Electrophysiological evidence for size invariance in masked picture repetition priming

Electrophysiological evidence for size invariance in masked picture repetition priming Marianna D Eddy Phillip J Holcomb

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Electrophysiological evidence for size invariance in masked picture repetition priming 2009 Brain and Cognition 10.1016/j.bandc.2009.05.006 unknown2009-electrophysiological-evidence-for-size-invar unknown2009-electrophysiological-evidence-for-size-invar.txt, the project's staged copy 278d5001bd020a26bda9b08a2c110da56c3bbcca not-redistributable neuroscience

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them existence Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. masked repetition priming of pictures Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. electrophysiology electrophysiology Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Object recognition proceeds hierarchically: perceptual overlap between prime and target must first be established before a higher-level semantic representation can be activated, so blocking the early overlap blocks the later effect. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Insufficient pooling: many neurons coding low-level features may fire to both prime and target, yet not enough of their activity converges to drive the sparser, more complex intermediate representation. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Receptive-field displacement: mirror reflection moves the prime-activated features outside the receptive fields of the cells that the target activates, so no priming benefit accrues. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Compensation cost: reconciling a prime and target that differ in both size and left-right orientation demands extra processing effort, which shows up as a reduced (here absent) N190/P190 priming effect. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Object symmetry was not controlled, so the surviving early mirror effect may be an artefact of symmetric items. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The early mirror-reflection priming effect may reflect global shape overlap rather than internal object features. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. No N300 effect was obtained in any condition, possibly because the rapid presentation rate merged it with the N400. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. twelve counterbalanced lists, so each repeated and unrepeated object appears an equal number of times across participants while appearing in only one condition for any single participant eliminates: item effects - that a difference between repeated and unrepeated objects is a property of which objects happened to fall in which condition · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. invariance invariance Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. masked repetition priming masked repetition priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. N190/P190 N190/P190 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. N400 N400 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mirror reflection mirror reflection Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. object recognition object recognition Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. PRIMING IS THE INSTRUMENT AND INVARIANCE IS THE SUBJECT, stated in the abstract's first sentence: `Quotation withheld` Whether priming SURVIVES a transformation is the measurement of whether the representation is invariant to it - so the experiment is about object representation, and priming is the apparatus. The pickering2008 distinction in a third literature, after Argiris2021 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. NECESSARY, ALTHOUGH NOT ALWAYS SUFFICIENT - an explicit logical qualifier, which is rare enough in this corpus to be worth a row of its own. `overlapping perceptual information between the prime and target is necessary, although not always sufficient, to activate a higher level semantic representation.` Necessity and the denial of sufficiency in one clause, and the design earns both halves separately: the mirror condition gives early overlap WITHOUT the later effect (not sufficient), and the size-mirror condition removes the early effect and the later one with it (necessary). The record's mechanisms[0] paraphrases only the necessity half Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE LATE STAGE IS MORE INVARIANT THAN THE EARLY ONE, which is the opposite of the obvious ordering. `The N400 unlike the N190/P190 appears to be FULLY invariant to size, since the repetition effect for the small prime condition DID NOT DIFFER from the repetition effect for the identity priming condition` - a null stated with its statistical basis attached. The early perceptual effect survives the same manipulation but pays for it: it `compensates for differences in size, but not without a small processing cost`. So invariance is not a property a representation has or lacks; it is graded, and it is cheaper further up Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. THE ERP CASCADE TURNS `IS IT INVARIANT?` INTO `WHEN DOES IT STOP BEING INVARIANT?` The conclusion says exactly this: the results `help elucidate the time course of previous fMRI findings of size invariance in adaptation paradigms and also when during object processing left-right arrangement of objects becomes important for activating an object representation.` fMRI adaptation can say a region is invariant; a component sequence can say at which stage the invariance ends. That is the methodological reason this paper exists, and it is a claim about what its instrument can resolve rather than about objects Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. contradicts → Fiser and Biederman (2001) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → Chauncey et al. (2008) masked size-priming study with words Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. builds-on → Eddy et al. (2006) masked repetition priming of pictures Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. invariance —operationalised-as→ masked repetition priming invariance masked repetition priming strength of the relation: 0.95 · note: The instrument relation, and the paper's own first sentence states it: invariance is examined THROUGH a masked repetition priming paradigm. Weighted 0.95 because this is a statement of what the experiment does, not an inference from its results. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says invariance was examined through ERPs in a masked repetition priming paradigm; operationalised-as is loose. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. N190/P190 —contrasted-with→ N400 N190/P190 N400 differs in: WHICH TRANSFORMATION EACH TOLERATES. Both survive a halving of the prime; only the early one survives mirror reflection of the target. The two manipulations are therefore indistinguishable at the perceptual stage and separate at the semantic one, which is how the paper locates where left-right arrangement starts to matter · strength of the relation: 0.9 · note: THE PAPER'S CORE DISSOCIATION, and the span carries both arms of it so a reader cannot take half. Grounded on the abstract's result sentence rather than the discussion because this is the one place both components and both transformations appear together. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mirror reflection —causes→ N400 mirror reflection N400 direction on the measure: reduces · strength of the relation: 0.85 · note: 'reduces' AND NOT 'eliminates', WHICH IS A CALL AND IT WENT AGAINST THE OBVIOUS READING. The result sentence says 'no significant N400 effect was observed' and the record's existing content_tags.findings[6] says the effect was 'eliminated ... altogether' - but the discussion's own verb for the same result is ATTENUATE, and a non-significant effect is not a demonstrated zero. The paper's weaker word is the one inside the quote. Weight 0.85 and 'appears to be' left in for the same reason. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says mirror reflection APPEARS to be enough to attenuate the N400; hedged. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. repeated-measures ANOVA repeated-measures ANOVA Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Greenhouse-Geisser correction Greenhouse-Geisser correction Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. effect size (partial eta squared) effect size (partial eta squared) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. t-test t-test Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. d-prime (signal detection sensitivity) d-prime (signal detection sensitivity) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mean mean Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. standard deviation standard deviation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Masked repetition priming of pictures produced early (N190/P190) and late (N400) ERP effects that were invariant to size, while only the early effect was invariant to mirror reflection. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Combining a small prime with a mirror-reflected target produced no significant priming effects. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Even in the earliest window, the small-prime-plus-mirror condition produced no reliable repetition effect (F<3, p>0.065). Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. No significant N300 repetition effect appeared in any condition. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The N400 was fully size-invariant: the small-prime repetition effect was statistically indistinguishable from the identity repetition effect. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The early N190/P190 compensated for differences in size, but with a small processing cost. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Mirror-reflecting the target eliminated the N400 repetition effect altogether. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The failure of priming in the combined small-prime/mirror-target condition is attributable to the mirror reflection rather than to the prime size, since small primes alone still primed and mirror targets alone did not. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Target d' averaged 4.45 and 4.75, significantly above the prime items' d' in both prime-size conditions. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. identity condition identity condition Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. size condition size condition Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mirror condition mirror condition Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. size-mirror condition size-mirror condition Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. repetition priming repetition priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. N190/P190 component N190/P190 component Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. N400 component N400 component Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. adaptation adaptation Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prime size prime size Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mirror reflection of the target mirror reflection of the target Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. repetition repetition Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Mean amplitude Mean amplitude Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. electrode site electrode site Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. counterbalanced lists counterbalanced lists Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. stimulus onset-asynchrony stimulus onset-asynchrony Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. inter-trial interval inter-trial interval Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. n = 24 — participants, undergraduates with a mean age of 19.6 years Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 620 — colour photographs of common objects used as stimuli, each 256 x 256 pixels Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 390 — trials viewed per subject, each a unique prime-target pair Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 110 ms — prime-target stimulus onset asynchrony held constant across conditions Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 1.81 — d' for detecting a normal-size food prime (1.71 for a small food prime), indicating primes were not identifiable Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 4.45 — d' for food items in the target position after a normal-size filler prime (4.75 after a small prime) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. approximately 15% — trials discarded for blinks, eye movements or muscle artifact before averaging Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. F(1,23) = 11.295, p = 0.003, η p 2 = 0.329 — midline main effect of repetition for the identity condition in the N400 window Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. F<3, p > 0.065 — non-significant repetition effect in the early window for the small-prime/mirror-target condition Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2009.05.006.