Embracing the future of Artificial Intelligence in the classroom: the relevance of AI literacy, prompt engineering, and critical thinking in modern education

Embracing the future of Artificial Intelligence in the classroom: the relevance of AI literacy, prompt engineering, and critical thinking in modern education Walter

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Embracing the future of Artificial Intelligence in the classroom: the relevance of AI literacy, prompt engineering, and critical thinking in modern education 2024 International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 10.1186/s41239-024-00448-3 walter2024-embracing-the-future-of-artificial walter2024-embracing-the-future-of-artificial.txt, the project's staged copy 26cc2015b1dca083ba7bff24e083199a5490e32d open-access education

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0 spans located by searching the stored text for the quote's exact words, allowing any whitespace between them method Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI integration in classroom teaching Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. review review Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms odd prompt phrases such as "take a deep breath" work because that wording is statistically associated with more nuanced behaviour in the model's internet training data Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms Tree-of-Thought improves answers by combining chain-of-thought with self-consistency so the model can backtrack across reasoning lines and converge on the best one Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. mechanisms prompt design fosters critical thinking by forcing students to take multiple perspectives on a problem and to analyse and construct solutions rather than receive them Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The discussion is pitched at higher education and adult students; its applicability to children is asserted rather than shown. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Two opposite institutional policies on the same technology are presented side by side. what this limits: any claim about how education is responding to these tools: the paper sets out that some institutions have banned their use for theses and papers while others have fully allowed it with no or only little limitations Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. A named risk of the technology is that its users do not know its limitations. what this limits: any classroom use of these systems described here: the authors list teachers and students not being aware of the limitations and dangers of the technology, giving false responses through AI hallucinations as the example Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI literacy AI literacy Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. narrow AI narrow AI Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. superintelligent AI superintelligent AI Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI hallucinations AI hallucinations Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. false responses false responses Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Prompt engineering Prompt engineering Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Critical thinking Critical thinking Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI alignment AI alignment Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI runaway AI runaway Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI discrimination AI discrimination Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI Lock-In problem AI Lock-In problem Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. statistical machines statistical machines Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. truth-generators truth-generators Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Zero-Shot prompts Zero-Shot prompts Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Few-Shot prompting Few-Shot prompting Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI, in the curriculum - A SETTLED DEFINITION TO BE TAUGHT: the first component of an AI literacy program is basic definitions and understanding of what AI is, together with a three-way type list - narrow, general and superintelligent - which is a settled account of the term, in a literature whose own reviews cannot agree one Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. institutional policy on AI - BANNED AND FULLY ALLOWED AT ONCE: the same paragraph reports institutions that prohibit these tools in theses and papers and institutions that permit them with no or only little limitations, so 'the policy on AI in education' names two opposite rules in force at the same time Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI hallucinations - THE NAMED FAILURE USERS ARE SAID NOT TO KNOW ABOUT: false responses generated by the system, listed as something both teachers and students are unaware of, so the limitation and the ignorance of it are recorded as one problem Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI literacy - the ability to understand and interact effectively with AI, including awareness of its ethical and societal implications Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Prompt engineering - strategic crafting of inputs to elicit desired AI-system responses or behaviors Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Critical thinking in AI education - analyzing information, evaluating perspectives, and creating reasoned arguments in AI-driven environments Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI alignment - the risk that a system subtly does something other than what it was instructed to do Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI runaway - self-governance through instrumental goals absent from the user's terminal instructions Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI discrimination - biased conclusions against underrepresented groups caused by skewed training data Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI Lock-In problem - an AI becomes stuck within one narrative and loses the full picture Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Statistical machines - the paper's ontological description of AI systems Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Truth-generators - what the paper explicitly says statistical AI systems are not Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Zero-Shot prompts - simple prompts with no supplied examples and little extra detail Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Few-Shot prompting - supplying several examples that demonstrate how a task should be completed Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. extends → Chan (2023) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI hallucinations —causes→ false responses AI hallucinations false responses strength of the relation: 1 Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Prompt engineering —causes→ Critical thinking Prompt engineering Critical thinking the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 0.7 · note: The paper states a potential rather than a demonstrated effect, so the relation is hedged to 0.7. Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span speaks of prompt engineering's POTENTIAL to foster critical thinking; hedged. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. statistical machines —distinct-from→ truth-generators statistical machines truth-generators the relation itself is separately evidenced · strength of the relation: 1 · note: The paper makes an unhedged categorical contrast: AI systems are statistical machines and not truth-generators. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The paper's central claim is that three specific skills - AI literacy, prompt engineering knowledge and critical thinking - are what schools need to remedy the problems AI creates in education. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. In the author's own trial, GPT-3.5 answered a lost-object reasoning task incorrectly under plain input-output prompting but correctly under Tree-of-Thought prompting. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The case-study university settled on a middle-ground policy in which student use of ChatGPT and other LLMs is neither banned nor left unrestricted. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Requiring students to document how they critically evaluated the AI's output was the element of the guidelines the authors considered novel relative to other institutions. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The written AI guidelines only work if students comply, and compliance is not guaranteed. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The main barrier to teachers adopting AI tools in class is fear rooted in not knowing enough about the technology and expecting to use it wrongly. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. A year after ChatGPT's release, almost all students in the case-study classrooms had already used it. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The institution has no dedicated person or group tasked with keeping up with AI developments. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. The university offers no workshops or training programmes to raise teacher or student competence with AI. Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI literacy AI literacy Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prompt engineering prompt engineering Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. critical thinking critical thinking Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Few-Shot prompting Few-Shot prompting Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. expert prompting (EP) expert prompting (EP) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. AI Lock-In problem AI Lock-In problem Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. prompt-wise tabula-rasa problem prompt-wise tabula-rasa problem Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. ToT-context ToT-context Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. universal and transferrable prompt suffix universal and transferrable prompt suffix Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution. Automatic Prompt Engineer (APE) Automatic Prompt Engineer (APE) Quotation withheld because this record is not cleared for redistribution.

The full text of this article is not redistributable, so it is not included here. The evidence sentences are withheld with it; the tag layer and its grounding status remain. The article itself is at https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-024-00448-3.