Repetition Suppression in Monkey Inferotemporal Cortex: Relation to Behavioral Priming

David B. T. McMahon, Carl R. Olson · Journal of Neurophysiology · 2007 · neuroscience · 10.1152/jn.01042.2006 · record mcmahon-olson2007-suppression
tag layer · index · concepts · authors · עברית
Where this record's text came from. faceted 2026-08 by reading the locally held text (pdftext); every evidence string verified as an exact substring of that text before merging. Claim type is null-result because the headline contribution is the absence of the predicted priming-suppression correlation; the paper also contains an existence component (monkeys show repetition priming, previously undemonstrated) and a model-adjudication component (scaling over sharpening), which a single claim type cannot carry. phenomenon was normalised to the physiological side (repetition suppression) because that is what was measured neurally; the behavioural counterpart is defined in the same text as 'Repetition priming is a behavioral phenomenon, widely studied in humans, whereby prior experience with a stimulus leads to faster discrimination on subsequent encounters.' method is tagged electrophysiology, though the study is jointly behavioural (symmetry-decision task) and single-unit; the two were recorded simultaneously. Replication status is untested: the paper reports convergence with prior human fMRI null findings (captured as a claim_relation) but no direct replication of its own monkey result, and it notes a contrasting positive correlation in prefrontal cortex. Many equations and statistics in the extraction are corrupted by '(cid:N)' glyph artifacts, so all quotes were drawn from prose passages free of those artifacts. 2026-08-19 and 2026-08-25 schema-0.3 passes: every quote verified as an exact substring of the staged text and anchored at merge time; concept terms verified present; every edge endpoint an existing node. Update, 15 September 2026: EXCEPTION, measured with the merge gate's own predicate (Paper.locate): 4 quote(s) on this record are not found as one exact string in the current staged text - content_tags.statistics[0].evidence, content_tags.statistics[1].evidence, content_tags.statistics[6].evidence, content_tags.statistics[9].evidence. The sentence above does not hold for them as written. Where a row records why - the quote is grounded in another copy of the paper, joins two passages with an ellipsis, or differs from the staged text by extraction noise - that note stays on the row.
The quality of the text these quotes were cut from. residual-ligature-artifacts: some fi/fl were lost in an earlier cleanup and the source could not be re-fetched cleanly (personal copy / paywalled / corrupt text layer). Text is complete and readable but not pristine; not enriched until re-sourced. [AMENDED 2026-08-23 by the project - the existing note is about a different fault and this record has a second: operator-codes-not-extractable: 0 Highwire operator codes in an internal file (0 distinct, commonest -) - '/H11002' is a minus and '/H11021' is '<'. THE CODE IS FUSED TO THE NUMBER THAT FOLLOWS IT, so 'M /H1100520.3' is 'M = 20.3' and a reader sees a garbage token where the relation was. 26 live quotes, 4 carrying a code - AND EVERY ONE OF THEM IS IN content tags statistics, THE LAYER WHERE THE OPERATOR IS THE CLAIM. Across the three affected records that is 9 hits out of 9.
Some quotes on this page contain (cid:NN). The PDF this text was extracted from encodes 1 character in a way that names no letter, so the extractor could not say what they were. The quotes keep them because a quote is reproduced exactly or it proves nothing — the marks are the source’s, not the tagging’s.
1 quote on this page breaks a word across a line. The PDF this text was extracted from hyphenated a word at the end of a printed line — adversar- ial, repre- sentations — and the extractor kept the hyphen and the space. The quotes keep them because a quote is reproduced exactly or it proves nothing: the break is the typesetter’s, not the author’s. A search of this page will not find the affected words.
3 quotes on this page were cut from a different copy of this article. This project holds two extractions of this paper: the plain text every other quote here is anchored in, and the publisher’s own HTML edition, which we are not licensed to republish. They are verbatim in the second and cannot be found in the first — not because the tagging is wrong, but because the extraction damaged the passage: a page number dropped into the middle of a number, a formula moved out of its sentence, a ligature where two letters belong. The record names the copy for each one. The quote is the paper’s; the extraction is not.
How to read this page. The article itself is not reproduced here — this paper is not cleared for redistribution, so what follows is the tag layer alone. The evidence sentences are withheld with the article. The table at the foot lists every tag the record carries; each row names the facet it belongs to, and the whose words column says whether the tag records the paper's own wording or the tagger's sentence about the paper. Every tag links to each other paper in the corpus carrying it. The machine-readable edition of the same thing is the TEI file beside this one, where the tags live in standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
Other fields define these differently the same word, defined another way in another discipline
false-discovery-rate 6 fields · priming 2 fields · repetition priming 2 fields · linear regression 2 fields · variance 2 fields

Tags on this paper

Every tag the record carries, each linking to every other paper in the corpus that carries it. A tag appears here whether or not its words occur in the article — the spans below are only the ones a sentence in this paper licenses. Of the 8 concept tags on this paper, 4 are grounded in a quoted sentence. 1 carry the tagger's gloss of what the term means in this paper, which is not something the article can license.
priming repetition suppression repetition priming inferotemporal cortex association secondariness modulation stimulus selectivity ANOVA chi-square chi-squared correlation Pearson false-discovery-rate Bonferroni hypothesis-testing mean mean of p-value regression linear regression t-test variance electrophysiology

Legend

relation to other workclaim_relationshow this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies
claim typeclaim_typethe shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null
concept edgeconcept_edgesan asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it
conceptconceptsan idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it
content tagcontent_tagsa finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper
controlcontrolsan experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation
limitationlimitationswhat the paper says its evidence cannot support
methodmethodhow the paper produced its evidence
phenomenonphenomenonthe effect or regularity under study
sensesensesa distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it
transfertransfersa method or concept carried in from another field

The paper

The full text is not reproduced here. This article is not cleared for redistribution, so the page carries the tag layer only. Its evidence sentences are withheld; the grounding status remains with each tag, and the article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.01042.2006. The reading view exists for the papers whose licence permits it.

Every tag on this page

claim_relations 4 · claim_type 1 · concept_edges 1 · concepts 4 · content_tags 7 · controls 2 · limitations 4 · method 1 · phenomenon 1 · senses 3 · transfers 1

Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 1 relation here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.

This record holds no mechanisms. A layer is empty when the tagger recorded nothing in it — which is not the same as the paper having nothing to record.

facettagfieldconf.whose words
claim_typenull-result
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
claim_typethe paper's words
phenomenonrepetition suppression in inferotemporal cortex
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phenomenonthe paper's words
methodelectrophysiology
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methodthe paper's words
limitationsThe correlation analysis had limited power, so a very weak cross-trial correlation between suppression and priming cannot be excluded.
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
limitations[0]the tagger's words
limitationsIndependent noise in firing rates and reaction times could in principle have masked an underlying weak correlation.
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
limitations[1]the tagger's words
limitationsThe design confounds elapsed time with the number of intervening trials, so the effect of time interval per se was not tested.
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
limitations[2]the tagger's words
limitationsThe standard Gaussian tuning-curve method for assessing selectivity change could not be applied to IT neurons, forcing an alternative rank-based analysis.
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
limitations[3]the tagger's words
transfersthe inferential logic of behavioural priming - infer the properties of a representation from how much repeating a stimulus changes the response to it - carried into fMRI as MR adaptation
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
transfers[0]0.85the tagger's words
controlsthe first twelve trials of every session were discarded
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
eliminates: that an early, transient, NON-STIMULUS-SPECIFIC drop in both reaction time and firing rate is counted as a priming effect · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held
controls[0]0.95the tagger's words
controlsresponses to stimuli classified as subthreshold by a signal-detection thresholding filter were excluded
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eliminates: that suppression is measured on responses too weak to be distinguished from noise · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held
controls[1]0.95the tagger's words
conceptsrepetition suppression
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concepts[1]the paper's words
conceptsrepetition priming
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
concepts[2]the paper's words
conceptsinferotemporal cortex
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
concepts[3]the paper's words
conceptsstimulus selectivity
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concepts[7]0.95the paper's words
sensesTHE CONCLUSION IS A NEGATIVE AND IT FITS IN ONE LINE: `Quotation withheld` The neural correlate everyone reaches for is a passenger. Carlesimo2004, merged into this corpus forty minutes ago, reads its rCBF decreases as `the reduced neural activity needed to reprocess recently seen words` - suppression explaining priming, taken as read; and Desimone1996 calls suppression `an intrinsic property of visual cortical areas`. Three records, three positions on whether a reduced response is the mechanism or the companion, and none of them assembled on purpose
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
senses[0]0.95the tagger's words
sensesAND THE ARGUMENT IS TURNED FROM A STATISTICAL QUESTION INTO A MECHANICAL ONE, WHICH IS THE ONLY WAY TO RULE OUT A CO-OCCURRING SIGNAL: `Quotation withheld` Correlation is granted, not contested. The test is whether suppression has the PROPERTIES a cause would need - because a uniform reduction across all neurons degrades the representation, while priming requires it sharpened. A correlate can only be dismissed by asking what it would have to be like
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
senses[1]0.95the tagger's words
sensesTHE DEFINITION IS PURELY PHYSIOLOGICAL AND THAT IS WHY THE PAPER IS POSSIBLE: `Quotation withheld` No meaning, no memory, no behaviour in it. A construct defined without reference to the thing it is supposed to explain can be tested against that thing; one defined as `the neural basis of priming` could not be. Compare Carlesimo2004's repetition priming, defined by what the test INSTRUCTIONS do not mention - also an operational definition, and also load-bearing
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
senses[2]0.85the tagger's words
claim_relationsreplicates → Li et al. 1993; Ringo 1996 (late onset of repetition suppression in IT)
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claim_relations[0]the tagger's words
claim_relationsreplicates → Maccotta and Buckner 2004; Sayres and Grill-Spector 2006; Wig et al. 2005 (no priming-BOLD correlation in ventral stream)
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
claim_relations[1]the tagger's words
claim_relationscontradicts → the sharpening model of repetition suppression (Desimone 1996; Wiggs and Martin 1998)
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claim_relations[2]the tagger's words
claim_relationsbuilds-on → Maljkovic and Nakayama (1994) memory kernel analysis
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
claim_relations[3]the tagger's words
concept_edgesrepetition suppression —distinct-from→ repetition priming
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: 'distinct-from' IS THE CLOSEST THE VOCABULARY GETS AND IT LOSES HALF THE SENTENCE. The paper says two things at once: they ACCOMPANY each other, and one is NOT the cause of the other. The enforced types offer causes / operationalised-as / distinct-from / contrasted-with / part-of / is-a / same-as / renamed-across-fields, and none of them expresses 'co-occurs with but does not cause'. 'distinct-from' carries the negative half - they are not one thing, and the neural measure is not the behavioural mechanism - and drops the positive half, which is that the correlation is real and granted. Weight 0.95 because the sentence is the paper's stated conclusion and both endpoints are named. The missing type belongs on Shir's schema list: a relation for a correlate that has been tested and ruled out as a cause is exactly what a corpus about definitions should be able to record, and it is the second-commonest finding in this literature after the effect itself. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says suppression ACCOMPANIES priming but is unlikely to be its cause; distinct-from is loose.
concept_edges[0]0.95the tagger's words
content_tagscorrelation
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
also in: correlation
content_tags.statistics[2]the tagger's words
content_tagsfalse-discovery-rate
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
content_tags.statistics[3]the tagger's words
content_tagshypothesis-testing
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted.
content_tags.statistics[4]the tagger's words
content_tagsmean
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also in: mean
content_tags.statistics[5]the tagger's words
content_tagsp-value
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
also in: p-value
content_tags.statistics[6]the tagger's words
content_tagsregression
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
also in: regression
content_tags.statistics[7]the tagger's words
content_tagst-test
Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above.
also in: t-test
content_tags.statistics[8]the tagger's words

Interpretive choices

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