Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films

Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films K. S. Novoselov A. K. Geim et al.

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Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films 2004 Science / arXiv 10.1126/science.1102896 cond-mat/0410550 novoselov2004-graphene novoselov2004-graphene.txt, the project's staged copy c577b01944ef2e51775062a52395346ec89bf3ff arxiv-open materials-science

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them existence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ambipolar electric field effect in few-layer graphene Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. experiment experiment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms atomically-thin (few-layer) graphene is stable and metallic under ambient conditions, and its carrier density is tunable by an electric field (ambipolar field effect), enabling ballistic transport Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. an observed shift could be due to unintentional doping by absorbed gas molecules what this limits: the observed gate-voltage shift: Quotation withheld Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The zero-gate-voltage hole doping may be an artefact of adsorbed gas molecules rather than intrinsic. what this limits: the same scope as limitations[0] - the zero-gate-voltage hole doping may be adsorbate, not intrinsic Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The authors cannot explain why the measured behaviour fits a simple free-electron model when graphene is expected to have linear dispersion and massless carriers. what this limits: the free-electron description of the transport data: GRAPHENE IS EXPECTED TO HAVE THE LINEAR ENERGY DISPERSION AND CARRIERS WITH ZERO MASS, AND THE REASON WHY THE OBSERVED BEHAVIOR IS SO WELL DESCRIBED BY THE SIMPLEST FREE-ELE[ctron model is unclear] - the fit is unexplained, not the failure Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The transistor's on-off resistance ratio is modest and this is a fundamental limit for a gapless material. what this limits: the device application claim: GRAPHENE TRANSISTORS SHOW A RATHER MODEST ON-OFF RESISTANCE RATIO ... BUT THIS IS A FUNDAMENTAL LIMITATION FOR ANY MAT[erial without a gap] Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The devices differ in the one variable that defines the material - the number of layers - and that number is inferred from the measurement rather than known. what this limits: the band overlap reported here as a property of the material: it varied from 4 to 20 meV across samples, which the authors attribute to a different number of graphene layers involved, inferred rather than independently established Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The headline mobility is the top of a sample-to-sample range, and mobility is stated to be limited by defect scattering rather than intrinsic. what this limits: the mobility figure quoted from this paper: measured values varied from sample to sample between 3,000 and 10,000, and were practically independent of temperature, which the authors read as still being limited by scattering on defects Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. What is measured is few-layer graphene of one, two or three atomic layers reported together, not single-layer graphene. what this limits: these results as measurements of single-layer graphene: the reported devices contained just 1, 2 or 3 atomic layers and all of them are reported as exhibiting essentially identical electronic properties Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the observed reduction in the energy gap checked against the theoretical expectation that single-layer graphene is a zero-gap semiconductor eliminates: the measured gap being an artefact of the film thickness or the substrate rather than the band structure the paper is claiming · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. graphene graphene Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. field effect field effect Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. few-layer graphene few-layer graphene Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 2D semimetal 2D semimetal Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. band overlap band overlap Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. carrier mobilities carrier mobilities Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. field effect field effect duplicate of: concepts[2] Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. graphene - A NAME IN USE BEFORE ITS REFERENT EXISTED: a hypothetical single layer, employed to describe the properties of graphite, fullerenes and nanotubes, while planar graphene itself was presumed not to exist in the free state Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. graphene - AS MEASURED IN THIS PAPER: few-layer graphene, devices of one, two or three atomic layers pooled together, which is not the sense the word now carries Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. carrier mobility - MEASURED TWO INDEPENDENT WAYS AND AGREEING: from the field effect and from magnetoresistance, which is the rarer and stronger case of two operationalisations converging Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. contradicts → the prior consensus (refs 5-14) that planar graphene cannot exist in the free state Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. few-layer graphene —is-a→ 2D semimetal few-layer graphene 2D semimetal strength of the relation: 1 Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span writes 'FLG'; endpoint abbreviated. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. carrier mobilities —operationalised-as→ field effect carrier mobilities field effect strength of the relation: 1 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ≈10,000 — room-temperature charge-carrier mobility in graphene films about this quote: QUOTE REPAIRED: the extractor split a hyphen-space and the quote was recorded faithfully with the damage in it, which made it unanchorable. The repaired string is an EXACT SUBSTRING of the staged text - that is why it was accepted, not because a rule produced it. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. up to 10^13 — electron/hole concentrations inducible by gate voltage Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The films are a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny band overlap and a strong ambipolar electric-field effect: electrons and holes can be induced by applying gate voltage. about this quote: QUOTE REPAIRED: the extractor split a hyphen-space and the quote was recorded faithfully with the damage in it, which made it unanchorable. The repaired string is an EXACT SUBSTRING of the staged text - that is why it was accepted, not because a rule produced it. The text as originally recorded is kept in evidence as extracted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Graphene forms an all-metallic field-effect transistor exhibiting ballistic transport at submicron distances even at room temperature. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. gate voltage gate voltage Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. graphene graphene Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. few-layer graphene (FLG) few-layer graphene (FLG) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

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