standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| contribution | contribution | what the paper claims to add |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| object of study | object_of_study | what the paper is about — the thing it investigates |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| research question | research_question | the question the paper sets itself |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 2 relations here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| object_of_study | extracellular vesicles, and what a study must report before it may attribute a cargo or a function to them rather than to whatever co-isolated with them Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | object_of_study | the paper's words | |
| research_question | what minimal evidence licenses the claim that the material in the tube is EVs, when no method produces a pure EV fraction Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | research_question | the paper's words | |
| contribution | a minimal set of biochemical, biophysical and functional standards, published as an ISEV position statement, together with an explicit admission that the field cannot yet name markers that would distinguish its own subtypes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | contribution | the paper's words | |
| claim_type | method Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | secreted membrane-enclosed vesicles that co-isolate with non-vesicular carriers of the same cargo - protein complexes and lipoproteins Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | expert-consensus Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: expert-consensus | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | extracellular RNA travels in NON-VESICULAR carriers too - AGO2 protein complexes, HDL and LDL - so a functional result attributed to EVs may belong to something else in the same preparation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | polymer precipitation, used by commercial kits, does not isolate EVs exclusively and is LIKELY to co-isolate RNA-protein complexes - the named case of a method whose output does not match its label Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | THE FIELD'S MOST-USED WORD HAS NO AGREED MEANING, SAID IN THE FOUNDING GUIDELINE: `The term “exosomes” is the most commonly used word to designate any type of EV, and this has become a “buzz term” for EV-related science. The ACTUAL MEANING of this word, however, is NOT UNIVERSALLY ACCEPTED`. The word is simultaneously the most frequent and the least agreed. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | AND THE REASON NO MARKER CAN SETTLE IT IS STATED AS IMMATURITY, NOT DIFFICULTY: `the field of EV research has not matured to the point that we can propose a list of EV-specific “markers” that distinguish subsets of EVs from each other`. The categories are in use before anything can tell them apart. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| mechanisms | THE PROTOCOL CHANGES THE OBJECT, STATED IN 2014: `the composition of recovered EVs vary vastly according to the protocols used`. doyle2019 demonstrates the same thing five years later as `different isolation methods ... from the same cell type results in different proteomic profiles`. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | THE FIELD'S MOST-USED WORD HAS NO AGREED MEANING, and its own society says so: `exosomes` is `the most commonly used word to designate any type of EV` and `has become a BUZZ TERM`, whose `actual meaning ... is not universally accepted` Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | THE FIELD CANNOT NAME THE MARKERS ITS OWN CATEGORIES WOULD NEED: it `has not matured to the point that we can propose a list of EV-specific markers` distinguishing EVs budded from the membrane from those of endosomal origin Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | the proteins that were taken for markers are `exosome-ENRICHED` and not `exosome-SPECIFIC` - an enrichment describes a tendency and cannot draw a boundary, which is precisely what the names had been doing with it Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | there is no consensus gold-standard isolation method and therefore no optimal one to prescribe - the document declines to name a method rather than naming a weak one Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | one of the field's terms could not even be COUNTED: `microparticle` was excluded from the term-usage figure because it is massively used for non-vesicles Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | THE DOCUMENT CALLS ITSELF AN EDITORIAL: `the minimal requirements presented in this editorial`. It is cited ever after as the first of a numbered guideline series, a status conferred on it later by its successor rather than claimed here. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | limitations[5] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| controls | investigators are asked to report proteins NOT expected to be enriched in EVs - Table I group 3 - alongside the ones that are, in at least a semi-quantitative manner and for three or more proteins Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: a preparation characterised only by what it was hoped to contain, which cannot reveal co-isolation of other intracellular origins · outcome: absent-declared-unreported | controls[0] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| controls | the EV-containing fluid must be collected gently, limiting cell disruption Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: intracellular vesicles released by mechanical damage being counted as extracellular ones - the document says the term 'EVs' MAY NOT BE APPROPRIATE for material isolated that way · outcome: absent-declared-unreported | controls[1] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| controls | the field's own term usage is counted from PubMed by year, with non-EV senses of 'exosome' and 'microvesicle' manually removed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: an impression about which words the literature uses, replaced by a count - and the count is honest about what it could NOT measure · outcome: partial | controls[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| controls | whether any isolation method yields a pure EV fraction, or whether one can be named as the standard Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: nothing - the document reports that a totally pure fraction is technically challenging to obtain and that there is no consensus gold standard · outcome: failed | controls[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | extracellular vesicles Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: extracellular vesicles | concepts[0] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | exosomes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: exosomes | concepts[1] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | microvesicles Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: microvesicles | concepts[2] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | markers Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: markers | concepts[3] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | lipoproteins Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: lipoproteins | concepts[4] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | gold-standard Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: gold-standard | concepts[5] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | buzz term Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: buzz term | concepts[6] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| concepts | extracellular vesicles Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: extracellular vesicles | concepts[7] | 0.95 | the paper's words |
| senses | extracellular vesicles, 2014 - AS DEFINED HERE BY ENUMERATION, not by property: `exosomes, ectosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, apoptotic bodies and other EV subsets`. The 2023 statement replaces this with three properties (released, bilayer-delimited, non-replicating); THE LIST CAME FIRST AND THE PROPERTY CAME AFTER Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | exosome, 2014 - A BUZZ TERM BY ITS OWN SOCIETY'S ACCOUNT. Used for any EV in practice, defined by endosomal origin in principle, and the isolated material `generally contains a mixture of EVs`. The 2023 statement discourages the word; this one only records that its meaning is not agreed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | `exosome-enriched` versus `exosome-specific` - THE DISTINCTION THE WHOLE PROBLEM TURNS ON, drawn here in 2014. A marker that is merely enriched cannot separate subsets; the field's subtype names had been treating enrichment as though it were specificity Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | the 2014 HOPE - `we hope to eventually be able to provide specific markers and characteristics of EV subtypes`. READ AGAINST MISEV2023, WHICH REPORTS NO UNIVERSAL MARKERS AND DISCOURAGES THE TERMS, this is a field holding a definition open for nine years and then closing it the other way Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | `gold-standard` DENIED, WITH THE CONSEQUENCE DRAWN: `Quotation withheld` The absence of agreement is treated as barring a claim, not merely as an open question. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| senses | A SOCIETY NAMES A CATEGORY AND THE LITERATURE DOES NOT FOLLOW: `the term “extracellular vesicles,” chosen as generic term at creation of ISEV in September 2011, is steadily growing` - while `from 2004 onwards, the term “exosome” has become the most often used`. A dated act of naming, and a measured record of it not taking. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[5] | 0.9 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → commercial EV/exosome isolation kits and polymer precipitation methods, on the ground that they do not isolate EVs exclusively and co-isolate RNA-protein complexes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → the use of 'exosome' as a category label, on the ground that its meaning is not universally accepted and the isolated material is a mixture Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | critiques → attributing a cargo or function to EVs from a preparation that also contains AGO2 complexes and lipoproteins carrying the same extracellular RNA Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | exosomes —is-a→ extracellular vesicles Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: REPLACES the withdrawn 'part-of' edge on the same pair and the same sentence. The relation is class membership: the evidence names a class and lists its members. also in: exosomes · extracellular vesicles | concept_edges[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| concept_edges | microvesicles —is-a→ extracellular vesicles Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 · note: REPLACES the withdrawn 'part-of' edge on the same pair and the same sentence. The relation is class membership: the evidence names a class and lists its members. also in: microvesicles · extracellular vesicles | concept_edges[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | A SOCIETY CALLS ITS FIELD'S MOST-USED WORD A BUZZ TERM. `exosomes` designates any type of EV in practice and its actual meaning is NOT UNIVERSALLY ACCEPTED Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | THE FIELD CANNOT LIST THE MARKERS ITS CATEGORIES WOULD NEED - it `has not matured to the point` where EV-specific markers distinguishing membrane-budded from endosomal EVs can be proposed Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | proteins commonly found in exosome preparations are exosome-enriched, not exosome-specific, since EV subsets share many markers Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | common EV isolation protocols do not fully separate non-vesicular entities from EVs Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the authors hope eventually to provide specific markers and characteristics of EV subtypes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | from 2004 the term `exosome` overtook every alternative in the literature, while `extracellular vesicles` - chosen as the generic term at ISEV's founding in 2011 - was only steadily growing Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | ONE OF THE FIELD'S OWN TERMS COULD NOT BE COUNTED: `microparticle` was excluded from the usage figure because it is massively used to refer to non-vesicles Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | secreted membrane-enclosed vesicles, collectively named - including exosomes, ectosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, apoptotic bodies and other EV subsets. A definition by enumeration Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: extracellular vesicles | content_tags.definitions[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the most commonly used word for any type of EV, whose actual meaning is not universally accepted - called a buzz term by its own society Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: exosomes | content_tags.definitions[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | or more proteins, reported semi-quantitatively, as the minimum characterisation of any EV preparation Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | the year from which `exosome` became the most-used term in the EV literature, against `extracellular vesicles` chosen as the generic term in 2011 Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | semi-quantitative Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: semi-quantitative | content_tags.statistics[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
| content_tags | markers Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: markers | content_tags.variables[0] | 0.95 | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.