standOff, and the article is at its publisher via the link below. When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.| relation to other work | claim_relations | how this paper stands to another: agrees, contradicts, extends, qualifies |
| claim type | claim_type | the shape of the claim: existence, mechanism, method, critique, prediction, null |
| concept edge | concept_edges | an asserted relation between two concepts, with the sentence asserting it |
| concept | concepts | an idea the paper works with, quoted where the paper uses it |
| content tag | content_tags | a finding, definition, quantity, statistic or variable named in the paper |
| control | controls | an experiment run to eliminate a rival explanation |
| limitation | limitations | what the paper says its evidence cannot support |
| mechanism | mechanisms | how the reported effect is said to come about |
| method | method | how the paper produced its evidence |
| phenomenon | phenomenon | the effect or regularity under study |
| sense | senses | a distinct use of a term, quoted where the paper fixes it |
Relations on this page carry a quotation for the claim. Where a relation was separately evidenced — and so tested against the vocabulary for its type — the row says so; none of 1 relation here carry that mark. The rest are the tagger’s reading of the sentence quoted beside them.
| facet | tag | field | conf. | whose words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| claim_type | mechanism Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_type | the paper's words | |
| phenomenon | seasonal cycles in chromosomal inversion frequencies Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | phenomenon | the paper's words | |
| method | experiment Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: experiment | method | the paper's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[0] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[1] | the tagger's words | |
| mechanisms | mechanisms Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | mechanisms[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | Absence of significant change at the low temperature may reflect too few sampling intervals rather than genuinely constant frequencies. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the low-temperature null: THIS DOES NOT IMPLY THAT THERE WERE NO CHANGES BUT MERELY THAT ANY CHANGES WERE TOO SMALL TO BE DETECTED WITH CONFIDENCE IN THE SMALL NUMBER OF INTERVALS | limitations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The data cannot discriminate among the possible selective models (constant selective values, sex-differential selection, frequency-dependent values). Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: any choice among the selective models: UNFORTUNATELY THE DATA AT HAND DO NOT YIELD A UNIQUE INTERPRETATION | limitations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | The spring reversal seen in nature was not reproduced and its causes remain unknown. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the correspondence with the wild population: the spring reversal was not reproduced, and THERE ARE IMPORTANT FACTORS YET TO BE DISCOVERED | limitations[2] | the tagger's words | |
| limitations | A counting assumption is made, stated to be false in some strains, and the direction of the resulting error is given: the tabulated numbers are minima. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the counts of kinds of chromosomes in table 2: they rest on an assumption the authors state is violated in some strains, so the numbers are minima rather than estimates | limitations[3] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| limitations | The baseline the experiment is compared against is inferred rather than observed, and the authors offer that as one of two explanations for the unexpected control differences. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. what this limits: the control samples as showing the initial composition: the authors note the initial population's composition is inferred from its parents, and offer sampling error as the alternative explanation | limitations[4] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| controls | a Control sample whose gene-arrangement frequencies should match the initial population, against which the experimental cages are read Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. eliminates: drift and sampling as the explanation of a frequency change - the Control sample is the one that should show no change, and it is what makes a change elsewhere readable · outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation): held | controls[0] | 0.85 | the tagger's words |
| concepts | gene arrangement Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: gene arrangement | concepts[0] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | Standard Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: Standard | concepts[1] | the paper's words | |
| concepts | population cage Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: population cage | concepts[2] | the paper's words | |
| senses | evidence of selection - a TWO-PART criterion: the average rate of change per generation AND the regression of that rate on chromosome frequency, both of which must be considered Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[0] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | evidence of selection - AS A REGRESSION OF RATE ON FREQUENCY, which the paper says indicates selection EVEN IF the average does not differ significantly from zero Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. about this quote: THE QUOTE CONTINUES A SENTENCE THAT THIS COPY CUTS IN TWO - a running head and a stray full stop stand between it and the words it follows, which read 'obviously indicates a selective' and, after the head, 'process,'. | senses[1] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| senses | initial population composition - not measured but INFERRED from the composition of the parents, while the control sample describes something else Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | senses[2] | 1.0 | the tagger's words |
| claim_relations | builds-on → L'Heritier and Teissier's population cage Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[0] | the tagger's words | |
| claim_relations | contradicts → Hovanitz (1944) migration explanation of the seasonal changes at Pinon Flats and Andreas Canyon Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | claim_relations[1] | the tagger's words | |
| concept_edges | Standard —is-a→ gene arrangement Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. strength of the relation: 1 also in: Standard · gene arrangement | concept_edges[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | chi-squared Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: chi-squared | content_tags.statistics[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | t-test (Student's) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: t-test (Student's) | content_tags.statistics[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | regression Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: regression | content_tags.statistics[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | F-test Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: F-test | content_tags.statistics[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | least squares Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: least squares | content_tags.statistics[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | p-value Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: p-value | content_tags.statistics[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | variance Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: variance | content_tags.statistics[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | In population cages held at 25°C the frequency of the Standard gene arrangement rose highly significantly at the expense of the other arrangements, especially Chiricahua, whereas at 16.5°C mean frequencies did not change significantly. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The rate of frequency change per generation regressed negatively on frequency, meaning each chromosome type gained when it was rare and lost when it became common. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | For cages containing only Standard and Chiricahua at 25°C, relative selective values of 0.70 for ST/ST, 1.00 for ST/CH and 0.30 for CH/CH reproduce the observed changes and put equilibrium at 70 percent Standard. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | With all three chromosome types present, least-squares selective values (0.43 ST/ST, 0.05 AR/AR, 0.21 CH/CH, 1.30 ST/AR, 1.00 ST/CH, 0.71 AR/CH) place equilibrium at 53 percent Standard, 34 percent Arrowhead and 13 percent Chiricahua, and the assumption that the three heterozygotes are equally fit yields impossible values. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The data cannot discriminate equal selection in the two sexes from very unequal selection: values of 1.00:1.00:0.60 in females with 0.40:1.00:0 in males fit the observations as well as the sex-averaged values. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Because the cages at 25°C and 16.5°C were stocked with sibs, the presence of change at the high temperature and its absence at the low temperature can be attributed to temperature alone. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Varying the food regime (two jars every three days versus one jar every five days) produced no consistent difference in the direction or size of the frequency changes. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[6] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | In the 14th experiment Standard rose from 31 to 55 percent while Arrowhead fell from 69 to 45 percent. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[7] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | The spring reversal seen in nature, in which Standard falls and Chiricahua rises, could not be reproduced in any population cage. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[8] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | Measured fly dispersal rates are far too slow for migration from Keen Camp to explain the seasonal shift at Andreas Canyon 16 kilometres away. Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.findings[9] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | selective disadvantage Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: selective disadvantage | content_tags.definitions[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | ten-day period Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: ten-day period | content_tags.definitions[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | temperature factor Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: temperature factor | content_tags.variables[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | food regime Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: food regime | content_tags.variables[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | gene arrangement Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: gene arrangement | content_tags.variables[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | frequencies of chromosomes Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: frequencies of chromosomes | content_tags.variables[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | gene content Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. also in: gene content | content_tags.variables[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | s=.3o, t=.7o, q=.7o — Fitted selective disadvantage of ST/ST (0.30) and of CH/CH (0.70) relative to the heterozygote, and the resulting equilibrium frequency of Standard (0.70) Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[0] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 53 percent Standard, 34 percent Arrowhead and 13 percent Chiricahua — Equilibrium frequencies computed for the three-chromosome experiments at 25°C Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[1] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 124 ... 157 ... II3 ... average of 131 — Estimates of the effective number of breeding parents in a cage derived from the excess variance of frequency change, from Standard, Arrowhead and Chiricahua data respectively Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[2] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 300 chromosomes — Number of third chromosomes scored per monthly sample from each cage, split into six subsamples Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[3] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 3·5 weeks ... 5.2 weeks — Assumed generation interval used to convert observed frequency changes into rates per generation, at 25° and at 16.5° respectively Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[4] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 3ooo-sooo flies per cage — Steady-state size of the experimental cage population at room temperature with one fresh food jar every other day Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[5] | the tagger's words | |
| content_tags | 71 percent to 42 percent — Fall in Chiricahua frequency in the 13th experiment, while Standard doubled Quotation withheld — this record is not cleared for redistribution. The sentence is in the paper at the link above. | content_tags.quantities[6] | the tagger's words |
Tags that could not be placed in the text:
What was deliberately not tagged, and why, is recorded per paper by the tagger. Where a paper has no such record, this page says so rather than implying that nothing was declined.