Conscious and Unconscious Perception: Experiments on Visual Masking and Word Recognition

Conscious and Unconscious Perception: Experiments on Visual Masking and Word Recognition Anthony J. Marcel

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Conscious and Unconscious Perception: Experiments on Visual Masking and Word Recognition 1983 Cognitive Psychology 10.1016/0010-0285(83)90009-9 marcel1983-masked-priming marcel1983-masked-priming.txt, the project's staged copy e9e5d252239fa8761908b4fdcfe8e836c03fd8ac personal-copy cognitive-psychology

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them existence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. semantic processing of pattern-masked words without awareness Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. behavioural-experiment behavioural-experiment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The null effect of repetition on the semantics of forced guesses may reflect an insensitive measure rather than a real absence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The reported phenomena may depend on unexplored experimental factors, since some replication attempts failed Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Conclusions comparing graphic and semantic judgements rest on an unverified assumption that the two similarity scales are equivalent Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. thirty-six EXTRA pairs used for practice, distributed in the same proportions as the experimental pairs eliminates: that practice on an unrepresentative set biases the strategy subjects bring to the experiment · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ninety practice trials before each experimental session eliminates: that performance early in a session reflects unfamiliarity with the procedure · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. detection detection Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. semantic judgments semantic judgments Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. masking masking Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. iconic memory iconic memory Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Central Masking Central Masking Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Peripheral masking Peripheral masking Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. pattern-masking pattern-masking Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. energy-masking energy-masking Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE ORDERING RESULT, AND IT RUNS THE WRONG WAY FOR THE STANDARD ACCOUNT: `Quotation withheld` The received view was that masking interrupts the icon and that without the icon there is nothing left to analyse for meaning - which predicts semantic judgments failing first, or at latest with the rest. They are the most robust of the three. Three measures, one manipulation, a fixed order, and the order is the argument Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND THE CONTROL IS WHAT MAKES IT A DISSOCIATION RATHER THAN A FAILED MASK: `Quotation withheld` `They could not see it and were primed anyway` invites `then your mask did not work`. Marcel's reply is a second mask that also abolishes awareness and also abolishes the priming - awareness held constant at zero, priming moved from 56 msec to 4. Compare erb2019 and eckstein2007 in this corpus: the same manoeuvre, thirty years later, still being reinvented Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE POSITION BEING OVERTURNED, STATED IN ITS OWN WORDS BEFORE IT IS DISMANTLED: `Quotation withheld` Worth holding as a record of what the field believed in 1983, and worth marking as a view the paper REJECTS - a triple built from this sentence would enter the graph asserting the opposite of the record's finding, which is the fault I dropped an edge for on eckstein2007 this afternoon Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. `Central Masking` / `Peripheral masking` - DISTINGUISHED BY AN ENUMERATION OF PROPERTIES, NOT BY A DEFINITION. `Several characteristics distinguish Peripheral and Central Masking` - then four contrasts run in parallel across the two, and the pair is never given a mechanism. The dichoptic test is the one that separates them cleanly: Central `is possible both monoptically and dichoptically`, Peripheral `cannot be obtained dichoptically`. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. `pattern-masking` / `energy-masking` - TWO PROCEDURES THAT ARE NOT INTERCHANGEABLE, AND THE PAPER USES THE DIFFERENCE TO EXPLAIN A LITERATURE. `Quotation withheld`. The second clause is a NULL RESULT about a method, which is why the edge below is a contrast and not a causal claim. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → Wickens (1972) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → Turvey's (1973) distinction between Peripheral and Central Masking Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. contradicts → Shallice (1972) and Morton (1970, 1979a) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. detection —distinct-from→ semantic judgments detection semantic judgments strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: A DISSOCIATION STATED AS AN ORDERING, WHICH IS STRONGER THAN A DIFFERENCE. Not 'semantic judgments were better' - a fixed sequence in which the three measures fail as one parameter is turned down. Weight 0.95: both endpoints are named as words, the sentence is a result rather than a framing, and the relation asserted is exactly distinctness - if detection and semantic judgment drew on one representation they could not come apart in a repeatable order. This is the rare case where the sentence carrying the mechanism also carries the edge, and it does so because the author chose to state the finding as a list of three named measures. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span gives the order in which judgments fail as SOA is reduced; distinct-from is loose. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Central Masking —distinct-from→ Peripheral masking Central Masking Peripheral masking strength of the relation: 1 · note: 'Several characteristics distinguish' - asserted outright and then itemised four ways, so weight 1.0. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. pattern-masking —contrasted-with→ energy-masking pattern-masking energy-masking strength of the relation: 1 · note: NOT typed 'causes'. The clause about energy-masking is a FAILURE to produce an effect - 'fails to produce unconscious priming effects' - and a null result is not a causal relation. The contrast is what the paper asserts; the null sits in this note where it cannot be read as a mechanism. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ANOVA ANOVA about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. chi-square chi-square Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. false-discovery-rate false-discovery-rate about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. hypothesis-testing hypothesis-testing Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. p-value p-value about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. statistical-significance statistical-significance about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. variance variance about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(83)90009-9.