x 10 9 may be x 10⁹, chi 2 5 may be chi-squared with five degrees of freedom, and 1 2 may be one half. Read any expression here against the published paper before relying on it.phenomenon · claim-type · cross-domain-transfer · mechanism · claim-relation · replication-status · limitation — grounded in the full text| phenomenon | epidemic spreading on scale-free networks— “To address the effects of scale-free connectivity in epidemic spreading we study the SIS model on the SF network.” | |
| claim-type | mechanism— “We find the absence of an epidemic threshold and its associated critical behavior, which implies that SF networks are prone to the spreading and the persistence of infections whatever spreading rate the epidemic agents possess.” | |
| method — evidence | — “With this aim, we study by large scale simulations and analytical methods the susceptible-infected-susceptible [11] model on SF graphs.” | |
| object of study — evidence | — “we have analyzed the prevalence data reported by the Virus Bulletin [16] from February 1996 to March 2000” | |
| research question — evidence | — “all viruses that are able to pervade, spread much slower than exponentially, and saturate to a very low level of persistence, affecting just a tiny fraction of the total number of computers [10]” | |
| contribution — evidence | — “We find the absence of an epidemic threshold and its associated critical behavior, which implies that SF networks are prone to the spreading and the persistence of infections whatever spreading rate the epidemic agents possess.” | |
| transfer | from network science / statistical physics: modelling epidemic spreading on scale-free contact networks— “We define a dynamical model for the spreading of infections on scale-free networks” | transfers[0] |
| transfer | from biological epidemiology: the susceptible-infected-susceptible model and the notion of an epidemic threshold, applied to computer virus outbreaks on the Internet— “The epidemiological analysis of computer viruses has been the subject of a continuous interest in the computer science community [10,13–15], following mainly approaches borrowed from biological epidemiology [11].” | transfers[1] |
| mechanism | the scale-free network diverging connectivity fluctuations remove the epidemic threshold, so infections persist for any positive transmission rate— “finding the absence of an epidemic threshold and its associated critical behavior” | mechanisms[0] |
| mechanism | diverging connectivity fluctuations act as an infinite connectivity, and the threshold falls to zero | mechanisms[1] |
| mechanism | a link is more likely to land on a highly connected node, so hubs are infected first and keep re-infecting the rest | mechanisms[2] |
| mechanism | e-mail attachments make the contact graph the Internet's topology rather than physical proximity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | mechanisms[3] |
| builds-on | scale-free network model Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[0] |
| contradicts | the classical nonzero-epidemic-threshold prediction Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[1] |
| contradicts | the standard nonzero epidemic threshold of mathematical epidemiology [11] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[2] |
| builds-on | the scale-free graph model of Barabasi and Albert [6] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[3] |
| contradicts | standard epidemic modelling on lattices and mean-field models, which predicts a nonzero threshold Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| extends | the observational literature on computer virus prevalence [10,13] Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[5] |
| sense | network - social, biological and communication systems alike, whose nodes are individuals or organizations and whose links are the interactions among them Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[0] |
| sense | network - the Internet as the contact graph along which an e-mail-borne infection actually travels, as opposed to physical proximity Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[1] |
| sense | epidemic - a computer virus outbreak, analysed with the models of biological epidemiology Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | senses[2] |
| control | testing the model's prediction against independent real-world prevalence data reported by the Virus Bulletin, February 1996 to March 2000 — held Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. — rules out that the absence of an epidemic threshold is an artefact of the scale-free model rather than a property of how real computer viruses spread Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| differs in | standard epidemic modelling on lattices and mean-field models, which predicts a nonzero threshold — THE AXIS IS THE CONNECTIVITY REGIME. 'In models with local connectivity (Euclidean lattices and mean-field models), the most significant result is the general prediction of a nonzero epidemic threshold.' The threshold is not wrong for the models it was derived in - it is a property OF THOSE MODELS' CONNECTIVITY, and this paper changes the connectivity. Its unhoused_relations[0] in this corpus records the same point as a relation the vocabulary could not express: a threshold is a property of a regime, not something a lattice produces. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | claim_relations[4] |
| audit | scale-free networks —contrasted-with→ random networks — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but endpoint by anaphora: 'That' = the scale-free connectivity of the Internet (previous sentence). Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[2] |
| audit | contact process —is-a→ susceptible-infected-susceptible — Audit 2026-09-28: DOUBTFUL - read against its full span and kept, but the span says the SIS model is a GENERALIZATION of the CP model; is-a is loose, endpoints abbreviated. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| weight | contact process —is-a→ susceptible-infected-susceptible — 0.9 Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[3] |
| effect direction | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · scale-free networks —causes→ epidemic threshold — eliminates Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| retracted | EVIDENCE CORRECTED (RE-GROUNDED) · scale-free networks —causes→ epidemic threshold — RE-GROUNDED. The old span - 'annulling thus the threshold' - states the mechanism and names neither endpoint. This sentence names both AND states the finding, and the sign travels with it. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concept_edges[4] |
| outcome | control — held Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | controls[0] |
| for which use | limitation — every result of the SIS model: INDIVIDUALS EXIST ONLY IN TWO DISCRETE STATES Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| for which use | limitation — the range of exponents the conclusion covers: THE PRESENT FRAMEWORK CAN BE GENERALIZED TO NETWORKS WITH 2 < gamma <= 3, RECOVERING QUALITATIVELY THE SAME RESULTS - asserted qualitatively, by citation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| for which use | limitation — the same scope as limitations[0], in the paper's own words: THIS MODEL RELIES ON A COARSE GRAINED DESCRIPTION OF INDIVIDUALS IN THE POPULATION Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| for which use | limitation — the empirical half only: WE HAVE ANALYZED THE PREVALENCE DATA REPORTED BY THE VIRUS BULLETIN FROM FEBRUARY 1996 TO MARCH 2000 - one industry source, four years Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
| replication | untested | |
| no type for this | Euclidean lattice → epidemic threshold — A NONZERO EPIDEMIC THRESHOLD IS A PROPERTY OF THE LOCAL-CONNECTIVITY REGIME, NOT SOMETHING THE LATTICE PRODUCES. The lattice does not increase, reduce or eliminate a threshold; models with local connectivity simply HAVE one, and that is the standard result this paper is written against. None of the eight types says 'X holds in regime Y', and none of the four effect directions says a quantity EXISTS - all four describe a change in it. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | unhoused_relations[0] |
| limitation | the SIS model reduces individuals to two discrete states (healthy/infected) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[0] |
| limitation | The model is run at one exponent, γ = 3, and the generalisation to other exponents is asserted qualitatively rather than shown. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[1] |
| limitation | Individuals are reduced to two states, healthy or infected, which the paper flags as a coarse description. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[2] |
| limitation | The empirical half rests on one industry data source over a four-year window. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | limitations[3] |
finding · quantity · variable · definition · key-term — grounded in the full text| finding | an epidemic threshold and its associated critical behavior are absent Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[0] |
| finding | Real computer-virus data are analysed to give the average lifetime and prevalence of viral strains on the Internet. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[1] |
| finding | On a scale-free network the epidemic threshold is zero: any spreading rate, however small, lets the infection persist. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[2] |
| finding | Steady-state virus prevalence decays with decreasing spreading rate as ρ ~ exp(−C/λ). Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[3] |
| finding | Fitting the data gives a lifetime of about 14 months for boot and macro viruses and 6-9 months for file viruses. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[4] |
| finding | The higher a node's connectivity, the higher its probability of being infected. Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.findings[5] |
| quantity | γ between 2 and 3 — power-law degree exponent of the scale-free networks (Internet/WWW) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[0] |
| quantity | 0 (no threshold) — the epidemic threshold vanishes for scale-free networks Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[1] |
| quantity | τ ≃ 14 months — characteristic lifetime of boot and macro virus strains Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[2] |
| quantity | λc = 0 — the epidemic threshold on a scale-free network Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[3] |
| quantity | N = 103 to N = 8.5 × 106 — range of simulated network sizes (the exponents are lost in extraction; the paper means 10^3 to 8.5x10^6) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| evidence status note | quantity — FLATTENED EXPONENT IN THIS QUOTE - THE NUMBER IS WRONG BY ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE AS IT STANDS. The staged text reads '8.5 × 106', where the paper writes 10 to the power 6. The superscript was pushed onto the line by the PDF extractor. The quote is verbatim to the staged text and its anchor is sound; the STAGED TEXT is what is damaged. NOT repaired - repair means re-staging the body and re-anchoring the record. | content_tags.quantities[4] |
| quantity | γ ≃ 2.5 — measured scale-free exponent of the Internet and the world-wide-web Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[5] |
| quantity | 100 starting configurations x 10 network realisations — averaging used for every prevalence figure Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.quantities[6] |
| variable | spreading rate λ (independent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[0] |
| variable | effective spreading rate λ (independent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[2] |
| variable | virus prevalence (dependent) Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.variables[3] |
| definition | epidemic threshold λc Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[0] |
| definition | scale-free network Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[1] |
| definition | susceptible-infected-susceptible Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[2] |
| definition | effective spreading rate λ Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[3] |
| definition | epidemic threshold Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.definitions[4] |
| key-terms | epidemic, network, scale-free, spreading, threshold, virus, power-law, infection, connectivity, scale-free networks, epidemic threshold, node, link, computer viruses, prevalence, susceptible-infected-susceptible, Internet, Euclidean lattice, mean-field model, surviving probability, contact process, random networks, world-wide-web |
| concept | epidemic threshold Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[1] |
| concept | scale-free networks — not defined in this paper's own words; a network whose connectivity follows a power law with exponent between 2 and 3, so that connectivity fluctuations diverge Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[5] |
| concept | node — not defined in this paper's own words; an element of the network; in this paper an individual computer, which is either healthy or infected Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[6] |
| concept | individual — not defined in this paper's own words; the epidemiological name for what graph theory calls a node; in this paper, one computer Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[7] |
| concept | link — not defined in this paper's own words; a connection between two nodes, along which the infection can travel Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[8] |
| concept | susceptible-infected-susceptible — not defined in this paper's own words; the epidemic model in which a node is infected at rate ν by infected neighbours and cured back to susceptible at rate δ Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[9] |
| concept | contact process — not defined in this paper's own words; the absorbing-state model of which SIS is a generalisation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[10] |
| concept | Euclidean lattice — not defined in this paper's own words; a regular local topology in which every node has the same small number of neighbours - the standard setting of classical epidemic modelling Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[11] |
| concept | random networks — not defined in this paper's own words; a network in which every node has approximately the average number of links Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[12] |
| concept | Internet — not defined in this paper's own words; the communication network through which electronic mail travels, and therefore the real contact graph for e-mail-borne viruses Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[13] |
| concept | surviving probability — not defined in this paper's own words; the fraction of virus strains still alive at time t after their birth - the measure by which strain lifetime is estimated Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[14] |
| concept | prevalence — not defined in this paper's own words; the steady-state density of infected nodes in the network Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | concepts[15] |
| statistical-significance | as written: statistically significant Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[0] |
| power-law P(k) ~ k^-γ | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[1] |
| mean <k> | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[2] |
| exponential-distribution exp(-t/τ) | Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | content_tags.statistics[3] |
| claim type | mechanism — a second reading reaching the same value; recorded: mechanism Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.claim_type |
| method | simulation — a second reading reaching the same value; recorded: simulation Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.method |
| phenomenon | absence of an epidemic threshold for spreading on scale-free networks — a second reading DIFFERING from the recorded value; recorded: epidemic spreading on scale-free networks Quotation withheld — this paper is not ours to reproduce, and the page has already quoted as much of it as the rights layer allows. The tag, its field and its confidence stand; the sentence is at the publisher. | alternatives.phenomenon |
When we have changed our mind. Some entries in the table begin with a word in capitals and the reason for it. EVIDENCE CORRECTED — the finding still stands, but we had quoted the wrong sentence from the paper, and the quotation has been replaced with the right one. RETRACTED — the entry itself was wrong; it stays on the page, marked, with the reason, rather than being deleted. WITHDRAWN AND REPLACED — the entry was wrong, and a corrected version of it appears in the entries below. Each mark carries its own reason, in brackets, because the reasons differ from one entry to the next. An entry we have WITHDRAWN is removed from this page and kept in the record, with its reason. A line reading Audit and a date is a later re-reading of the entry against its whole sentence: DOUBTFUL means it was kept, and the reason says what is loose about it. Quotation marks inside the tagger's sentence. Where a tag is the tagger's own sentence, a phrase in quotation marks inside it is borrowed from the paper — the tagger's wording around it is not. The paper's own sentence is the evidence quote for that row; on this page it is withheld with the article, and the article is at its publisher. Nothing inside quotation marks anywhere on this page is ours: if it is quoted, it is the paper's. Whose words a concept carries. A concept entry records a term the paper itself uses, so the term, the sense given for it, and its evidence are the paper's own words, quoted where the paper fixes them. This is the opposite of a sense entry in the tag table, which is the tagger's sentence about how the paper uses a term. Where a concept entry could not be grounded in the paper's words, the entry says so on its own row.
Tag layer © the Meta-Tagging Project, CC BY 4.0. The paper text is © its authors/publisher
and is linked, not reproduced. Excerpts shown are short quotations for identification and verification.
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