phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | cortical visual pathways for perception and action— “Accumulating neuropsychological, electrophysiological and behavioural evidence suggests that the neural substrates of visual perception may be quite distinct from those underlying the visual control of actions.” | |
| claim-type | mechanism— “We propose that the ventral stream of projections from the striate cortex to the inferotemporal cortex plays the major role in the perceptual identification of objects, while the dorsal stream projecting from the striate cortex to the posterior parietal region mediates the required sensorimotor for visually guided transformations actions… | |
| method — evidence | — “Despite the interactions between the dorsal and ventral systems, the converging lines of evidence reviewed above indicate that each stream uses visual information about objects and events in the world in different ways.” | |
| mechanism | Different output requirements (perceptual identification vs online sensorimotor transformation) demand different visual computations, and this drives the anatomical segregation of the two streams.— “These differences are largely a reflection of the specific transformations of input required by perception and action.” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | Dorsal-stream processing proceeds without reaching consciousness, which keeps moment-to-moment viewer-centred information from disrupting the perceptual constancies computed in the ventral stream.— “It may be that information can be processed in the dorsal system without reaching consciousness, and that this prevents interference with the perceptual constancies intrinsic to many operations within the ventral system that do result in awareness.” | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | Separate processing modules evolved because vision is put to functionally different uses.— “It seems plausible from a functional standpoint that separate processing modules would have evolved to mediate the different uses to which vision can be put.” | mechanisms[2] |
| extends | Ungerleider and Mishkin's (1982) two-visual-systems model ('what' versus 'where')— “In this article, it is proposed that this distinction ('what' versus 'how') - rather than the distinction between object vision and spatial vision ('what' versus 'where') - captures more appropriately the functional dichotomy between the ventral and dorsal projections.” | claim_relations[0] |
| sense | the dorsal/ventral division - THE SAME ANATOMY, A NEW DIVIDING PRINCIPLE: the authors propose that what-versus-how, rather than the object-vision versus spatial-vision distinction, captures the functional dichotomy between the two projections; the fibre bundles are unchanged and the question used to sort them is not, so findings filed under the two accounts sort the same tissue differently— “proposed that this distinction ('what' versus 'how') - rather than the distinction between object vision and spatial vision ('what' versus 'where') - captures more appropriately the functional dichotomy between the ventral and dorsal projections” | senses[0] |
| sense | localization - A TERM THAT FAILED TO DISTINGUISH: the notion is said not to separate the many different patterns of behaviour that vary with the spatial location of a stimulus, only some of which rely on tectal mechanisms, so one word covered several mechanisms and the paper says so— “However, the notion of 'localization' failed to distinguish between the many different patterns of behaviour that vary with the spatial location of visual stimuli, only some of which turn out to rely on tectal mechanisms” | senses[1] |
| sense | the ventral stream - DEFINED BY WHAT IT IS FOR, NOT BY WHERE IT GOES: proposed to play the major role in the perceptual identification of objects, in the sentence that also names the dorsal stream as the other half of the proposal; the stream is identified here by a function rather than by its anatomical destination— “We propose that the ventral stream of projections from the striate cortex to the inferotemporal cortex plays the major role in the perceptual identification of objects, while the dorsal stream projecting from the striate cortex to the posterior parietal region mediates the required sensorimotor for visually guided transformations actions… | senses[2] |
| control | two control subjects put through the same manual matching task as the patient DF, over a series of randomly ordered trials — held — rules out the dissociation being a property of the task rather than of DF's lesion - the controls do the identical task, and the random order removes anticipation for everyone— “(A) In the manual matching task, DF and two control subjects were instructed to indicate the width of each plaque over a series of randomly ordered trials by separating the index finger and thumb of their right hand.” | controls[0] |
| evidence status note | Ungerleider and Mishkin's (1982) two-visual-systems model ('what' versus 'where') — THE STAGED TEXT WAS SPLICED AND HAS BEEN REPAIRED. A page foot - 20 © 1992, Elsevier Science PublishersLtd, (UK) 0166- 2236192150500 TINS, VOI. 15, NO. I, 1992 - sat between 'it is' and 'proposed', inside the sentence, and the quote was cut faithfully from that corrupt copy. So every check we own passed: the offsets were right, the recorded hash of the staged text matched, and the quote was findable. The staged file was repaired rather than only this string, because leaving the corrupt paragraph staged reproduces the fault in the next tag drawn from it; the pre-repair copy is in an internal file and the original quote in evidence as extracted. | claim_relations[0] |
| edge | ventral stream —contrasted-with→ dorsal stream Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[0] |
| outcome (stated by the tagger, no quotation) | control — held | controls[0] |
| for which use | limitation — any comparison between findings filed under the two accounts: the authors propose that the what-versus-how distinction, rather than the distinction between object vision and spatial vision, captures the functional dichotomy between the ventral and dorsal projections Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| for which use | limitation — any use of the earlier localization account: the authors state that the notion of localization failed to distinguish between the many different patterns of behaviour that vary with the spatial location of visual stimuli, only some of which rely on tectal mechanisms Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
| replication | untested | |
| limitation | The proposed division of labour between the two streams is not claimed to be absolute. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | Correlating human neuropsychological findings with monkey neurophysiology requires caution. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | The evidence base lacks detailed analyses of how task-specific most visuospatial disorders are. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | The paper replaces the principle by which the same two pathways are divided. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| limitation | An earlier term is criticised by name for grouping behaviours it could not separate. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[4] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | When reaching to pick up a block, DF's grip aperture changed systematically with the object's width, as in normal subjects. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | The same patient's manual estimates of object width bore no relation to actual object size and were highly variable trial to trial. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | The dorsal/ventral division cannot be reduced to the magnocellular/parvocellular retinal division, because both streams receive input from both pathways. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | Spatial attention is physiologically non-unitary and may be as much associated with the ventral system as with the dorsal. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | The authors believe functional modularity in cortical visual systems extends from input right through to output. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | Despite being unable to recognize objects' size, shape and orientation, DF guided her hand and finger movements to those objects accurately. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| quantity | approximately 45 cm — viewing distance at which the plaques were presented in the matching and grasping tasks Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 5 x 5 cm to 2.5 x 10 cm — range of plaque dimensions used as the stimulus set (all of equal top-surface area) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| variable | width of the target (independent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[0] |
| definition | ventral stream Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| definition | dorsal stream Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[4] |
| concept | ventral stream Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[0] |
| concept | dorsal stream Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[1] |
| concept | localization Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[2] |
| concept | functional dichotomy Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[3] |
| concept | tectal mechanisms Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[4] |
| mean | as written: means Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| standard error SE | as written: SE Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
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