The same-different task as a tool to study unconscious processing

The same-different task as a tool to study unconscious processing Van Opstal

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The same-different task as a tool to study unconscious processing 2021 Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.06.014 van-opstal2021-the-same-different-task-as-a-tool van-opstal2021-the-same-different-task-as-a-tool.txt, the project's staged copy 5cabe51917f80a9f2a01052ffa615738d126bec2 open-access cognitive-psychology

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them method Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. unconscious semantic processing and information integration Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. review review Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms A generic same-different algorithm is applied unconsciously to the prime pair whatever its format, and the response it evokes then facilitates or interferes with the response demanded by the conscious target pair. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms If 'same' judgments are holistic and parallel while 'different' judgments are serial, then global-workspace theory predicts that only the parallel 'same' route can run without conscious access, so priming should come from same primes. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Unconscious integration succeeds in this task because the stimuli fall within a sufficiently small spatial (and temporal) window and are of limited complexity. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The review cannot say why this task succeeds where other unconscious-integration designs are unreliable. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. In the word version of the task primes and targets were not cleanly separated, so part of that effect may be a conscious stimulus-response mapping. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. subliminal priming subliminal priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prime prime Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. targets targets Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. primes primes Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. criteria criteria Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. same-different same-different Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. subliminal priming - an operational definition with a NUMBER in it: the prime is shown for 50 ms or less and immediately followed by masks, and awareness is treated as absent because of the timing. Set beside Hoewe2020, where unawareness is established by asking the participant afterwards, this is the same criterion secured by apparatus instead of by report Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. genuine unconscious processing - a term defined by what it must be distinguished FROM. The two criteria exist so that an effect cannot be attributed to the conscious preparation of response links, and to rule out visual similarity. The definition is a list of alternative explanations that have to be closed off Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. the same-different task, as a tool rather than a topic - what recommends it is a STRUCTURAL property: the judgement concerns the relation between two targets, so the primes can be drawn from an entirely different set and still bear on the response Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → the dual process model of same-different judgements and the global neuronal workspace theory of consciousness Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. criteria —part-of→ subliminal priming criteria subliminal priming strength of the relation: 0.85 · note: The first criterion, and its justification is the whole content: primes must come from a large or novel set SO THAT the effect cannot be attributed to consciously prepared response links. The rule is shaped by the alternative it excludes. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its span and kept, but criteria for genuine unconscious processing; part-of is loose. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Colour same-different judgments were faster when two preceding invisible digit primes had the same relation. about this quote: DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:1). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The unconscious same-different priming effect is short-lived: it appeared at a 100 ms prime-target interval and was gone at 316 ms. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Because the prime set (Arabic digits) and target set (colour patches) had nothing in common, the effect cannot be attributed to visual overlap or to consciously prepared action triggers, the two standard objections to subliminal semantic priming. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. When the primes were an upper- and lower-case letter matched for visual similarity, the same-different judgment could only rest on letter identity, which the author treats as strong evidence for unconscious semantic processing. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The unconscious same-different judgment is context-relative: the pair 'a A' primed a 'same' response when surrounded by dissimilar primes but a 'different' response when surrounded by very similar primes. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Unconscious multisensory integration occurred only when subjects had conscious training beforehand. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The subliminal version of the task reproduces the fast-same effect, in which 'same' responses are faster than 'different' responses. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The prediction that priming should be confined to 'same' primes is not borne out consistently: some experiments show priming only for same primes and others only for different primes. about this quote: DAMAGED GLYPHS IN THIS QUOTE: (cid:1). These are raw PDF font glyph indices that leaked out in place of the characters they stand for - usually a mathematical operator. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired: the cid-to-character mapping is defined by the font embedded in that particular PDF, so guessing it would produce a clean and unverifiable quote. Repair needs the source PDF and is a re-staging job. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. With pairs of emotional faces as primes the effect reversed sign, responses being slower when the prime relation matched the target relation. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. subliminal priming subliminal priming Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. subliminal same-different (SD) task subliminal same-different (SD) task Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. information integration information integration Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. about 10 ms — size of the subliminal same-different priming effect on reaction time Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 100 ms / 316 ms — prime-target intervals at which the priming effect was present versus absent Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. 50 ms or less — prime duration below which participants have no awareness of the prime Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.06.014.