Facilitation in Recognizing Pairs of Words: Evidence of a Dependence Between Retrieval Operations

Facilitation in Recognizing Pairs of Words: Evidence of a Dependence Between Retrieval Operations David E. Meyer Roger W. Schvaneveldt

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Facilitation in Recognizing Pairs of Words: Evidence of a Dependence Between Retrieval Operations 1971 Journal of Experimental Psychology 10.1037/h0031564 meyer1971-lexical meyer1971-lexical.txt, the project's staged copy fc347daec3fb4ddca05a2f2b08601483b5a7ec47 personal-copy cognitive-psychology

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them mechanism Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. associative priming in lexical decision Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. behavioural-experiment behavioural-experiment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The data cannot decide between the spreading-excitation and location-shifting accounts of the dependence. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The authors have no way to test all candidate explanations of the association effect. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Experiment II's reaction times cannot directly test the serial-decision model. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. half of the practice and test trials required a 'yes' response eliminates: that a reaction-time difference is a response bias - subjects favouring one key because it is used more often · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. each subject was randomly assigned one of the lists in one of the orders, so that every list-order combination was used exactly once eliminates: that the effect depends on a particular list or a particular presentation order · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. lexical decision lexical decision Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. association association Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. dependence dependence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. spreading excitation spreading excitation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. location shifting location shifting Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE FIRST MEASUREMENT OF THE EFFECT, WITH ITS ERROR BAR: `Quotation withheld (1, 11) = 20.6, p < .001.` Two strings shown at once, one above the other, decide whether both are words. There is no prime and no target - the design is simultaneous and symmetric, which is worth holding onto, because everything downstream assumes a sequence and an asymmetry that this experiment did not have Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND THE PAPER DECLINES THE INFERENCE ITS OWN NAME WOULD LATER REST ON: `Quotation withheld.` The founding result of semantic priming, and its authors say in the discussion that it does not establish semantic retrieval. The word `semantic` in `semantic priming` is a claim this sentence explicitly withholds - and the withholding is not hedging, it is followed by a worked alternative in which association affects RT through the organisation of memory locations rather than through meaning Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. TWO MECHANISMS, NO TEST, AND THE PAPER SAYS SO RATHER THAN PICKING: `Quotation withheld.` It then does something better than choosing - it asks what survives the choice: `Quotation withheld.` The result is stated at the level the data supports and the mechanism is left open, which is exactly what neely1977 spends 28 pages building an experiment to settle six years later Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AND THE LIMITATION IS STATED IN ONE FLAT SENTENCE WITH NO SOFTENING: `Quotation withheld.` No `future work will`, no `it remains to be seen`. This corpus has 539 records and I have read few limitation sentences this short - and it belongs to the paper that started the literature, which is the opposite of the order one would expect confidence to arrive in Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. contradicts → Schaeffer and Wallace (1969, 1970) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Meyer (1971) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. spreading excitation —distinct-from→ location shifting spreading excitation location shifting strength of the relation: 0.85 · note: THE EDGE IS CARRIED BY A LIST, WHICH IS WHY IT IS 0.85 AND NOT HIGHER. The sentence that draws the contrast explicitly - 'the present data…' - writes both names hyphenated, and the concept nodes are the unhyphenated forms. So the triple is built from the sentence that lists them as alternatives instead. Distinctness is genuinely asserted there - 'regardless of whether X, Y, Z, or some other process' only makes sense if they are different processes - but it is asserted in passing, on the way to saying the effect survives the question. The stronger sentence exists; a hyphen keeps it out, exactly as a plural kept the logogen edge out of neely1977 an hour ago. Two edges lost to orthography in one evening is worth recording as a pattern rather than as two accidents. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span lists spreading excitation and location shifting as alternative processes; distinct-from is loose. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. semantic priming: associated word pairs are recognized faster than unassociated pairs Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the association effect is consistent and sizeable across subjects Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. association association Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ANOVA ANOVA about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. p-value p-value about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. standard-error standard-error about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. statistical-significance statistical-significance about this quote: QUOTE RECOVERED FROM THE PAPER'S OWN CHARACTERS. The recorded quote was LETTERS-ONLY IDENTICAL to this stretch of the staged text but not an exact substring of it - spaces, hyphens, ligature glyphs or mathematical operators differed, so it could never anchor. This is the file's own text between the same two letters: not produced by a rule about the damage, copied out of the file. Round-trip checked (the recovered span is letters-only equal to the original) and length-checked. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1037/h0031564.