words
mechanismsAND THE STANDARDS BODY TOLD THEM WHAT WOULD CLOSE THE REST: `The WHO was also contacted, and we were informed that a global definition would facilitate inclusion of sarcopenia in the International Classification of Diseases (at present it is only included in the Clinical Modification version of ICD).` The definition is being written partly IN ORDER TO obtain a code - the vocabulary and its administrative slot pulling on each other, stated by both parties
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mechanisms[8]0.95the tagger's words
mechanismsTHE REASON TO AGREE ON A WORD IS ADMINISTRATIVE RECOGNITION: `the World Health Organization (WHO) has yet to include an ICD-10 code for sarcopenia ... A GLOBAL DEFINITION of sarcopenia would ease the adoption of an ICD-10 CODE by WHO, which, in turn, would increase clinical recognition of this condition worldwide.` The chain runs definition -> code -> recognition, and the paper states it in that order.
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mechanisms[9]0.95the tagger's words
mechanismsAND CONCEPTUAL AGREEMENT IS SEQUENCED BEFORE OPERATIONAL AGREEMENT, DELIBERATELY: `Quotation withheld.` Every other chain in this corpus revises criteria and thresholds together; this one splits meaning from measurement and does meaning first.
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mechanisms[10]0.95the tagger's words
mechanismsSIX DEFINITIONS AND THE REPAIR IS A SEVENTH BODY: `Several groups have proposed definitions of sarcopenia, including the AWGS, the ANZSSFR, the EWGSOP that issued guidelines in 2010 that were REVISED IN 2019; the FNIH Sarcopenia Project, the IWGS and the SDOC`. The response to six competing committees is to convene a global one - the same move ISAPP made for `prebiotic` after five definitions.
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mechanisms[11]0.9the tagger's words
limitationsTHE ACCEPTED COMPONENTS OVERLAP AND THE PAPER SAYS SO: `Quotation withheld` Muscle-specific strength is strength standardised to size, so voting all three in may have voted the same two in twice - a defect in the definition discovered after the vote that produced it
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limitations[0]0.95the tagger's words
limitationsAND THE PROXY THE OPERATIONAL DEFINITION WILL HAVE TO USE IS DISPUTED: `the SDOC found that Quotation withheld, and its associations with sarcopenia-related outcomes (mortality, fractures, falls, disability) are weak or inconsistent.` The concept was defined with the instrument assumed perfect; the instrument is neither perfect nor agreed
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limitations[1]0.95the tagger's words
limitationsand the conceptual definition is explicitly NOT usable yet: `The next phase of GLIS will include the OPERATIONALIZATION of the newly developed conceptual definition` - so the paper defines the condition and defers every cut-off point, which is the exact reverse of cruz-jentoft2010, whose Table 5 is nothing but cut-off points
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limitations[2]0.95the tagger's words
limitationsand a 52% response rate with a European majority: `The GLIS included reasonable representation of men and women, and geography, although most of the respondents were from Europe. The total response rate of GLIS was 52% ... which could have been higher. Nevertheless, we retained 100% (107/107) of participants through both rounds`. Both conceded in the strengths paragraph
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limitations[3]0.95the tagger's words
controlsinstructing the experts to ASSUME PERFECT, FEASIBLE ASSESSMENTS of each listed measure existed
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eliminates: answers skewed by which measurements happen to be accurate or available - the apparatus deciding the concept · outcome: held
controls[0]0.95the tagger's words
controlspre-specifying the agreement thresholds (<70% / 70-80% / >80%) before the survey ran
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eliminates: a threshold chosen after the votes were seen · outcome: held
controls[1]0.95the tagger's words
controlsa glossary of sarcopenia terms published BEFORE the Delphi statements were voted on
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
eliminates: experts agreeing on a statement while meaning different things by its words - 'many different definitions of muscle quality were used in previous studies' · outcome: partial
controls[2]0.95the tagger's words
conceptssarcopenia
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
also in: sarcopenia
concepts[0]0.95the paper's words
conceptsimpaired physical performance
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
concepts[1]0.95the paper's words
conceptsmuscle-specific strength
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
concepts[2]0.95the paper's words
conceptsmuscle mass
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
also in: muscle mass
concepts[3]0.95the paper's words
conceptslean mass
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
also in: lean mass
concepts[4]0.95the paper's words
conceptsDelphi
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also in: Delphi
concepts[5]0.95the paper's words
conceptsgold standard
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also in: gold standard
concepts[6]0.95the paper's words
conceptsconceptual definition
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concepts[7]0.95the paper's words
senses`sarcopenia` (GLIS 2024, CONCEPTUAL) - `the concurrent combination of reduced muscle mass and muscle strength`, plus muscle-specific strength; a generalised disease of skeletal muscle, potentially reversible, the same in clinic and research, and NOT varying by setting, age or condition
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senses[0]0.95the tagger's words
senses`physical performance` - IN the 2010 definition as diagnostic criterion 3, OUT of the 2024 one at 79.4%, and readmitted as an OUTCOME at 97.9%
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senses[1]0.95the tagger's words
senses`muscle-specific strength` - `strength standardised to muscle size`; admitted to the definition at 80.8% against an 80% threshold, having failed round 1
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senses[2]0.95the tagger's words
senses`conceptual definition` vs `operational definition` - GLIS separates them ON PURPOSE and produces only the first, deferring every measure and cut-off point to a later phase
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senses[3]0.95the tagger's words
senses`sarcopenia` - SIX RIVAL DEFINITIONS, EACH WITH AN INSTITUTIONAL OWNER, ENUMERATED IN ONE PARAGRAPH: AWGS, ANZSSFR, EWGSOP (2010, revised 2019), the FNIH Sarcopenia Project, IWGS, and SDOC. Not a term with two senses - a term with six committees.
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senses[4]0.95the tagger's words
senses`gold standard` - A THING TO BE BUILT, NOT FOUND: GLIS was formed `in an attempt to harmonise these competing definitions into one unifying common classification that would be used as the gold standard`. In lotvall2014 the gold standard is DENIED to exist; in doyle2019 it is AWARDED to an incumbent; here it is a DELIVERABLE.
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senses[5]0.95the tagger's words
alternativesclaim_type: method
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a second reading reaching the same value. Recorded: method — note: A BLIND second reading by the project on 2026-08-25: the record's own claim type/method/phenomenon were not looked at until every value here was written and substring-verified. Not applied - a person decides. Sampling frame: the 504 staged records carrying no alternatives block, so this never re-measures the 202. All 11 records with 130+ tags were taken as a census and 19 more spread one per discipline across 22 disciplines - the dense non-neuroscience cell is the one the 202 do not contain (inside them, 94-100% of the densest bands are neuroscience; among these 11, one is).,
alternatives.claim_type0.6the tagger's words
alternativesmethod: delphi-consensus
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a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value. Recorded: expert-consensus — note: A BLIND second reading by the project on 2026-08-25: the record's own claim type/method/phenomenon were not looked at until every value here was written and substring-verified. Not applied - a person decides. Sampling frame: the 504 staged records carrying no alternatives block, so this never re-measures the 202. All 11 records with 130+ tags were taken as a census and 19 more spread one per discipline across 22 disciplines - the dense non-neuroscience cell is the one the 202 do not contain (inside them, 94-100% of the densest bands are neuroscience; among these 11, one is).,
alternatives.method0.9the tagger's words
claim_relationsextends → the six competing regional definitions of sarcopenia - AWGS, ANZSSFR, EWGSOP (2010, revised 2019), FNIH, IWGS and SDOC - which GLIS was formed to harmonise into one classification
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claim_relations[0]0.95the tagger's words
claim_relationscritiques → EWGSOP 2010's inclusion of physical performance as a diagnostic criterion, which this Delphi rejects as a component at 79.4% and readmits as an outcome at 97.9%
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
claim_relations[1]0.95the tagger's words
concept_edgessarcopenia —causes→ impaired physical performance
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the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: THE EDGE THAT REPLACED A part-of. EWGSOP 2010 made low physical performance diagnostic CRITERION 3 - part of the condition. GLIS 2024 puts the same element outside the definition and back in as a consequence: `impaired physical performance was accepted as an `OUTCOME` ... rather than a `COMPONENT` of sarcopenia`. The two readings differ by 18.5 percentage points in one survey of 107 people · the relation stated: accepted as an OUTCOME of sarcopenia at 97.9%, having been rejected as a COMPONENT of it at 79.4% in the same survey
concept_edges[0]0.85the tagger's words
concept_edgesmuscle-specific strength —part-of→ sarcopenia
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: 'WOULD INCLUDE…'. Weight 0.9: the paper's own phrase is 'part of the conceptual DEFINITION of sarcopenia', and this corpus can say that something is part of a THING but not that it is part of a DEFINITION - the same gap cruz-jentoft2010 exposed with 'sarcopenia is one of the elements of the proposed definition for cachexia'. Twice in two records · the relation stated: voted a COMPONENT of the conceptual definition at 80.8%, against a threshold of 80%
concept_edges[1]0.95the tagger's words
concept_edgeslean mass —distinct-from→ muscle mass
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the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: 'SUBSTANTIAL DISAGREEMENT…' The concept was voted on with the instruments assumed perfect; this is the instrument that will actually be used · the relation stated: lean mass is the available proxy and DOES NOT DIRECTLY MEASURE muscle mass
concept_edges[2]0.95the tagger's words
content_tagsimpaired physical performance was accepted as an outcome (97.9%) rather than a component (79.4%) of sarcopenia
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content_tags.findings[0]0.95the tagger's words
content_tagspre-specified thresholds: over 80% agreement accepted, 70-80% reintroduced, under 70% rejected
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content_tags.findings[1]0.95the tagger's words
content_tagsbecause statement 5 missed the 80% threshold (77.0%), the four severity-marker statements were rejected
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content_tags.findings[2]0.95the tagger's words
content_tagsTHE INSTRUMENT WAS DELIBERATELY REMOVED FROM THE QUESTION: `To avoid the issue that answers might be skewed by the accuracy and lack of currently available measurement methods, experts were asked to assume that perfect, feasible assessments of each listed measure existed`
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content_tags.findings[3]0.95the tagger's words
content_tagssarcopenia lacks a widely accepted clinical definition even though an ICD-10-CM code exists
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content_tags.findings[4]0.95the tagger's words
content_tagsAND THE ACCEPTED COMPONENTS MAY COUNT THE SAME THING TWICE: `how to consider these potentially overlapping components, where muscle mass and strength may be the same components included in the specific strength measure`
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content_tags.findings[5]0.95the tagger's words
content_tags`the concurrent combination of reduced muscle mass and muscle strength` ... `a generalised disease of skeletal muscle` ... `should not vary by setting of care, age or condition, or use (clinic vs. research)` ... `a potentially reversible disease`
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also in: sarcopenia
content_tags.definitions[0]0.95the tagger's words
content_tags`strength standardised to muscle size` - `an attempt to blend measurements of muscle mass and strength in a single component`, admitted at 80.8%
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.definitions[1]0.95the tagger's words
content_tagsbelow the pre-specified 80% threshold, so physical performance is not part of the condition
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.quantities[0]0.95the tagger's words
content_tagsthe same element, the same survey, as a consequence instead of a part
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.quantities[1]0.95the tagger's words
content_tags`only slightly higher than our threshold for agreement ... and this statement did not meet the threshold in the first round`
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.quantities[2]0.95the tagger's words
content_tags`AS STATEMENT 5 did not meet the acceptance threshold (>80%), THE REMAINING FOUR (50%) STATEMENTS RELATING TO MARKERS OF THE SEVERITY OF SARCOPENIA WERE REJECTED`
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.quantities[3]0.95the tagger's words
content_tagsrejected because its parent statement scored 77.0% - the vote that removed it is not a vote about it
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
value source note: THE VALUE DRAWS ON THE PAPER BEYOND THIS QUOTE: the 80% threshold is set in the methods ('strong agreement (>80%)'), not in this quote, and so is the reason the statement was still rejected.
content_tags.quantities[4]0.95the tagger's words
content_tags`although most of the respondents were from Europe`
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.quantities[5]0.95the tagger's words
content_tagsthe share of respondents scoring 7 or more on an 11-point Likert scale - the statistic that decides membership of the concept
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.statistics[0]0.95the tagger's words
content_tagsaccepted into the conceptual definition at 93.1%, the highest of the three components
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.variables[0]0.95the tagger's words

Interpretive choices

Tags that could not be placed in the text:

What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.

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